322 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
bones, soap suds, dead leaves, decaying vegetables, &c., 
and make up into compost heaps for future use. Plow 
and subsoil your ground for the planting of young orch- 
ards, and provide a supply of roots and stocks for the 
propagation of all new and desirable varieties of Fruit 
adapted to our Southern climate. Recollect, that all ma- 
nure should be worked in deeply, fresh stable manure in 
particular. Clean out all trash in the fence corners and 
other places ; put it in heaps, well mixed with stubbie ma- 
nure, and have the corniDost ready for spring use. 
All Flower bulbs, such as Hyacinths, Tulips, Amaryl- 
lis, Gladiolus, Peonias, and others, should now be planted. 
Th3 Strawberry Patch.— See remarks in October, 
number, on soil, planting, &c,, and after the plants have 
become well rooted, cover the whole ground w'ith partly 
decomposed leaves from the forest, or even chopped up 
pine or broom straw, leaving nothing exposed but the 
leaves and fruit-stalks of the plants. 
THE KELATION OF EAND TO EABOR. 
Ix a previous number of this journal %ve have present- 
ed some views on this subject, based chiefly upon the 
developments of the “Transactions of the New York Agri- 
cultural Society.” 
In the present condition of Southern Agriculture, we 
do not need so much an increase of labor, as a wise di- 
rection of that which we possess. For instance, if Mr 
Gentry, of Missouri, has under fence and causes to pay 
an annual return of eight dollars per acre, three thousand 
flve hundred acres of land, with 18 laborers, how much 
land could one of our large cotton planters use 1 And, if 
land in the same proportion to labor, that is, 200 acres to 
the band, were used throughout the South generally, how 
much of our dead capital would begin to pay an increased 
interest to the landholder and an increased tax to the 
State 1 
We have no idea, pratically, at the South, how much 
land a small force can render valuable. Oar land is a 
drug. Our labor is expensive. It is our policy to use as 
much as possible of the former and as little as possible of 
the latter. Yet our system precisely inverts this order— 
we use much labor and little land. We use less land to 
the hand than where land is worth 200 to 500 dollars an 
acre. 
The State Agricultural Society of New York annually 
appoints a committee to examine and report upon the farms 
which are offered in contest for the premiums. Besides 
the report of the Committee, the statements of the proprie- 
tors are made under oath and with minuteness. We 
have previously made some extracts from former volumes 
of the Transactions, showing the amount of labor be- 
stowed upon the farms in competition, together with the 
gross re-sults of sales. 
"We propose to continue these extracts from the admir- 
ible and most instructive volume recently sent us. We defy 
vn intelligent planter to read them without finding some 
new and unaccustomed thoughts passing through his 
mind : 
CHEESE DAIRY FARMS 
J. S. Jackson’s farm. 165 acres — 40 acres woodland — 
3 acres in roads. Gross sales, ^5, 567 58. Labor, S712. 
This includes the farmer’s own labor, his family labor 
and hired help with their board. The number of acres 
worked with the plow Is but fifteen. Among other items 
of product are 117 tons of hay at $9 per ton— Si, 053.00. 
This would be worth, any where in Georgia near a town 
on line of Railroad at S20 per ton — S2,390. Cheese 10,331 
pounds at 7 1-2 cts — S774 82. This value would be 
doubled in Georgia — certainly in the interior of the State. 
Butter, 1112 pounds at 22 cents— S244 64. The stock 
kept upon this farm are 4 horses, 46 cattle, 27 sheep and 
5 hogs. This farm took the first premium. 
Norman Gowdy’s Farm. Two hundred and fifty acres 
-*13 acres in woods. Gross sales, $5,055.69. Paid for 
labor with board, $838, Ffty two acres in plowed crops, 
as wheat, &c. — 70 acres in mowing land — 115 acres in 
pasture. Sheep, “none — near a village exposed to dogs.” 
Nine head of horses — seven hogs, average weight 250 lbs. 
Fifty-three head of cattle, 
ECTTER DAIRY FARMS, 
J. C. Collins’ farm. One hundred and fifty acres — 
90 acres cleared — 60 acres in woods pasture. Gross re- 
sults, $5,988 60. Labor, including the farmer and his 
family with hired help and board, $626. Horses, 4— 
cattle, 48— sheep, 9— Hogs, 10. One hundred and fifty 
tons of hay at $7 per ton— $1,050— would be w^th, in 
Georgia, $3000. Four thousand five hundred pounds of 
butter at 21 1-2 cents — $967 50. 
GRAZING FARMS. 
L. D, Clift’s farm. One hundred and sixty acres. Of 
this farm the Committee say : “This farm is situated upon 
a tract originally exceedingly rugged. During the 44 
years since Mr. Cleft came upon it, he has devoted him- 
selfentirely to its amelioration ; and has, at an immense ex- 
oenditure of labor (mostly that of his own hands) suc- 
ceeded, in a very commendable degree, in overcoming the 
obstacles with which he had to contend,” Twenty-eight 
acres are under the plow — eight in wood, and the remain, 
der in meadow and pasture. Gross results, $8,355.75. 
Paid for labor, $500. Two horses. Sold 68 head of fat 
catle. 
GRAIN FARMS UNDER FIFTY ACRES. 
Solomon Walrath’s farm. Thirty-five acres. Gross 
results, $1,032 38. Cost of farm labor not specified. Stock 
cattle, 15 — horses, 2. Sold 1,100 pounds of butter from 
seven cows. 
GRAIN FARMS OVFR FIFTY ACRES, 
Lewis Sherill’s farm. One hundred and eighty aorea 
of rolling land. Gross results, $3,921. Worked by the 
farmer himself. Five cows, 42 head of cattle, 12 hogs, 
1250 pounds butter and 1000 pounds of cheese from 10 
cows. Corn, 50 bushels per acre — wheat, 25— oats, 40 — 
barle)'-, 20 bushels. This farm was originally so infested 
with stones that it is entirely fenced with stone walls, 
taken from the land and divided into fields of from 8 to 
18 acres. 
These statements are extraordinary. In view of <mr 
