Subgenus GEOCICHLA. 
Bill somewhat short ; a naked space at the posterior corner of the eye ; otherwise as in 
Turdus. 
GEOCICHLA CIIEINA. 
(THE OEANQE-HEADED THRUSH.) 
Turdus citrinus. Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 350 (1790). 
Geocichla citrina, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1847, xvi. p. 145 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 163 
(1849) ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 189 (1854) ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. 
i. p. 517 (1862) ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, i. p. 229 (1873); Ball, Str. Eeath. 1874, 
p. 407; Hume, ibid. 1875, p. 114; Oates, ibid. 1877, p. 151 ; Hume & Davison, B. of 
Tenass., Str. Eeath. 1878, p. 250. 
Geocichla layardi, Walden, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1870, v. p. 416 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, 
p. 445, et 1877, p. 160. 
The Orange-headed Ground-Thrush (Jerdon) ; The Busty -throated Bush-Thrush (Hume). 
Adult male (Darjiling). Length (from skin) about 8-5 inches ; wing 4‘5 ; tail 2-9 ; tarsus 1'25 ; mid toe 0-8, claw 
(straight) 0-25 ; bill to gape I'O. 
Adult (Nepal). Wing 4-o inches ; tail 3-0 ; bill to gape I'l. 
“ Bill blackish brown ; gaps and base of lower mandible fleshy ; eyelids greenish plumbeous ; iris dark hazel ; legs, 
feet, and claw's fleshy pink” {Oates, Pegu). 
Adult male (Ceylon, G. layardi). Length (from skin) 8‘5 inches ; wing 4'5 ; tail 2'7 ; tarsus 1'2 ; mid toe LOS, 
claw 0‘26 ; bill to gape I'O. 
-Iris brown (?) ; bill dark brown, pale at the base, the gape yellowish; legs and feet fleshy yellow; claws yellowish 
brown. 
Eorehead, top of the head, back and sides of neck rich aureous chestnut, paling on the throat, fore neck, entire breast, 
and flanks into a more fulvous hue, the lores, chin, and gorge being lighter than the fore neck ; lower part of 
hind neck, back, scapulars, wing- and upper tail-coverts glistening bluish grey, each feather with a broad paler 
grey margin ; terminal part of median wing-coverts, belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts white, tips of the greater 
secondary coverts whitish ; quills brown, the outer webs of a paler grey than the edgings of the upper surface ; 
tail bluish grey, brown on the inner webs of all but the central feathers, and the whole ci'ossed by dark rays, 
almost obsolete on the latter. 
Female. Length 8'0 inches ; wing 4'4 ; tail 2-5 ; tarsus 2'15 ; mid toe 0'75 ; bill to gape 0'95. 
Chin and throat more albescent than in the male ; entire abdomen and sides, vent, and under tail-coverts white ; 
interscapular region, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts washed with olivaceous greenish, the central parts of the 
feathers being slaty ; upper tail-coverts tinged with olivaceous in a less degree. 
The above are descriptions of the only male example I have seen from Ceylon (which is the type of Lord Tweeddale s 
G. layardi) and of a female procured at Jalfiia, and now in Mr. Iloldsworth’s collection. 
The following is a comparison of the two Indian specimens of which the dimensions have been given above : 
Darjiling. Somewhat paler in its rufous colour than the above ; distribution of the white on the abdomen and lower 
flank-plumes exactly the same ; wing-bar similar. 
Nepal. As dark as, if not darker than, the Ceylonese specimen in its rufous coloration ; less white on the abdomen. 
Ohs. The Ceylonese Orange-headed Thrush was separated from the North-Indian form by the late Lord Tweeddale, 
' and named by him G. layardi. It was stated, loc. cit., “ to be readily distinguished by the much deeper orange of 
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