SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
157 
the Warren, Black July, Herbemont, Lenoir, Missouri, 
Burgundy and other nameless kinds. 
THB WARRE!T 
Has learcs and wood much resembling the wild type, 
though the wood is not quite so red. It is a Tery rigorous 
grower, and if planted in proximity to others will keep 
them under and finally destroy them. The berry is dark 
reddish brown, not blue black, about a half inch or over 
in diameter, very juicy and pleasant; bunches often 
large and more or less compact; leaves very large, deeply 
lobed and of a rich green. This precious grape, which is 
=‘ a great bearer, gives a wine varying in color, from almost 
white to a shade darker than Madeira, according to the 
time the juice has been left on the skins. It will 
not make a claret or red wine. It is sufficiently strong to 
require no sugar or brandy to preserve it from acidity, 
and will keep as well in a hot garret as does the Madeira. 
^ A delicate sweet wine, and a first quality champagne 
have been made fi-om it ; equal to any imported in beauty 
and flavor. 
» . 
BLACK JULY. 
|Vt A small blue black berry, closely packed on a medium 
jjSJ jsized bunch; very sv/eet, not very juicy, and if allowed 
to remain on the vine will wither and finally dry up with- 
|! out dropping or spoiling in any way. I have never seen 
|i' it rot; but it is a poor bearer, and is greedily eaten by 
I ^ birds, which will destroy it in preference to any other. 
I Wood light red; joints short; eyes small. Growth of 
r’ » limbs very horizontal, indeed, remarkably so. Leaves 
dented, not lobed, smaller than the Warren, and when 
young of a greyish green. "Wine not fully tested, but 
! . probably good claret. This variety, which in appearance 
^ ‘ of the fruit, is very like the wild Fox, will scarcely ever 
* * be much cultivated for wine, for the reasons above-men- 
I . tioned. 
jt« HERBEMONT, 
Wood somewhat different from that of the "^Varren ; 
f * \edLyes noi lobed, dentate, round, large, coarse. Fruitre- 
|•i ■ sembling the Warren, but with us far inferior in flavor 
; ^ and sweetness. This grape is described in Western cata- 
logues, and is considered valuable for wine. It is thought 
j ' by some to be identical with the Warren, but having both 
I kinds in full bearing, we differ from this opinion ; indeed 
' ' the difference is very palpable. 
I ,V Lenoir and Missouri are both more or less cultivated in 
j* ' other States, -with what success for wine has not yet been 
> satisfactorily shown ; I do not know them by those names 
I although some imported will show whether we have them 
I ■ ■ mnder other names, 
i B»R«¥NDT I 
I Probably the Ohio, or Missouri of the West. Berries 
I . fight reddish brown, transparent, juicy, very sweet, with 
very thin skin; about the size of the V\^arren. Bun.che.<= 
j. . mostly loose, shouldered and large. A most delicious 
I . table grape. It is not attacked by rot like other grapes, 
but it does not always ripen well. In dry weather if al- 
, lowed to remain on the vines, the grains will wither and 
■ ,, * dry into raisins. The Warren always remains plump. 
Leaves large, dented, curved at the edges, yellowish green; 
the ends of young branches have a peculiar blackish ap- 
pearance as though diseased. Wood deep red ; buds very 
large. 
This grape may rank No. 1 for the table ; but its very 
(bin skin and great sweetness render it the prey of bees 
and wasps, and also easily injured by rain. It is evident- 
ly misnamed, for its American characteristics cannot be 
mistaken ; being so very different from the foreign plant. 
Its true name, if it has one, will, I hope be ere lono- 
ascertains and returned to it. 
The above varieties, with many others not here men- 
tioned, although differing from each other in leaf, wood 
and fruit are nevertheless easily recognized as belonging 
to the same family which 1 have at the head of this article 
called Fox. How, when and where they were each pro- 
duced will, notwithstanding all that can be said to the 
contrary, ever remain a mystery, 
MUSCADINE (Fox in Ohio). 
The wild Muscadine is not as common as either of the 
other species, and it seems to require stronger land to 
thrive well. Leaves large, dented, not lobed, coarse, 
leathery, white underneath. Young wood grey, more 
slender than in the Fox species. The second year the 
wood sheds off its bark, which peels like strips of paper. 
The old wood also sheds, and the smooth inner bark often 
presents a singular white appearance, which is peculiar to 
this species and most of its varieties. Berries large, elorr- 
gated, in clusters of 10 to 12, and in some vines regular 
bunches ; blue black, with thick leathery skins, and a 
strong musky aroma. In a wild state not a pleasant fruit, 
being no superior to the Bullace, to which fruit it bears 
some resemblance in size and taste. 
Such is the parent of the Isabella, the Catawba, Cape, 
Bland’s Madeira, etc. These fine varieties have leaves 
more or lesenibling the original in size and shape; their 
young wood all grey, easily recognizaable from the red 
wood of the Foxes ; all peeling off as above-mentioned. 
]S.iBELL.A, 
The first vine of Isabella which I ever saw was one that 
had been Ion? abandoned and neglected; it had not been 
pruned or cultivated in some years; theland was rich, the 
vine vigorous. It had re-fallen almost into a wild state 
and I mistook it for a Muscadine; the clusters were small 
although the berries were large, but in taste it w'as far bet- 
ter. The leaves are the same asthe Muscadine ; the wood 
the same; the color, size and shape of the fruit the same, 
but the bunches when cultivated are much larger, and the 
quality infinitely superior ; a single glance at this grape 
shows its origin. It is a beautiful fruit, retaining much of 
the musky flavor of its type, although not to so disagree- 
able an extent. It is a great bearer, but it is proper here 
to remark that when allowed to produce too much fruit, 
it will not ripen well. It would appear from accounts 
received from the Ohio, and some other places that the 
Isabella does not succeed as well with them as it does with 
us ; and probably does not acquire its wonted perfection 
in color and sweetness. Its juice in those places requires 
sugar, and makes a pale wine. In Carolina it gives a 
beautiful and delicious claret, somewhat darker than the 
St. Julien, and fully equal to it in quality, and this with- 
out the slightest addition of sugar; showing conclusively 
that that which will succeed in one place will not always 
be attended with the same success elsewhere. This grape 
from the fact of its making such fine claret, is destined to 
hold a conspicuous place in all complete Southern vine- 
yards. 
They have never yet made good claret on the Ohio, nor 
will they ever succeed so far North, as anxious as they ar« 
for it. 
THE eATAVTBA 
Has already become celebrated from its being the favorits 
in Ohio, and being extensively cultivated there, almost to 
the exclusion of all others in their vineyards. Leaves and 
wood somewhat resembling those, of the Isabella; fruit 
same size, but diflering in color, being what is usually 
called red. This variety has not yet been much planted 
at the South, and it remains to be proved whether it will 
do as well with us as in Ohio. For, I repeat it, it is no 
reason because best in one Iccatetl it should be so every- 
where. If we wish to succeed at the South, we must not 
follow in the exact footstejrs of our Ohio friends; we 
must not endeavor to imitate their wines nor their modes 
of cultivating ; our climate and our soils are different ; 
they may require different plants and different modes of 
