CAEPOPHAGA iENEA. 
(THE IMPEEIAL GEEEN PIGEON.) 
Palumbus moluccensis, Briss. Om. i. p. 148. no. 41 (1760), “ ex Moluccis insulis.” 
Columha mnea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 283. no. 22 (1766) {ex Brisson). 
Columha sylmtica^ Tickell, J. A. S. B. 1833, p. 581. 
Carpopliaga cmea, G. K. Gray, Gen. of B. p. 468 (1844); Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 221; 
Wallace, Ibis, 1865, p. 383; Walden, Ibis, 1873, p. 314; Hume, Str. Feath. 1874, 
p. 260; Ball, t.c. p. 424; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 399; Salvador], Ucc. di Born. p. 290 
(1874) ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. 1875, ix. p. 215 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, iii. p. 496 
(1875) ; id. Str. Feath. 1875, p. 163 ; Ball, ibid. 1876, p. 235 ; Armstrong, f. c. p. 337 ; 
Inglis, ibid. 1877, p. 39 ; Ball, t. c. p. 418 ; Hume & Davison, ibid. 1878 (B. of Tenass.) 
p. 417 ; Ball, ibid. vii. p. 224; Hume, List Ind. B., ibid. 1879, p. 109. 
Carpophaga sylvatica (Tick.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 231 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodromus, 
Cat. p. 130 (1852); Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p, 455 (1864); Wallace, Ibis, 1865, p. 383 
(in part); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 148 ; Swinhoe, P.Z. S. 1871, p. 396 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 466 ; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 24. 
Carpophaga pusilla, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 232 (1849); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 58 ; Blyth, Ihis, 1867, p. 148 (in part). 
Pigeon Marnier des Molugues, Temm. ; Imperial Pigeon, Sportsmen in India ; Large Green 
Pigeon, Wood-Pigeon, Europeans in Ceylon. Bunkul, Boomkul, Sona kalutra, Burra 
harrial. Hind. ; Pogonnah, Malyalum ; Kakarani guwa, Telugu (Jerdon) ; Berg Buyven, 
Dutch in Ceylon (Layard) ; Mar atham prod, Tamils in North of Ceylon. 
Malta nila goya, lit. “ Large Green Pigeon,” Sinhalese ; also Matabatagoya, Sinhalese north 
of Kandy (Layard). 
Adult male and female. Length 15-5 to 16-2 inches ; wing 8-0 to 8-6, expanse 27‘0 ; tail 0-2 to 5-7 ; tarsus I'O to 1-1 • 
middle toe and claw 1-7 to 1‘75 ; bill to gape 1-3 to 1-35. 
Individuals of both sexes vary much in size. It is probable that some birds range beyond 8-6 inches in the wing. 
Lord Tweeddale gives the wing-measurement of three Ceylonese examples as 8-26. Mr. Hume states the average 
to be 8-0 ; this is, however, the minimum dimension ; 8-3 is about the average. 
Iris carmine-red ; eyelid arterial red ; bill with the basal part greyish green and the tip light bluish, sides of the 
lower mandible pimplish ; legs and feet dull lake-red, soles yellowish ; claws olive. 
Head, neck, throat, and rmder surface delicate bluish grey, purest on the chest and palest on the abdomen, and moi-e 
or less suffused with vinous grey about the face and on the hind neck and breast ; chin, foi-ehead close to base of 
bill, and an orbital circle whitish ; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings metallic green, with a bright coppery 
lustre, and pervaded with ashen when viewed against the light ; primaries deep plumbeous, suffused with green, the 
outer webs witli a greyish hue ; tail deep slaty green, the marghis and tips of the feathers being shining green, 
passing into obscure or slaty gi-een at the shafts ; lateral feathers paler than the rest ; under surface of tail 
yellowish grey and the shafts pale ; under tail-coverts liver-colour or deep chestnut ; thighs albescent internally, 
pale lilac, like the abdomen, externally; under wing-coverts slate-grey. 
Young. Immature birds are said to have the under tail-coverts paler than adults. Mr. Davison remarks that they 
are just as brightly glossed on the back, wings, and tail, but want the vinaceous tinge below. 
Ohs. The Imperial Green Pigeon (G. sylvatica) of India was long considered distinct from the Philippine and Malayan- 
Archipelago species G. (sned. The late Marquis of Tweeddale, however, after a comparison of a large series from 
