P A S S E R E S. 
Earn. LANIIDA3. 
Bill strong, deep, much compressed, with the culmen curved from the base to the tip, which 
is very deeply notched. Nostrils placed nearer the margin than the culmen; gape armed with 
stout bristles. Wings shorter or equal to the tail. largs and feet short. Tarsus covered with 
stout shields. Outer and middle toes joined at the base ; hind toe large. 
Grenus LANIUS. 
Bill with the characters of the family. Nostrils round, protected by a few weU dev p 
bristles. Wings rather short ; the 2nd quill longer than the secondaiies, and the r an 
the longest. Tail long and graduated, exceeding the closed wings by about theii own eng 
Tarsus slightly longer than the middle toe with its claw. 
LANIUS CEISTATUS. 
(THE BROWN SHRIKE.) 
Lanius cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 134. no. 3 (1766) ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. i. P" 
W^alden, Ibis, 1867, p. 212 ; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 375 ; Holdsworth, P. Z. S 187., 
p. 436 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, i. p. 175 (1873) ; Str. Feathei’S, 1874, p. , e , 
p. 91 ; Butler, ibid. p. 464 ; Armstrong, ibid. 1876, p. 316. v -r i r’ 
Lanms phcenicurus, Pall. It. iii. p. 693. no. 6 (1776) ; Prjevalski, B. of Mongo la, 
Orn. Misc. vol. ii. p. 274 (1877). _ . 
Enneoctomis lucionensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 291 (1845); Swinhoe, Ibis, ’ P 
Enneocfonus cristatus (Linn.), Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. L. I. P' „ 
Lanius superciliosus (Lath.), Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 
Lanius lucionensis (L.), Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 304. 
Otomela cristata, Schalow, Joum. fur Orn. p. 130 (1875). ^ ■, r a mj, n i Jtfid 
The Crested Red or Russet Butcher-bird, Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, p . , - 
Shrike, The Woodchat Shrike, Rufous-tailed Shrike, Superakoxhs Sm e { ^ 
Butcher-bird in India. 
Batti gadu, Telugu ; Curcutea, Bengal, (on account of its haish voice). 
, o -r i -1 Q.A fr. f?.9- tarsus 1-0 • mid toe and claw 0-85 ; bill to 
Adult male. Length 7-5 to 7-7 inches ; wing 3-4 to 3-o5 ; tad 3 0 to 3 2 , tars 
gape 0’85. 
Female. Length 7-4 to 7-6 inches ; wing 3-4 to 3-5. _ „ 
r.ris dark brown, sometimes hazel-brown ; bill with the upper mandible and tip blacU , g P 
legs and feet yar.ving from bluish grey to blackish slate ; claws darker than the 
,, nostril over the lores, and passing beneath the 
Adult male (Colombo, Sept. 29, 1876). A broad facial s reat rom _ jj^rrow frontal streak, widening as it passes 
eye to the ear-coverts, Nasal pi times blac , a more ^ upck, 
oUr the eye to above the ear-coverts, white ; forehead, crown, and nap e ^ ^ 
