SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 169 
ties at half and full maturity. At this last point of full 
ripeness, the result was, a yield in sugar of fifteen per 
cent, of its weight. During the formation and maturity 
of the grain, the saccharometer indicated that the juice 
had all the properties required for chyrstalization. 
“He attaches great importance to the drying or desic- 
ation of the cane, which is successfally practised, in pre- 
serving beet root, for the fabrication of sugar. The cane 
loses by this process seventy per cent, of its weight, but 
nothing of its sugar properties. It may thus be more 
readily transported, and manipulated at times of con- 
venience. 
“A comparison instituted by Mr. Leplay, of vine cul- 
ture and of the Sorghum, for the distillation of spirits, 
gives a result, in favor of the latter, three times greater 
than that of the vine. He values the production of Sor- 
ghum, on one hectare of land at two hundred and seventy 
dollars j and that of the vine at ninety dollars. A hectare 
is about two and a half acres. 
“This brief summary will show you what importance 
is attached to the Sorghum in France.” 
PLANTATION MANAGEMENT. 
TttE following “Hints and Observations,” by a Missis 
sippi Planter, are copied from DeBovj's Review for May : 
Manager : You have engaged me your entire services 
for the year, no portion of which are you justified in tak 
ing away by company, or absenting yourself, going to 
town or gatherings— for two important reasons : one, 
your time belongs to me; the other, your place is with 
the negroes. You then know what and how they are 
doing their work which you may think they could have 
done; by being with them, you may see the reason why 
they could not, or by a timely urging of them to their 
duty, avoid the necessity of punishment. By close at- 
tention to the interests of your employer, and the deter- 
mination, under no circumstances, to neglect the same, 
you may assuredly expect to raise yourself, not only in 
his estimation, but of all ihose needing the services of a 
good manager. 
TREATMENT OF NEGROES. 
You are not allowed to take hold of the negroes to whip 
them, nor to beat them with sticks or clubs, or in any 
other manner than the most usual, with the assistance of 
the driver and the other negroes. 
If he starts to run, and the other negroes will not stop 
him for you, let him go. 
I wish them well fed, and clothed suitable for all the 
seasons, and not unreasonably exposed to the weather, 
and moderately but steadily worked. My object being 
more for a fair crop than a large one ; in order to accom- 
plish this, it will be necessary for you to have, at all 
times, your work, for days ahead, carved out— not only 
for fair but for foul weather ; and above all, the best and 
most suitable tools in readiness, so there need not be one 
moment’s delay. And the better to arrange this, you 
must have a place for everything and keep everything in 
its place. 
One other thing I wish distinctly understood, my ne- 
groes are allowed to lay their complaints and grievances 
before me — of the justice and the remedy I will judge. 
To punish them for this, I will deem an insult to me, 
and you may consider your dismissal in preparation, and 
notice thereof will be given. 
QUARTER, 
Do you examine each cabin, to see if all are comforta- 
ble'? Aie the houses clean ; also the yards and under 
the cabins'? Do they keep their bedding and clothes 
clean, and have they mosquito bars 1 Have they n»en’y 
of wood, convenient to use in bad we.therl Ate the 
fireplaces and chimney-backs in good order '? Are all 
the cisterns full of water, and the pumps in good work- 
ing order 1 Be sure this is the case on the 15th day of 
March, then turn the gutters off, but so they will not be 
injured, but ready for use any moment. A full supply 
of pure water will go far to insure health, and under no 
circumstances should -what is called seapage water be 
used 
HOSPITAL. 
Are all your medicines fresh and suitable for all cases '? 
Do you keep them corked,, so they will not become 
worthless, and are all in their places'? Have you the 
house suitable for all seasons, both for men and the 
women 1 And do you visit the sick three limes a day 
in all cases, and in bad ones do you keep a special nurse, 
in addition to calling in a physician'? Prompt attention 
and good nursing will arrest many diseases that would 
otherwise prove fatal. 
CHILDREN. 
Their house must be comfortable; their nurse must be 
always with them; they must have plenty of suitable 
food in addition to meat, bread, vegetables, and broth, 
molasses and buttermilk, and at all times suitably clothed 
for the season. The mothers must not be overtasked, but 
allowed full time to give them proper care and attention, 
and, if possible, arrange their work near the quarter. 
This will save the risk of overheating in walking to and 
from work. 
STOCK. 
How many stock cattle have you '? How many cows 
and calves'? What attention do you give them, and 
what arrangements have your for their protection '? How 
many sheep have you, and where do they range, and 
have you any shelter for their protection'? How many 
stock hogs have you '? How many sows and pigs have 
you, and how do you take care of them'? Have you 
shelters to protect them from the rain and storms'? Do 
you give them corn once a day, and do you give hulled 
cotton seed regularly each day to all your hogs '? Good 
shelters for all your stock, kept clean and dry, will pro- 
tect them against the cold and sleet of winter, and enable 
them to make a vigorous growth in the spring. 
MULES. 
Do you crush your feed for them, corn and cob, and 
keep rock salt by them all the time '? How many curry- 
combs have you, and are they used I Have they free 
access to water, and how often do you feed them ] Do 
you ever put copperas or sulphur in their troughs '? Have 
they any pasture to run to when not at worki- Are 
they well protected from the weather, and have you good 
racks and troughs for their food '? A few acres in rye or 
winter oats, and the occasionally steaming their food, 
will go far to keep them in good order, and save your 
corn at least twenty- five per cent. 
WORK-SHOPS. 
Have you sufficient shelter and house room for all your 
tools, wagons, carts, &c., and do you keep them in their 
places I Have you plenty of well-seasoned timber, suitable 
for all your farm work during the next twelve months, to 
wit: plow-beams, plow-handles, harrows, wagon-bodies, - 
axle-trees, spokes, hounds,~fellies, and hubs'? Have you 
suitable iron, for all work, three months ahead, and have 
you the work under way for the season just ahead of you'? 
Do you know how many collars, hamrs, trace-chains and 
back bands you have, and are al! in their place, ready 
for use when called for 1 Have yon i.- ide out a list of all 
theTarm implements and tools you !ia\ e during the las three 
months, and do you know the tools, su h as axes, wedges, 
hoes. (Szc , ea< h negro Ivss, anfl how I.e lost or disposed 
of the i s: e.r.e.s he had ? .^re the boxes in any of your 
