IXOS LUTEOLUS. 
(THE WHITE-EYEBROWED BULBUL.) 
llmmatornis luteolm. Less. Rev. Zool. p. 354 (1840). 
Pijcnonotus flavirictus, Strickl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, xiii. p. 413 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 
1846, xiv. p. 567 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 210 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. 
p. 123 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 124 {flaviriatus 
errore) . 
Pycmnotus luteolus, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 243 (1854). 
Criniger tickelli, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1845, xiv. p. 571. 
Ixos luteolus, Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. p. 84 (1863); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 450; Hume, 
Nests and Eggs, ii. p. 283 (1874) ; Ball, Str. Eeath. 1874, p. 410, et 1876, p. 235 ; 
Fairbank, ibid. 1877, p. 405. 
The Yellow-belhed Bulbul, The White-browed Bush-Bulbul in India ; The Cinnamon-Thrush 
(Europeans in Ceylon). Poda-pigli, Telugu ; Pastro Jcondache, Portuguese in Ceylon. 
Guluguluwa, Sinhalese. 
Adult male and female. Lenglh 7-4 inches ; wing .3-1 to 3-3 ; tail 3-0 to 3-2 ; tarsus 0-8 to 0-95 ; mid toe and claw 0-8 ; 
bill to gape 0-8 to 0-9. 
Iris ^'ariable, rust-colour, dull red, or blood-red ; bill black; legs and feet dusky-leaden blue or plumbeous. 
Above olivaceous browji, the edges of the feathers obscure greenish ; on the head the centres of the feathers are brown, 
edged with greyish, below the eye and a broad stripe from nostril above it white, with a dark brown dividing line 
above the lores ; quills and wing-coverts edged with greenish ; the tail the same but duller, the exterior feathers 
tipped with yellowish grey ; shafts reddish brown ; ear-coverts brownish ; beneath whitish, washed with brownish 
on the chest, and becoming yellowish on the lower breast and abdomen ; vent, under tail-coverts, and under wing- 
coverts pale sulphur-yellowish, showing rather conspicuously beneath the carpal joint. Some examples have the 
feathers of the chest more markedly edged with yellowish than others. 
I his Bulbul is in a constant state of moult, affecting its plumage chiefly at the back of the neck, which part is often 
quite bare. 
Youmj. Iris not so bright a red as in the adult. Plumage similar. 
Obs. Two examples from South India measure in the wing 3'3 and 3‘4 inches respectively : one is identical with 
Ceylonese specimens, the other is tinged with rusty ; the throat and vent are more tinged with yellow than in my 
examples of our bird. 
Another Ixos from South India, found on the Eastern Grhats, is I. xantholeemus, Jerdon, the “ Yellow-throated Bush- 
Bulbul.” It has the head, face, and occiput dusky yellowish green, the chin and throat yellow ; hind neck and 
back ashy grey; wings and tail hair-brown, the margins of the feathers greenish; under surface pale brownish 
grey, mider tail-coverts yellow. An example in the British Museum measures in the wdng 3-15. 
A more closely-allied Bulbul to 1. luteolus is I. analis from Java. It has very much the appearance of our bird, but 
the lores and a ring round the eye are black, the supercilium is very broad and spreads at the back of the eye over 
the face and ear-coverts ; the brown of the upper surface is more ruddy than in luteolus, and the tail-feathers not 
margined with greenish ; throat w'hitish buff ; under tail-coverts and vent yellow ; the under surface greyish, the 
centres of the feathers on the chest brown. The wings of examples in the national collection measure from 3*4 
to 3*5 inches. I instance this species to show, as in the case of Cvinigev simjflex, how nearly allied the avifauna 
of Java is to that of Ceylon. 
Distribution. — ^Tliis soberly-clad and familiar bird is one of the commonest and best-known species in 
Ceylon ; it is very abundant in most parts of the low country both in the north and south of the island, 
and is especially so in the maritime districts. In the low jungle-covered tracts round the whole of the north 
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