m 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
SSiates. We have no doubt tliat both the Carp and Tench 
succeed fully as well with us us in the most favor- 
• aaie, parts of southern Europe.'* *' 
In the lower ponds we have only a single fish to recom- 
' 53£end, as admirably adapted to all the purposes of a pro- 
• d'Kctive iisli pond. We refer to what is familiarly called 
vJtK Carolina the fresh water Trout (G/ i/sle.s salinoidcs). It 
-should be observed that this very superior lish'is Hot a true 
' but is more nearly related to the Bass. It occupies 
• &:g;enus by itself, to v/hich it is fully entitled. It is car- 
I .siworousto a certain extent — feeding on fish — but we have 
r.irbundits stomach distended with Cray fish, dragon flies, 
and other insects, and a number of Crustacea 
• a-ad minute shell fish. We, however, recommend its be- 
' kept separate from the Perch pond, as the last indi 
we examined had among the contents of its stoin- 
• .ach, iwtonly a number of insects, but a whole Perch of 
species described by Holbrook as Ccnirar chits iride- 
The true Trout {Salmo) are all natives of cold cli- 
' afiatefi. We have, in the Northern parts of our continent, 
if .sSiGludmg the shores of the Pacific and Atlantic, 37 species 
j afcat are described ; one only, the brook Trout, is found 
> Seoth-ofiPeratsylvania, and exists only in the cold streams 
' ssuing'frotn the highest mountains of our Southern States. 
''Tar Weakfish of the oc,&o.n {OLoUthus regodis) : the Sea 
or Deep Water Trout {Otolithus Ihala.ssi/nus) ; the 
<^lCastard Trout (0‘a/'i7Aws?ii3^'ias), and the so called Sal- 
■■ Trout {OLoLithvs caroLinemis) ; all existing in the 
isait waters near Charleston, are also called Trout, and in- 
5oed, resemble the Trout more nealy than the present 
s^«!ieeies ; but they are, by their organization, far removed 
rresa the true trouts. Ours is an exclusively Southern 
.^■esh water fish not existing north of Virginia. We have 
^saten k at all seasons of the year and consider it the finest 
-gavored fresh water fish in the United States, with the ex- 
ception of the Brook Trout We have, indeed, at certain 
£?s&90iris, preferred it to the Brook Trout. It is, also, a 
'lasTgec and more accessible fish and more successfully 
laised in ponds. ♦ 
We would reject from the fish pond every species of 
•'^t-^Fish; the Gar-Fish (Lepidosteus)\ our low-country 
Mud Fish {Amia calva), whose strength and weight of 7 
deal destruction with hooks, lines and fishing-rods 
v/ho, like the Frenchman’s fox, is good for nothing 
■ after it has been caught, and last, though not least, our 
lack Fish, who is so nearly related to the Northern Pike 
will here give a hint to the lovers of the sport 
Trout fishing in Carolina and Georgia, for which 
ought to thank us. The bait fish, the Minnows 
festid Stone Toaters, have become almost as scarce as 
!fes Trouts. They have now often to send five miles 
■ jsisd waste half of a day in catching a few fishes which 
-jsrowith difficulty preserved alive; and many a keen 
^sSisciple-of Gld Walton returns home disappointed, be- 
< Ttause his bait is out. We advise them to construct a circu- 
llac pond of from twenty to an hundred feet in diameter, fed 
by a small perpetual stream. Have a small island in the 
.tos®4re which gradually sloping off into the pond must be 
f pkfited on its edges with pond lillies and water grasses 
the fish will deposit their eggs. Place a railing 
- sfiseund the outer circle where the water is deepest say 4 
5 feet. Place a dozen Gold Fishes ( Cyprinus auratus) 
the water to multiply. These will afford an abundance 
■ of featt. They are as tenacious of life as an eel. They 
• be kept alive on the hook for many hours. The large 
will let all other species pass, and dart at the gold 
We recently saw, in a couple of tanks, in Charles- 
t 8 feet in diameter, a large number of gold fish, 
the proprietor (Mr. Simmons) informed us that he had 
ri-aieed a thousand young ones. They are also bred in 
.-^^s^eral other places in the city. 
{E.<tx) that it has usually been mistaken for the same 
species. Jt is figured by Holbrook, and we will leave 
him to .select a name and describe it. It is a smaller fish 
than tlie Northern Pike, as we have not found any speci- 
men weighing above three and a half pounds ; the head 
also is proportionably longer in the Southern than in the 
Northern specie.s. In the Trout pond we would place any 
quantity ofour smaller species of Minnows, Silver Fish, 
btc., that -go under various queer names, to which may be 
added the Perch, recently figured by Holbrook, and named 
CciUrarckus iridnis, which may always be known by a 
dusky spot on the dorsal fin. All these may serve as 
food for our Trout. We observed, where the seine had 
been hauled in our small ponds, one of our species of 
Sucker {Calostomiis aMongiis) that multiplies rapidly — 
these, when young, would also afford sustenance to the 
so-called Trout. 
Some idea may be formed of the endless confusion that 
has crept into our nomenclature by giving different 
names to the same species in different localities in enu- 
merating that given to our Trout. This fish was named 
by Smith in his notice ot Virginia “White Salmon;” in 
Carolina it is called “Trout;” in DeK.ay’s report “the 
Grow’ler;” in the Southwest the “Green Bass,” and, if we 
are not much mistaken in our conjectures, the “James 
River Chub,” alluded to in a sensible article on Fishponds 
that appeared in the Pendleton Farmer — all refer to one 
and the same species. We know of no Chub in America 
among the 38 described species that weighs even the fourth 
of “fifteen pounds.” Our Trout is sometimes found of 
that weight and even heavier ; but we would prefer using 
it when it has attained to the weight of between two and. 
four pounds. Very large fishes are like old swine — less 
tender and more expensive feeding than those that are 
younger. 
In the higher mountains of our Southern States, where 
the Brook or Specked Trout exists, fish ponds might be 
constructed exclusively for this small representative of the 
Salmon family. In this case, however, the stream which 
supplies the pond should not be obstructed, as the Trout runs 
up these streams in autumn for the purpose of depositing 
its spawn. The hotels erected for the accommodation 
summer travellers, could be easily supplied by this means 
with that delicious little fish — the Brook Trout. At 
Heidelberg and several other parts of Germany, Tro»t 
ponds are held in high estimation — the fishes are fed and 
served up as a choice dish to travellers. We, many years 
since, saw, in a small enclosure of water, at the Moravia* 
Settlement, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where the Trout, 
caught in the neighboring streams, were placed in this 
pond, to be fed and served up on the tables of the visk*^ 
ors. 
4 . What mode can be recommended as the most Ukely ta 
be successful in stocking a fish pond 7 
Those who have read the process of transporting fishes 
by spawn, as given us in the little work alluded to above, 
might be induced to suppose that the spawn of fishes 
could, by this means, be successfully and with great fa- 
cility, transported to any distance. We have, however, 
in the investigation of other subjects in Physiology and 
in endeavoring to account for some stange phenomena in 
nature, had considerable experience in the examination of 
this process, from time to time, during the last fifty years. 
The following difficulties ought not to be overlooked: Th« 
ova and the milt must both be in a matured state, or they 
will certainly be unproductive. To draw a seine through 
a pond — cut out the spawn and milt from the captured 
fish where neither the male or female spawn had arrived 
at perfect maturity would be like extracting a soft egg 
from a hen and submitting it to the hatching process under 
the expectation of producing a chicken. The milt of the 
male is hard, and only becomes fluid at the spawning time. 
