LEPTOPTILUS JAVANICUS. 
(THE HAIR-CRESTED STORK.) 
Ciconia javanica, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1821, xiii. p. 188. 
Leptoptilus javanica (Horsf.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 277 (1849); Layarcl, Ann. & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 114; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 732; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 477 ; Salvadori, Uccelli di Born. p. 358 (1874) ; David & Oustalet, Ois. de la 
Chine, p. 449 (1877); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878, p. 469 (B. of Tenass.), et 1879, p. 114 
(List B. of Ind.); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 272. 
The Javan Adjutant, The Lesser or Small Adjutant , Europeans ; Marabou Crane , Europeans 
in Ceylon. Chinjara, Hind. ; Madan-chur, Modun-tiki, Beng. (Jerdon) ; Tout sap, 
Arakan (Blyth); Bangu (Java); Burong Kambing, Burong Gaja, Sumatra (Raffles) ; 
Hoang , Chinese in Hainan. 
Mdna , Sinhalese and Tamils in Ceylon. 
Adult female. (Ceylon) Length 45-0 inches ; wing 24-0 ; tail 9-5 ; tibia (bare) 7-0 ; tarsus 9-0 ; middle toe 4-5, its 
claw (straight) 05; bill to gape 1O0, at front 9 - 8. (India) Length 48-0 inches; wing 26-0; tail 10-0 to 11-0 ; 
tarsus 9-5; middle toe 4-5; bill to gape 100 (Jerdon). (China) Length 42-0 inches; wing 24 '0 ; tail 12-5; 
tarsus 8 - 6 ; bill at front 8’3 ( David Oustalet). 
Female (Ceylon). Iris greenish white, with a brown inner circle ; bill brownish grey, culmen reddish at the base ; legs 
and feet cinereous brown ; edges of scales whitish ; skull, which is bare, whity brown. 
Keck devoid of feathers, the region above the ears, occiput, and nape scantily clothed with greyish down, mingled with 
long reddish-brown hairs, forming a crest on the nape about 4£ inches in length ; the same down and hairy 
covering is distributed over the neck to within an inch or so of its lower part, which portion is quite bare ; entire 
under surface and the feathers round the lower part of the back of the neck white, some of the latter tipped with 
blackish ; interseapulary region, centre of lower back and rump (where the white of the flanks encroaches), tail, 
and entire wings deep glossy blackish green, the feathers of the iuterscapulary region and wing-coverts with dark 
margins and cross-rays, the longer scapulars and tertials with handsome broad white margins, blending into the 
green ; the scapulars and quills, chiefly on the outer webs, strongly glossed with purple ; under tail-coverts white, 
the feathers long and decomposed, with the barbs curled and furnished with a fluffy supplementary appendage, 
which wears off to a great extent when the feathers are abraded. 
Young. I have no information concerning the young of this species. 
Obs. The largo ally of this Stork, L. argala, the celebrated Adjutant of India, is furnished with a long, pendent, and 
pointed pouch, in which it stores away the surplus food that it may have caught. This unsightly appendage, 
which adds to the ugly appearance of the bird, is from 1 foot to 15 inches in length. The upper plumage is 
black, tinged with ashy ; the white feathers round the lower part of the neck form a conspicuous ruff ; the greater 
coverts grey, forming a wing-band ; whole head, neck, and pouch quite bare. Wing about 30 inches. This species 
is very abundant in Bengal and parts of Burmah. 
Distribution. — The so-called “ Marabou Crane ” is an inhabitant of the hot and dry districts of Ceylon, 
being sparingly distributed throughout the northern forests from Kurunegala and Puttalam to Jaffna, and 
down the east side of the island to the neighbourhood of Tangalla. In the moist districts of the south and in 
the Western Province it is not found. I have met with it in the Trincomalie district, near Tiriyeyi (Tirrai), 
Tamblegam, Kanthelai, and Topoortank. Mr. Holdsworth has seen it near Aripu; and Layard met with it at 
various tanks in the Yanni. Mr. Parker informs me that it is found occasionally throughout the year in the 
North-western Province ; it is fairly common in the dry south-eastern district, where Mr. Bligh has procured 
specimens, and frequently met with them by the lonely water-holes which stud the thick jungle of that part of 
