‘■258 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
Stake off your land the proper distances, and dig holes 
siic feet across and two feet deep, throwing the surface 
moold on one side and the subsoil on the other. Rake 
Into the bottom of the hole a bushel or more of the siir- 
-rounding loose, top soil, leaves, &c.; fillup to the proper 
rkeight with the surface soil first thown out, and plant 
yo«r tree carefully, heaping up the subsoil slightly about 
fifce trunk and over the roots, to allow for the natural set- 
4 £in 2 of the earth. Your tree being now planted and fur- 
-stisbed with a supply of food in the hole, immediately 
■^ithinlts reach, the after culture may be as follows: The 
sffrst spring, early, plow and cross-plow the young orchard 
long rooters, keeping beyond the holes in which the 
isScees are planted, and carefully avoiding all injury to the 
?'!r«nk or branches. Sow Cow Peas broadcast in the open 
space between the trees, and keep the earth loose and 
'^mellow about the roots with a pronged hoe. If mulching 
gasateria! can be obtained, apply it thickly after the first 
C^ioing, as far as the roots of the trees extend. This will 
« 3 bviate the necessity of any further working for the sea- 
.3CK1, When the Peas ripen, pick and save them, turning 
&ke vines under, and sow another crop, to be gathered in 
Che same manner. These repeated plowings and cros.s- 
plowitjgs, with the abundant supply of nutritive matter 
iffjarnished by the decomposing Pea vines, and an oocasion- 
45.1 dressing of ashes, will insure the most' vigorous and 
isealthy growth of the trees, and force them into early and 
gicolific bearing. Other low crops, such as Sweet Potatoes 
fOLnff Pindars, may afterwards be grown profitably in the 
-^Kchard, and the vines returned to the soil as above re- 
ocKumended. We confidently recommend a trial of this 
^ian to those who desire the quickest and most satisfac- 
fim:y return for their labor in fruit raising, and who have 
€50 old land elevated enough, or otherwise suitable. No- 
Dem-ber and December are the best months for planting 
Ccees. Particular directions for planting Trees, Grape 
^ines, &c., in our next. 
AGRICUIiTURAIi COLIiEGES. 
Tast experience has taught us that the people of the 
.South will do their duty as to the education of their chil- 
iicoa, so far as they understand in what that duty cou- 
sins. It is not unusual to hear them spoken ofdisparag- 
irtgly in connection with this subject. They are some- 
times charged with indifference to the great cause of edu- 
sEJitioa, This is both an error and an injustice. In its re- 
LstlGn;te the poorer classes, the subject of general educa- 
tion is- environed with great difficulty. A thinly scattered 
isj^iiite population and a dense black population, are the 
relief causes of this difficulty. For the last 20 or 30 years 
grave and thoughtful attention on the part of our most 
distinguished men has been devoted to this important sub- 
I ectj'but, as yet, without satisfactory results. 
,Xhe attention bestowed upon the establishment of 
s 2 chools of a high order for the instruction of youth of both 
apexes /has been extraordinary. Not so much in the 
amount of, patronage bestowed by our Legislatures as in 
i^ie ’liberlffty of private donations. It is customary to 
;p>raiEe the attention given in New England to education. 
'The praise is not undeserved. Yet we very much doubt 
af there be a State in New England, in which the private 
.soKtributions to the cause of education have been as liber- 
within the last 30 years as in the State of Georgia, In 
SL Lecture before the Historical Society, the venerable Presi- 
dent of our State University stated that within a very 
years upwards of ^GOO, 000 had been contributed by 
private persons in Georgia to the cause of education. This 
lecture was delivered prior to the establishment of any of 
the Female Colleges of the State, possibly with the ex- 
ception of the College at Macon. There are now 17 of 
these Female colleges in Georgia. With the additional 
institutions for the instruction of males, we cannot doubt 
that more than S600,000 have been contributed to this 
cause since the period to which we have referred, Per- 
hap.san equal attention has been given to the sUbject of 
education in the other Southern States — we have not the 
means of information as to what has been done in them. 
Sufficient regard has been paid to the creation of Semi- 
naries for collegiate and professional education. Possibly 
this attention may have been in excess — not as to the 
amount given, but as to the number of institutions estab- 
lished. If the friends of the different male colleges, es- 
pecially the religious bodies by which the most of them 
are controlled, will consider the amount of the invest- 
ment and the number of pupils and then count the cost to 
that body of each graduate, they will be surprised and 
may be lead to inquire if this large expenditure of pri- 
vate munificence may not be made to affect a greater num- 
ber of youth. 
As a means of preparation for professional life or elegant 
leisure our institutions are, perhaps, all that could be ex- 
pected. They are built on the old models and to ac- 
complish a purpose which remains unchanged in the 
flight of years. 
The great truths of Christianity are the same “yester- 
day, to-day and forever.” They are unchangeable as 
' their author. The fundamental principles of law, which 
has been called the “Harmony of the Spheres” — of law, 
which governs the planets and the mote in the sunbeam, 
and which, in its elucidation, application and improve- 
"ment in the complicity of human affairs, has engrossed so 
large a share of human intellect, are also immutable. The 
human body in its essential features in all time has sub- 
mitted to but minor modifications. Ethical and mental 
science are subject ever to the same unchanging rules. 
The pages of Grecian and ' Roman eloquence are the un- 
altered embodiments of the intellectual strength of the 
great masters of antiquity. As the end in view in classi- 
cal and professional education is unchanged, the course 
of education remains unchanged 
But the business of the world is ever changing. New 
countries and new climates are being opened up to civil- 
ized man. New articles of commerce are brought into 
use and unaccustomed commercial relations established. 
V/ithin this century new sciences have been born and 
some of them matured. Extraordinary practical appli- 
cations of the useful arts have been made. Information 
is more indispensable to success in many of the most im- 
portant pursuits, the necessity for which thirty years 
since did not exist. As a consequence, the education 
which fits for literary or professionol life does not neces- 
sarily prepare for the stirring occupations of the present 
day. Yet, academic and collegiate education has not 
changed, Latin and Greek and Greek and Latin are 
still as prominent and are as industriously flogged into 
our sons now as they were flogged into our ancestors at 
Eton or Westminster 150 years ago. 
We do not wish to be regarded as an enemy to the 
