82 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
Africa, which contains a population of forty or fifty 
millions, slaves are sold at two or three pounds a head, 
The supply which that entire country would furnish is in- 
calculable and inexhaustible,” 
Now, a man who saw clearly that there are over six 
hundred million acres of land in the Southern States, and 
that a slave population of twenty million could not pro- 
perly cultivate one-fourth of it, would have no objection 
to the addittion of three and a half millions more except 
on the ground that it would augment the evils of the insti- 
tution. lis benefits Sive apparently unseen — nothing 
can possibly come from an increase of an intrinsically bad 
thing. 
This idea is shown in a foot note on page 49 as follows : 
^‘Professor Tucker estimates that the slave population of 
the United States, from natural increase, according to the 
ratio of its past multiplication, will, be in 1920, about 
41,000,000. If this be true, there will be negroes enough 
at that time for our posterity, and more, I fear, than they 
can safely manage. And but threescore years lie between 
that period and the present.” 
The United States Census for 1850 shows in its appen- 
dix, page 88, that the white population of the South in- 
creased in the preceding ten years at the rate of 34. 32 per 
cent.; while the increase of the slave population was 
28. 87 per cent. These official figures show that, from 
the immigration of white persons into the South from 
Europe and the free States, the increase of whites is 5.45 
per cent, greater than the increase of slaves. These 
figures refer solely to the ratio of increase. The positive 
increase of white laborers over slave laborers is nearly 
two to one, simply because the number of whites to breed 
from already in the South, added to the number of immi- 
grants, forms a double power of reproduction as compared 
with that of slaves. In 1850, the white population of the 
South was 6,222,418. The slave population was 3,204,- 
051. Facts prove that the power of fiee labor increases 
about twice as fast at the South as that of slave labor; and 
they have led the writer to fear, not that there will be too 
many negroes in sixty years, but relatively, so few in 
number, and these in so few hands, that voting nonslave- 
holders will easily send them out of all the States where 
slavery now exists. Hence, the writer has shown from 
time to time, that slaveholders act unwisely when they 
join the anti-slavery sentiment of England and the North- 
ern States in opposing an increase of the power and wealth 
of the South, by an increase of that productive labor 
which experience has shown to be so effective in its influ- 
ence on the commercial and manufacturing in lustry ofboth 
Europe and the United States. 
In the Patent Office Report for 1849, we have shown 
beyond dispute, that free agricultural labdr has damaged 
the soil of New York to ihe amount of more than one 
hundred million dollars ; but we should be ashamed to 
ascribe this injury to the abolition of slavary there some 
45 years ago. In Georgia, long arated fields have been 
impoverished by simi'ar agencies — not because slaves 
held the plows, but because the owners of the land saw 
fit to do as they have done. Now, many farmers are do- 
ing better in New York; and so are slaveholders in 
Georgia. Give the latter a constant increase of knowledge, 
cheap mules and cheap negroes, and all will yet come out 
right. 
Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultual 
Society, for the year 1858. From Eben. Wight, Cor- 
responding Secretary. 
This volume contains : Reports of the Committees on 
Gardens, Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, &c., and remarks 
on the culture of the Gladiolus, Japan Lily, Rose, Aster, 
Gloxinia, Achirmires, Native Plants, Strawberries, Cher- 
ries, Raspberries, Currants, Blackberries, Peaches, Plums, 
Grapes, Gooseberries, Apples, Pears, &c., &c. The 
transactions of this most useful Society are always full of 
interest^ and we do not remember any previous issue 
more so than the present. We are under obligations to 
Dr. Wight, for the copy before us. 
The Texas Almanac, for 1859. With Statistics, Histori- 
cal and Biographical Sketches, &c., relating to Texas. 
W. & D. Richardson, Galveston, Texas. 
This Almanac forms a thick pamphlet of over 200 pages, 
containing the following articles pertaining to Agricul- 
ture : The Wheat Region of Texas ; Agriculture in Texas; 
Corn and Cotton Crops in Texas; Corn, Cotton and Su- 
gar, etc.; Staple Crops on the Brazos bottom Lands; 
General Hints for every month in the year ; Sheep Rais- 
ing in Texas — several articles; Chinese Sugar Care; 
Sea Island Cotton ; &c., &c. Also a new Map of Texas, 
and a great amount of Statistical, Historical and Biogra- 
phical information ; sketches of the early settlement of 
the country, &c. We believe the cost of this Almanac is 
;^1 per mail, and every Texan should have it. Address : 
W. & D. Richardson, Galveston, Texas. 
The American Bee Keeper’s Manual; being a Practi- 
cal Treatise on the History and Domestic Economy of 
the Honey Bee, &c., &c. By T. B. Miner, Fourth 
Edition. 
The work of Mr. Miner, (which has been more fully 
noticed heretofore,) has long been a standard of reference 
on all matters connected with Bee management, and may 
be considered almost indispensable to all apiarians. It 
can be had per mail for ^1 00. Address A. O. Moore & 
Co , 140 Fulton St., New York. 
Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the Year 
1857. Agriculture. 
The volume on Agriculture for the year 1857, contains 
a number of interesting papers upon the progress of 
Agriculture in Russia, Prussia, and the United States ; 
some valuable reports on Domestic Animals, and other 
general information for Agriculturists. An agent has 
been employed by the Department for the purpose of 
visiting the Tea districts of China, for the purpose of 
collecting the seeds of the tea shrub and other plants with a 
vie w of introducing their cultivation into the United States. 
Investigations into the quantitative analysis of the Cotton 
plant, and the soils in which it grows, are being made by 
an able chemist, and also in reference to the amount of 
alcohol and saccharine matter in the Chinese Sugar Cane, 
and the nutritive properties of the Yam, the Potato, Chufa, 
