SOUTHEEN CULTIVATOR. 
99 
These difficulties would at once be remedied by the scien- 
tific planter ; but the man ignorant of what science has 
revealed — not knowing what is needed in the first in- 
stance ; or how to disengage the ingredients held in com- 
bination in the second, and put them in such form as will 
enable the plant to take hold of and apply them, his hopes 
of plenty, in either case, are doomed to disappoiniment. 
He tries again and again, and finally despairing of suc- 
cess, he tears himself away from the home of his child- 
hood and goes to seek some better soil. Thus is South 
Cai'olina, and all the old Southern States, annually depri- 
ved of valuable citizens and large amounts of capital, 
simply because we have not learned to apply science to 
agriculture. 
In the last “Census Report,” the number born in South 
Carolina and now residing within her limits, is stated to 
be 26*2,160; while the number born in the State and now 
residing out of it, is 176,479. Allowing each one to have 
carried with him the small sum of Si 00, and the capital 
lost to the State reaches the enormous sum of S 18,647,900. 
I need not dwell upon the consequences attendant upon 
such a loss of capital, to say nothing of the loss of inhabi- 
tants, which, according to the last apportionment, would 
have entitled us to two additional representatives in Con- 
gress. But we are' told that our land is exhausted. It 
would be somewhat astonishing, in view of the system of 
Agriculture heretofore pursued, if it was not. If through 
io-norance w’e have exhausted the soil, let us hasten under 
the light of science to renovate it. How shall this light be 
made to shine upon our people I Give it in charge to our 
energetic young men. Send them forth well instructed in 
Agricultural Chemistry, and we may then expect as con- 
fidently as we anticipate the rising of tc-morrow’s sun, 
to see a wise application of fertilizers, and a thorough 
system of renovation, which will make our “old fields” 
resemble, in fertility, the far-famed lands of the-West. 
Our people will then remain at home, our population 
will increase, the barren places will blossom as ihe rose, 
and happiness and prosperity will be multiplied within 
our borders. I appeal to you, gentlemen of the Board of 
Visitors, to establish such .a Department in the Citadel 
Academy. 
Good Horse Feed. — Mixed crops of grain, under the 
name of “meslins,” have been common in some sections, 
and have been profitable. A correspondent of the Rural 
Neio Yorker relates the following. We should think the 
crop would make excellent horse or cattle feed, ground ; 
“I had a conversation with a man lately, who was an ex- 
perienced farmer, having farmed both in this State (N. Y.) 
and in Ohio, and his manner of raising horse feed was 
this: I take about 2 1-3 bushels of oats, and mix them 
with one bushel of rye, and sow this amount to the 
acre. The rye will support the oats in case of a 
heavy growth, and prevent lodging. In this man- 
ner I have raised sixty, and even seventy bushels to the 
acre. 
JAPAN PEA. 
Several years ago we received this bean, (wrongly 
called a pea,) from a coriespondent in Europe, who spoke 
of it as something new in the le^uviinous way. Since then 
it has been distributed by the Patent Office, and highly re- 
commended for domestic use and as food for stock. This 
season we have grown it in sufficient quantity to test its 
value for either purpose. Unless it possesses hidden vir- 
tues it is not worth cultivating, and may be classed with 
the number of horticultural humbugs lately imposed upon 
the public desire for novelty. 
The Japan bean grows 2 to 3 feet high ; the stalk is 
quite woody, with few side branches ; the legumes or pods 
are produced in twos and threes at the axles of the leaves ; 
each legume contains two or three small round beans the 
size and shape of a “Tom Thumb Pea,” and the flavor is . 
not unlike that pea when fully ripe ; the legumes are 
covered over with a stiff fuzz. Although this bean may 
be planted early in the spring, it will not mature before 
late in the fall, showing that our seasons are too short for 
its growth It is totally unfit for food while green, and 
not superior to the common pea , wlicn ripe. Animals 
have no relish for the stalks, especially after the fruit is 
ripe: and when we consider that it is a great impoverish- 
er of the soil, it is an injury to cultivate it as a crop. 
^Pittsburg Western Horticulturist. 
PREPARING PAINTS. 
The following recipes, prepared by a practical painter 
for the Due West Telegraph, will be found useful:. 
1. To Boil Oil. — In boiling oil, never fill your kettle 
more than two-thirds, or it may run over and take fire. 
Place your kettle on the coals, simmer your oil till it will 
scorch a feather, when it will be fit for use. 
2. To Grind Paint. — Put yonr paint on a large flat 
stone, with a smooth face, wet your paint with oil, and 
grind until fine. Be careful to grind fine, or there will be 
a waste of the paint, and your work will not look well. 
3. A Mixture for Drying PoAnt. — Take 8 ounces of 
sugaraof lead, 8 ounces of red lead, 8 ounces of litharge, 
4 ounces of umber ; make fine; put them into a gallon of 
oil and simmer one hour ; then strain ; pour in one pint 
of spirits of turpentine. Add one gill to one quart of paint 
to make it dry fast. 
4. Painting on Wood. — In any kind of painting your 
paint must be of the proper consistency, your wood clean 
and smooth, and you must have a proper brush, or you 
cannot do good work. It is as necessary that a painter 
have good tools as any other mechanic, to enable him to 
make a good job. 
5. To Paint a House White. — Mix foui; quarts of lin- 
seed oil with one keg of white lead, thoroughly. Com- 
mence at the top, and paint six or eight boards at once 
through, using great care to lay the paint even and smooth. 
In putting on three coats, make the second the thickest, 
adding a little Prussian blue to the last coat to make the 
white more clear. Be careful not to use too much blue. 
Putty all the holes and cracks before the last coat is ap- 
plied. 
6. Cream Color. — Add finely ground chrome yellow to 
white paint (see No. 5), a little at a time till the shade 
pleases you. You must add yellow every coat to have a 
good finish. 
7. Lead Color. — Add finely ground lamp-black to white 
paint (No. 5) till the color suit you. 
8. Blue Paint. — Prepare a sufficient quantity of white 
paint, then add finely ground Prussian blue in oil. Add 
a little at a time until the color is light or dark, as you may 
want the shade. 
9. Black. — In preparing black paint, grind lamp-black 
in oil, and as black dries slowly, you should add two 
ounces of litharge to every pint of paint. Always use 
boiled oil for black, to give it a body. 
10. Verdigris Green. — Wrap verdigris in cabbage or 
other large leaves, and place it on the hearth, over which 
scatter cold ashes, then cover with coals, let it roast one 
hour; remove, and when cold grind in oil. This is not 
so apt to fade as other green, and is used for outside 
work. 
11. Common Green.— This, is composed of nearly equal 
quantities of Prussian blue and chrome yellow*. It must 
be ground very fine in oil. The shade may be varied 
with white lead. 
