124 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
pied by them. Researches have been prosecuted in a 
southerly direction in this State as far as Thomas county, 
and in Alabama as far as the region of Montgomery. 
The result has been, one valuable variety has been found 
in the former place, and three in the latter, one of which is 
a valuable acquisition, being a winter variety, ripening 
and remaining upon the tree until January. This apple 
is known as the “Carter,” having been discovered by Col. 
Alex. Carter, of Montgomery. These facts will doubtless 
have the effect in time to render the Southern States a 
great fruit-producing country, as it is well known that we 
can and do now produce, of great excellence, the Orange, 
the Lemon, the Fig, the Promegranate, the Peach, the 
Apple and the Pear, besides others of minor note. 
0^ Applet, we now have the following kinds under exten- 
sive propagation, trial and culture, ripening in succession 
from June to January Red June, Striped June, Horse,- 
Wonder, Julien, Bruce’s Summer, Habersham, World’s 
Wonder, Cullasaga, Nickajack, Summerour, Buff, Mc- 
Dowell’s Sweet, Camak’s Sweet, Nix’s Green, Allens 
Sv/eet, Byers, Watson, Gordon’s Seedling, Mavarack’s 
Sweet, Berry’s Seedling, Shockley, Wall, Lever, Mead's 
I^ate Keeper, Aromatic, Walker's Yellow, Red Warrior, 
Nautehalee, Disharoon, Tender Skin, Neverfail, Ducket, 
Mangham, Hall, Bouseur, Talpehocken, Elgin, Limber- 
Twig, Thurmond, Southern Golden Pippin, Taunton, 
Fall Pippin, Mountain Sprout, Cranberry, Eastaboa, Tig 
ner, Gordon’s Seedling, Rome Beauty, Gully, Buckingham, 
Chestatee, Carter, and Selma. 
Besides these, could be added the names of some fifteen 
or twenty others, embraced in the catalogues of our nur 
serymen, of the character of which I have no personal ac- 
quaintance. With the above named, I am personally fa- 
miliar in most instances, and hesitate not to speak with 
the utmost confidence of the superior character of many of 
them for size, flavor and long keeping. The “Red 
June” frequently produces two crops in a season, the 
second being sparse as compared with the first, and is 
most usually arrested iii its growth by the autumnal frosts; 
at other times, when frost occurs late in the season, the 
fruit grows to an average size. , 
In addition to those found in the old Indian settlements, 
are many originated by enterprising individuals, together 
with otliers, which have accidentally sprung up and 
been brought into notice ; and with the present enthusi- 
asm existing for ihe cultivation and jiroduciion of new 
varieties, it is but reasonable to su[)[)Ose many desirable 
acquisitions will be added from year to year. Efforts are 
being made along tlie lines of our raihoads to establish 
large orchards fn the avowed purpose of supplying the 
Atlantic cities, both North and South. 'I'hc same spirit 
of fruit growing is also manifested along the shores of the 
Alabama and Mississippi rivers for the supply of the cities 
of Mobile and New Orleans. lam credibly informed of 
the existence of a single peach orchard in tlie vicinity of 
Natchez, Mississippi, containing ten thousand ti ees, which, 
last year yielded an income of some S'liOO tq SbOO to the 
acre, while I know of others in progress of large dimen 
sions in our own State, with equal prospects of remunera- 
tion. Many f)lanters are also commencing the business 
with energy for the sake of supplying their families and 
negroes with ihe luxury of an abundance of this healthy 
aliment. Dr. VVilliam O. Baldwin, of Montgomery, inf irm's 
me he has an orchard under cultivation consisting of 
2,000 apple trees, 1,300 pear trees, and 2,000 peach trees, 
with ottier varieties of fruit in proportion. To the enter- 
prise of the above-named gentlemen, I am indebted for 
several native varieties of apples and peaches originated 
or discovered by him in his vicinity. 
The Pear thrives better and more kindly in the Southern 
than in the Northern Slates, the clim.ate being more con - 1 
genial to its nature. Some varieties are predisposed, in I 
favorable seasons, to produce two crops of fruit, as the 
English “Jargonelle,” “Belle Lucrative,” and other early 
varieties almost unifirmly do ; and it is highly probable, a 
few degrees soni’hward of us, many other kinds may bo 
added to the number. This species of fruit will soon find 
its way to our Northern cities far in advance of the time 
it arrives in perfection in their vicinity, promising a profit- 
able return to those engaging in its culture. It can, and 
soon will be as plentiful as apples and peaches are in 
their season, as the trees grow here with great vigor and 
rapidity and with the fact of making the first growth of 
perfect wood by July, and then producing fair fruit upon 
the same wood, is sufficient proof that no fears need be 
apprehended of an immature growth in the fall. Here, as 
at the North, the tree is somewhat subject to the disease 
known as the “blight,” but I think it is not so prevalent as 
it is there. We have a few native seedlings of merit with 
us, such as the “Horton” and “Green Cluster,” which will 
favorably compare with the best of foreign origin; and I will 
here take the occasion to call cultivators to the practice of 
sowing the seeds from fine foreign varieties grown in our 
Southern soil, as an earnest for originating varieties 
entirely exempt from the above-mentioned disease. This 
fruit, also, being less subject to the depredation of in- 
sects than any other, should render it an object of general 
cultivation. 
The Penck may be esteemed almost indigenous to the 
Southern Slates; springing up and growing from seed to 
the production of fruit in three years, in hedge rows and 
fence corners, wherever accident may have deposited the 
seed. Not many seedlings of merit have yet been brought 
to public notice, except one called the “Pace” or “Tinley,” 
a magnificent fruit, growing to the enormous size of 13 
inches in circumference, and weighing a pound and over; 
and another called “Baldwin’s October Free,” originated 
by Dr. William O. Baldwin, of Montgomery, which is 
worthy of high estimation, ripening its fruit from the last 
of October to the middle of November with the unusual 
property of keeping sound until December. Some of our 
nurserymen advertise many other varietiesof seedlings, the 
merits of which I cannot speak from personal knowledge. 
Amongst the number, some are beyond question entitled 
to extensive, dissemination. 
I have never seen an instance of a diseased peach tree 
in Georgia, within the fifteen years I have been a resident. 
The disease called the “yellows” at the North is also un- 
known here. 1 have never even seen a tree imported from 
a Northern nursery die with it. Ihe trees suffer for a time 
afier being introduced, buifinally recover; but are rather 
“shy” in the production of fruit. 
The ravages of that insect pest, the curculio, or plum- 
weevil, (R/ipvch(Z7ivs Nevvphar,) is a serious impediment 
to the succe.ssful culiivation of this and other smooth- 
skinned fruits, as the Nectarine, the Plum, and the Apri- 
cot. 
The early varieties of the Peach more especially, are de- 
signed to make their appearance, and very shortly, too, 
in the Northern markets, as long as prices rule at so high 
a figure as at present. Persons from those cities are 
annually visiting South Carolina and Georgia for the pur- 
pose of purchasing Peaches in quantity for shipment 
iiome. Many large orchards are being planted along the 
lines of our railroads leading to the Atlantic, with a view 
to the supply of this trade. The Peach ripens here as 
early as the lOth of June in the middle portion of the 
State, being some six weeks in advance of the same va- 
rieties at the North. Consequently, our orchardists can 
monopolize the market for that space of time, and still en- 
joy the use of this luscious fruit at home until near Christ- 
mas. 
In no portion of the United States have I seen Quinces 
to compare with those grown in the mountain region of 
