244 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR, 
rows two to three feet apart and the plants, especially 
those of the large growing kinds, two feet in the row; 
the smaller growing kinds may be planted at less distance; 
but the rows must not be less than two feet apart. As 
soon as the first runners make their appearance, they must 
be cut off, unless many plants are required for after plant- 
ing, but iflefi it will be to the detriment of the following 
years’ crop. The space between the rows, in large culti- 
vation, may be worked with a coulter-plow, stirring the 
ground deeply, and followed by the hoe ; care must be 
taken not to injure the roots of the plants, neither to scrape 
the ground from them, or to hill them up ; a perfect level 
working is always the best ; frequent workings are 
necessary to insure a fair return, and the ground must be 
kept dean. A top dressing of leaves, straw, etc., is 
highly beneficial, put on the ground before the berries be- 
gin to ripen. In autumn, a coat of fine manure must be 
spread over the beds and worked in well'; agood autumn 
manuring and thorough working is necessary. 
The second year after setting out, and after the plants 
have produced their crop of fruit, allow two or three run- 
ners to remain on each plant and lay them in the row so 
as allow the young plants to strike roots in the intervening 
spaces. In the fail recommence, as in the former year, by 
spreading manure upon the ground and remove all the 
old plants, only leaving those of the years* growth, and 
thin them out to the required distances. By pursuing 
this operation the beds are continually renewed at little 
trouble and will always insure a full crop of fruit. Plants 
set out in October and November, will bear remunerating 
crops the following April; if planted in the spiing, the 
crop is lighter. 
The blossoms of the Strawberry are of two kinds, and 
by some classed into four, but it has generally been the 
custom to divide them into two main divisions, although 
there is a third class, having both organs perfect. The 
first class is the male plant, or Staminate ; the second, the 
female, or Pistilate The third, combining both organs, is 
called perfect or Hermaphrodite In order to gather a full 
crop of fruit it is necessary to plant both classes in proxim- 
ity to each other unless only hermaphrodite plants are 
used. It has been conceded to use only two terms, one 
pistilate and the other stamitate or hermaphrodite, allow- 
ing the two last appelations to define one class of flowers. 
The proportion of plants relative to sexes has not been 
agreed upon, but a good average is four pistillates to one 
staminate. Care must be taken to cut the runners from 
the staminates oftener than off the others, as having 
very little fruit to produce, will soon overrun all the 
others and destroy the feitility of the beds. 
In planting in rows, plant four rows of pistilates; allow 
more width lor the fifth row, which plant in staminates, 
and so on alternately.* In all cases where a large yield 
of fruit is expected, carefully cut off the runners at least 
four times during the growing season. 
The family of Stawberries is divided in six classes, dis- 
tinct from each other by their growth, form, color and 
size of leaves, and by the quality, shape and size of fruit. 
First. Common Wood, (type of which is Fragaria 
Vesca) has light serated, small foliage ; flowers small and 
always hermaphrodites; berries round or oblong, red or 
*We would suggest a better plan than planting in rows, 
viz: the planting of Staminates and Pistilates in separate 
beds — one small bed of Staminates between every two beds 
of Pistillates, and separated therefrom by a 4 foot walk or 
alley. See Catalogue of “Fruitland Nursery,” or Novem- 
ber number Southern Cultivator (1858), page 348, for a 
diagram of this method. — E ds. 
white. This class comprises the and ; some 
as the Bush Alpines are destitute of runners. 
Second. Green or Star, {Fragaria hetrophylla ). — 
Foliage small, dark green; flowers small hermaphrodites; 
calyx close set upon the berries and forming a star; fruit 
small, round, whitish green. Not much cultivated, being 
more a curiosity than a good fruit. 
Third. Pines {Fragaria Caroliniana ). — Foliage very 
large ; flowers large, pistilates and staminates ; calyx 
closely set upon the fruit; berries large, round or oblong, 
red, scarlet, pink or white. 
Fourth. Scarlets Fragaria Canadensis ). — Foliage 
very large, pale and bluish green ; flowers small and me- 
dium, pistilate and staminate, berries medium, sometimes 
large, scarlet, early and produced upon slender stalks ; 
calyx set close; seeds deeply set. ' 
Fifth. Chili {Fragaria, Chilensis ). — Foliage silky, 
dark, grows generally lower than the other classes ; flow- 
ers large, both sexes. Plants easily distinct from other 
classes by the peculiarity that the berries are turned up- 
wards when maturing, being the reverse of the other 
classes. 
Sixth. Hautbois {Fragaria Elatior) — Foliage light 
green, large, woolly, petioles straight, strong ; flowers 
medium of both sexes ; calyx turned up ; berries large, 
round or irregular, dark red, peculiar flavor, musky. 
Of the varieties which we have proved the past season, 
I will only describe the following. (P. means Pistillate ; 
H. Hermaphrodite or Staminate) : 
Black Prince. — (P.) — Berries very large, conical, al- 
most black at maturity, seed few, large, flesh solid, blood 
red, with a high, musky flavor; very prolific. 
Crimson Cone. — (P.) — Medium, oblong conical, crim- 
son, good flavor; very productive. 
Jenny Lind. — (H.) — Early bearer, large berries, coni- 
cal, scarlet, high flavor ; prolific. 
Jenny's Seedling . — (P ) — Medium to large, very pro- 
lific. 
Genesee. — (H.) — Large, conical, necked, bright scarlet, 
early ; good. 
Hovey's Seedling. — (P.)— Large, oval or conical, deep 
scarlet ; seeds slightly imbedded; rich, high flavor; pro- 
ductive when properly fertilized.' 
Large Early Scarlet . — (H ) — Much valued for its earli- 
ness, and an excellent fertilizer. 
Longworlh's Pndific. — (H.) — Large, round, very hand- 
some and productive ; good flavor. 
Monroe Scarlet. — (P.) — A very good, light red, berry, 
good flavor and prolific. 
McAvoy's Superior — (P.) — Very large, longer conical ; 
good flavor and productive. 
Pennsylvania — (P ) — Large, good flavor, peculiar foli- 
age. 
Walker's Seedling.— {R ) — Medium, very dark, large 
calyx and high flavor; very prolific. 
Wilson's Albany .—{R)— Much has been said about 
this variety, and it comes up to its reputation in every 
respect. It is, undoubtedly, the most prolific of all Straw- 
berries, combining size and quality. Perhaps in some 
localities it will prove too acid. Its productiveness pre- 
vents it from making many runners. 
Wardlaw . — (H )— An excellent Southern berry, very 
early and prolific ; a very good market variety ; berries 
medium, scarlet and high flavored. 
Many new varieties have, undoubtedly, merits, but the 
above may be considered as the most valuable- for their 
yield, size and quality. We received, last spring, a seed- 
ling variety from Mr R Harwell, Mobile, which is called 
“Mary Stuart,” and has, so far, proved very large and of 
first quality. S^'veral of the new foreign varieties are well 
fitted for amateur culture. We will mention as among 
the best : La R' ivc, Sir Adair, Kitley's Carolina Svperba, 
