98 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
excellent variety, too tender for the middle States, but 
does well here. All vines are greatly benefitted by guano 
or poultry manure, applied in a liquid form, often, but not 
too strong. At the same time, also, sow Okra, Tomatoes 
and Egg Plants. Hill up Rhubarb. Asparagus will now 
begin to sprout ; do not suffer any to run up to seed, but 
cut all down. 
Watermelons may now be planted in hills 10 feet apart, 
using leaf mould, ashes and poultry manure liberally in 
the hill. There are so many different kinds and varieties 
that we will not undertake to decide as to the beet. 
Plant a full crop of English Peas, for a succession. For 
a late crop, we think the “Blue Imperial,” and the “Prus- 
sian Blue” the best ; when planted at the same time as the 
“Extra Early,” they will come in three weeks later. 
The Orchard and Fruit Garden. — Young trees, if 
properly planted and trimmed, will need no stakes ; but 
if they are inclined to blow about in the wind, tie them 
up to a firm stake with a stout and broad strip of cloth — 
tailor’s “listing” or selvedge” is excellent for one season. 
Should the spring be dry and warm, they must be imme- 
diate ly “mulched” heavily (as directed for Roses ielow,) 
and watered, through the mulching, from time to time. 
Do not delay the mulching beyond the middle of April, 
at all events. It is one of the most important operations 
connected with tree culture in the South. 
Spare the birds in your orchard and gardens — they are 
your best friends— they “pay their rent,” not only in 
music and in the delight which they afford the eye and the 
heart, but also in the destruction of myriads of rapacious 
insects. As a further protection against predatory insects, 
hang up a number of wide-mouthed bottles, half filled with 
molasses- water, in your trees — you ,vill catch a great 
number of them. 
The Flower Garden. — Propagate and set out Dahlias 
—plant the seeds of all hardy Annuals — mulch your 
Roses with a thick layer of leaves from the hollows of^ 
the woods, sprinkling a little soil over the mulching to I 
keep the wind from blowing it away — transplant Ever- 
greens of all kinds, just as the nevj growth is Qommencing — 
the only proper time. Clean up and roll your gravel 
walks — dress your borders — tie up all herbaceous flower- 
ing plants to stakes of cypress or China tree wood, and ' 
put everything in trim for the season. 
If Annual Flower seeds have uot been sown, do so at 
once; work the soil deep, and enrich it well— poultry 
njanure is excellent ; all Stocks and Gill Flowers are high- 
ly benefitted by it. 
A liECTURE ON HEREDITARY BEOOD IN 
Man and otlieT Mammalia 5 in tiie 
Univer!§ity of Georgia. 
BY DANIEL LEE, M-D., TERRELL PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURE. 
{Concluded from our March number, page G6.] , 
Whatever evils result from the intermarriage of first 
cousins are due mainly, if not exclusively, to diseases, 
and bodily deformities in parents, which are common to 
both sexes. Thus, if a father and mother alike inherit a 
scrofulous diathesis from their progenitors, the malady is 
likely to be somewhat intensified in their offspring. The 
congenital blood derived from both parents tends to the 
same tuberculous affection ; and as cousins are more often 
subjected to common antecedents than those not at all re- 
lated, it is easy to understand how more cases of dis- 
orders, both of body and mind, should sometimes exist 
in their children than those free from all parental con- 
sanguinity. Hence, more caution to avoid unhappy 
marriages is necessary where first cousins are disposed to 
wed, than in other cases ; because both may have some 
anatomical or functional defect in the brain, nerves, heart, 
or blood vessels, in the lungs, the organs of digestion, of 
secretion, or excretion, which forbid the parlies to inter- 
marry. But where both are healthy and sound in all re- 
spects, no injury whatever can follow their union. The 
propriety, or impropriety ofconsanguinous intermarriages 
is a matter for the parties most interested, and their 
friends to decide, and one in which no legislature has a 
right to interfere. It often happens that persons not at 
all related by blood being brought up in the same district, 
living much alike, and exposed to the same malerious 
poisons, or the same exciting causes of consumption, are 
strongly predisposed to the same maladies. In cases of 
this kind, the injuries from improper marriages are not 
less marked and permanent in their character than are 
injuries in the offspring of blood relations. Like produces 
like, not less where parents are not related by blood, tlian 
where they are so related. 
What is most needed is a knowledge of physiology 
that will enable the masses in all civilized communities, 
to remove from their blood, and especially that which is 
to become parental, every constitutional impurity and 
weakness. The art and science of preventing diseases in 
the human system, and in domestic animals, are matters 
of great importance. It is the office of the blood to repair 
the waste svhich is ever taking place in all parts of the 
body by the removal of elements no longer cap-^ble of sup- 
porting life. The sanguineous system also operates, with 
the aid of the lungs which are a part of it, to maintain 
that natural warmth of the body which is generally known 
by the name of animal heat This circulating fluid is not 
less active in conveying to the various outlets of the sys- 
tem aH effete substances to be separated from the living 
organism. Thus, the air expelled from the organs of res- 
piration, carries with it 100 times more carbonic acid gas 
gas than it contained when inhaled into the lungs. 
Much vapor also escapes into the atmostpliere in the same 
way. Sensible and insensible perspiration discharge 
through the pores of the skin fatty matter, nitrogenous 
oompounds, and various salts held in solution. The quan- 
tity of oi'ganic and inorganic elements removed through 
the function of the kidneys is still larger. The most im- 
portant elements in the feces of the mammalia, and es- 
pecially man, are derived, not directly from the food taken 
into the stomach which has never left the alimentary 
canal, but from matters poured into this lengthened or- 
gan near its outlet, from vessels adapted to rem.ove the 
waste tissues of the system. The great work of ever 
building up, and of ever taking down this wonderful 
living edifice, can not be seriously disturbed without af- 
fecting injuriously its vital fluids. Physiological science 
has disclosed the fact that when one takes into the 
stomach an excess of soluble, or of digestable, nutritive 
matter, this excess passes in part directly into the blood 
where it is not needed to repair any waste that exists, and 
where, by its presence, it creates an engorgement of the 
capillary tubes, and cells in the excretory, and other or- 
gans, giving rise to gout and other arthritic affections, to 
diseases of the liver, kidneys, ossifications of the heart, 
and causes the functional derangement of the brain and 
nerves. Far more systems are injured by improper eat- 
ing than by improper drinking. 
Not only is itposssible to pour into human blood an ex- 
cess of all the elements of nutrition, but every person is 
