PHYLLOEOTS MALABAEICUS. 
489 
In 1871 1 met with it in the Kukkiil Korale and afterwards obtained it in several parts of the island, and not 
nnfrequently saw it in others. These localities were forests near Galle, coffee-estates in the Morowak Korale, 
the Kandyan district, Uva, the Trincomalie, Anaradjapura, and Kuruncgala districts, and lastly in SafSragam 
and the Pasdun Korale. In the hills I have not seen it myself above 4000 feet. It will, I believe, he found 
throughout the northern half of the island wherever there are forests, and the same as regards the south- 
eastern jungle-clad plains. Mr. Parker writes me that he has found it at Uswewa. While at large this bird 
would, of course, be taken for the commoner species, as it is not distinguishable from it unless viewed close 
enough to see its yellow forehead. 
On the mainland this bird’s habitat is restricted to the southern and central portions of the Indian 
peninsula. I am not aware that it extends further north than Bombay ; and being partial to the damp climate 
of the Malabar region, it does not appear to extend nearly so far north on the eastern coast ; at any rate 
Mr. Ball, who procured P. aurifrons, the northern representative of this species, in the district between the 
Mahanadi and Godaveri rivers, did not meet with the present bird in that region. Dr. Fairbank writes that 
it is found along the hills from Khandala to Goa, and usually near their western base. In Travancore 
Mr. Bourdillon says that it is a common bird in open jungle with large trees. All that is mentioned of it 
by Jerdon is as follows ; — “This species is found most abundantly in the forests of Malabar, in Wynaad, 
Coorg, and on the sides of the Nilghiris up to about 4000 feet of elevation. It is also found, though rarely, 
on the Eastern Ghats and in some of the forests in Central India.” 
Habits . — In its economy this handsome Bulbul does not differ materially from the last species ; but it 
does not appear to be so much given to the science of mimicry ! I have found it frequenting the topmost 
branches and lateral boughs of moderately sized trees where the forest was not very dense, and also the 
outskirts of patna-woods and the borders of jungle sui’rounding tanks in the Northern Province. It is very 
active in its movements, and while hopping about and scrutinizing the leaves in search of food pipes out a 
shrill note, differing from the clear whistle of the last species. The male likewise gives vent to a series of chirps, 
which, combined, make up a short little warble. Of this performance Mr. Bourdillon remarks that the male 
makes an attempt to sing, uttering a few notes something like those of the Bronzed Drongo {Chaptia anea). 
Jerdon observes that it is “ seen in small parties, hopping and flying actively about the branches of trees, and 
lives both on fruits and insects, chiefly the latter.” 
Genus lOEA. 
Bill shorter and straighter than in Phyllornis, the tip slightly notched. Nostrils oval and 
exposed ; rictal bristles very minute. Wings rounded ; the 4th and 6th quills the longest, the 
3rd considerably shorter, and the 2nd less than the secondaries. Legs and feet weak ; the tarsus 
lengthened, equal to the middle toe and claw, and covered with wide smooth scales ; toes short, 
the outer one considerably joined to the inner at the base. 
Plumage of the lower back and flanks lengthened and fluffy. 
