Genus PHALACROCORAX. 
Bill with the culmen flat and the tip suddenly bent down perpendicular to the direction of 
the ridge ; a long narrow groove running from the nostril near the oilmen to the commencement 
of the curve ; nostrils basal, linear, concealed beneath the loral skin ; sides of the under mandible 
flexible, and only joined at the tip by a bony arch, up to which the gular pouch extends. Wings 
with the 2nd quill the longest, and the 1st and 3rd subequal, the inner webs of the 1st and 2nd 
notched. Tail rounded, the feathers very stiff, and the laterals graduated. Tarsus short and 
much compressed, the inner side with a rim of transverse scales, the front and the outer side 
reticulate. Toes flattened, the outer longest, much exceeding the tarsus, and with four joints; 
hind toe reversible to the front. 
PHALACROCORAX CARBO. 
(THE COMMON CORMORANT.) 
Pelecanus carlo , Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 216 (1766). 
Phalacrocorax carlo (Linn.), Leach, Syst. Cat. M. & B. Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1816); Hume, 
Str. Feath. 1879, p. 116 (List B. of Ind.) ; Dresser, B. of Eur. pts. 73, 74 (1879). 
Phalacrocorax novce-hollandice, Steph. in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 1, p. 93 (1825). 
Graculus carlo (L.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 298 (1849) ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. 
p. 861 (1864); Salvadori, Uccelli di Borneo, p. 364 (1874); ILume, Nests and Eggs, 
iii. p. 659 (1875); Scully, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 204; Oates, ibid. 1877, p. 169 ; Hume, 
ibid. 1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 496. 
Corvo marinho, Portuguese; Aalscholver, Schollevaar, Dutch. Ghogur , Pan-kowal , Pan-Jcowa, 
Hind.; Ponta-kaki , Telugu; Khara ghaz, lit. “Black Goose,” Khasghar (Scully); 
U, Japanese ; /l gag, Arabic. 
PHALACROCORAX FUSCICOLLIS. 
(THE ASIATIC CORMORANT.) 
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis, Stepli. in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. vol. xiii. pt. 1, p. 91 (1826) ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1879, p. 116 
(List B. of Ind.). 
Graculus sinensis (Shaw), a pud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 298 (1849) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, 
xiv. p. 271 ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 802 (1864); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 483 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, 
iii. p. 660 (1875) ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 33. 
Graculus fuscicollis (Stepli.), Oates, Str. Feath. 1877, p. 170. 
The Chinese Pelican, Shaw, Nat. Miscell. xii. pi. 529 (1790-1813). 
Brown-necked Shag, Lath. Gen. Hist. x. p. 425. 
Adult (India). “Length 24 to 27 inches ; wing 11, expanse 36 to 40 ; tail 5j to 6 ; bill at front 2| ; middle toe 
2|.” {Jerdon.) 
