CEINIGEE lOTEEICFS. 
(THE FOREST BULBUL.) 
Criniger ictericus, Strickland, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, xiii. p. 411 ; Kelaart, Prodro- 
mus, Cat. p. 123 (1862) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 124 ; Jerdon, 
B. of Ind. ii. p. 82 (1863) ; Legge, J. A. S. (Ceylon Branch) 1870-71, p. 43 ; Holdsworth, 
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 450; Hume, Nests and Eggs, ii. p. 282 (1873); Legge, Ibis, 1874, 
p. 20, et 1875, p. 396 ; Bourdillon, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 400. 
Pycnonotus ictericus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1844, xiv. p. 570. 
Hemixos icterica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 207 (1849); Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. 
Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 250 (1854). ' 
The Yellow-browed Bulbul (Jerdon). 
Male. Length 8-0 inches; wdng 3-7 ; tail 3-3; tarsus 0-72; mid toe and claw 0-75; bill at front 0-7, to gape 
(straight) 0’82. 
Iris light red, or red ; bill black ; legs and feet bluish leaden or dusky slatish. 
liores and at the base of nostril, supercilium, face, throat, and entire under surface, under tail- and nnder wing- 
coverts, with the basal portion of the inner margins of the quill-feathers and tertials, sulphur-yellow ; the face, 
side of throat, and flanks shaded with the hue of the back; entire upper surface olive-green; inner webs of 
quills brown, the shafts dark brown ; inner margins of all but central rectrices yellowish, the shafts are browm 
above and yellow beneath. 
Female. Length 7-75 inches ; wing 3-3 to 3-5 ; tail 3T. 
Ihe yellow in front of the eye is confined to the lores ; the under surface slightly duller, the face duskier than in the 
male. 
Yoimg. Birds of the year have the cheeks faintly barred brownish, and the flanks generally somewhat darker than 
adults. 
Ohs. Indian specimens of this bird that I have examined measure as follows : — S. India — wing 3-5 inches, tail 3-3 ; 
S. India wing 3-6, tail 3-4; Coorg— wing 3-6, tail 3-5. Size of bill and plumage identical with Ceylonese 
e.xamples. 
The nearest Indian ally to our bird is the northern form C.flaveolus, Gould. An example in the national collection 
from Nepal has the head dull rusty brown, the feathers elongated ; lores, forehead, chin, and throat greyish white; 
back greenish yellow, with a rusty tinge ; wings and tail rusty brown ; chest and under surface dull yellowish ; 
wing 4T. As showing, however, the singular affinity of the Malayan avifauna with that of Ceylon w'e have 
a much more closely related species in the C. simplex, Kuhl, of the Malay islands. This species has the upper surface 
almost of the same tint as in our bird ; the throat and under surface dull yellow, suffused with oUve-greenish on 
the sides of the chest and flanks ; it wants the yellow lores and face, which parts are duskier than the head 
Wing 3-5 to 3-7. 
Bistribution.— l:\i\% fine Bulbul is widely diffused throughout the island, restricting itself to forests and 
heavy secondary jungle, m which it is a common bird. It is essentially a denizen of timber-jungle for though 
it is not found in the cultivated portions of the Western Province, directly the forests in the Hewagam, 
Raygam, Three and Four Korales are entered it at once forces itself upon the acquaintance of the naturalist. 
In the Pasdun Korale, throughout Saffragam, in the south-west (beginning as near the sea as Kottowe and 
Baddegama), and in the Morowak and Rukkul Korales it is a common bird. It is scattered throughout all 
the northern forests, hut docs not apparently inhabit the Jaffna peninsula, for the simple reason that there is 
no heavy jungle on it. In the wilds of the Eastern Province, and in the forest along the rivers flowing 
thiough the Park country and the district lying to the south of Haputale, it is also found. As regards the 
