no 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
bages, in rows 2 feet apart and 18 inches apart in the 
row. The white and yellow summer Radish must now 
be sowed. Transplant Onions and Leeks, if not done last 
month, whenever the season suits. Also transplant Beets, 
where they stand too thick in the seed beds. 
Strawberry Beds must be kept from weeds, well mulch- 
with leaves or “broom-straw” and freely watered in dry 
weather. If you desire fruit, cut off all the runners as fast 
as they appear, and keep the ground cool and moist. 
But if you wish to increase your plants, the mulching may 
be dispensed with (except immediately around the plants 
as directed heretofore) and the surface must be kept clean, 
open and mellow. 
THE FRUIT ORCHARD. 
Thin out all fruitfrom one-third to one-half, if the branch- 
es are heavily laden, and the remainder will be enough 
larger and finer to pay for the trouble. Peaches, Plums^ 
Nectarioies, Apricots, &c. , may be budded, by those who 
still practice budding, which we have discontinued, ex- 
cept in particular cases ; preferring to graft into good 
roots during the winter. Such as desire to bud the Api’i- 
cot, may use free growing and vigorous stocks of the 
Chickasaw Plum, with decided advantage, but the tree 
must be trained low and branching instead of tall, slender 
and “spindling.” Mulch all young trees set out last 
spring, and give them a copious watering occasionally. 
Turn your small “shoats” into the orchard to devour fall- 
en fruit, and encourage them to “root,” or loosen up the 
earth by scattering a handful of corn to them occasionally 
underneath the trees. Large hogs are frequently destruc- 
tive to orchards, tearing and mutilating the branches in 
their efforts to obtain the fruit, even when the ground is 
thickly covered with it. 
THE FLOWER GARDEX. 
Some hardy Annuals may yet be sown, but is rather 
late. If you do not wish to take up your bulbous roots, 
(by which method they often are lost in this climate, un- 
less properly attended to.) give them a heavy mulching 
and let them stand in the ground until September, when 
they may be taken up, divided and planted again. 
Whenever the Dahlias stop blooming, cut them down to 
the ground, and give them a good watering and heavy 
mulch; they will soon sprout and bloom anew. Apply 
liquid manure occasionally to all your choice fiowers. 
Roses should now be budded and layered — fumigate with 
tobaceo smoke to destroy the Aphis or green fly upon the 
Rose and other plants. Gather ripe flower seeds in dry 
weather. Use water freely among your flowers whenever 
it is necessary. Rain water is by far the best. 
Selfishness, — Selfishness is poverty; it is the most 
utter destitution of a human being. It can bring nothing 
to his relief; it sharpens his pains ; it aggravates all the 
losses he is liable to endure, and when goaded to extremes, 
often turns destroyer, and strikes its last blow on himself 
It gives us nothing to rest on or fly to in trouble ; it turns 
our affections on ourselves, self on self, as the sap of a tree 
descending out of season from its heavenward branches, 
and making not only its life useless, but its growth down- 
ward. 
EDUCATION AND AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT. 
The momentous interests of Popular Education and Ag- 
ricultural Improvement, briefly discussed in the following 
letter to the Editor of the Augusta Constitutionalist , de- 
serve the careful consideration of every voter in the United 
States : 
Irwinville, Ga., April 9, 1856. 
Mr. James Gardner — Dear Sir : — I noticed in the 
Co7istitutio7ialist of the 12th March, a resolution offered by 
Mr. Thornton, of Muscogee, which was agreed to, charg- 
ing some of the Senators with illiberality — and I being one 
of that honorable body, I would wish to make some brief 
remarks on those bills refused by the Senate. I, for one, 
was against all those bills, and voted against all of them 
that I had an opportunity of so doing. In the finst place 
the bill to appropriate money to the Hancock Agricultur- 
al Society. Common sense teaches me that this appro- 
priation would be as useful in one county as another ; but 
I am proud to say that Georgia can and will carry on her 
agricultural interests without fingering the money of the 
public treasury of Georgia. I am as anxious to see the 
farming improved as any man in Georgia, but let it be 
done without those abominable appropriations. A bill to 
appropriate three thousand dollars to the State Agricultur- 
al Society. This bill, in my opinion, is of no value, nor 
I cannot think that the State ever would bebenefitted any- 
thing by this advancement. Also, a bill to create a Com- 
mon School System in Georgia. Now, sir, suppose we 
would have passed this bill with all its features, appropri- 
ating a fund to carry into effect the provisions of this act, 
locating schools in every county in the State. Sir, I say 
you must fix some way or plan to compel parents to send 
their children to school, or at least one-half of the poor 
children of Georgia W'ould not bebenefitted by this act. 
There are a great many parents that will not send their 
children to school if they have ever so good an opportu- 
nity. I am as much in favor of a common school system 
i as the honorable Representative irony Muscogee, if it 
could be done in a suitable manner, for I see the necessity 
of education in our country. Next comes the bill to ap- 
propriate thirty-five thousand dollars to educate one poor 
young man from each county in the State, for teachers in 
said State ; and this is to be annually. Now, Sir, this bill 
appears to me to be something like the common school 
bill. I cannot see where any benefit could be derived 
from such a measure as this. In the first place, you might 
educate one from each county, and when his education is 
completed, his mind probably might be for something 
higher than a teacher, or something else. So i am op- 
posed to any such principles. 
I have merely given my simple views on these bills as 
being charged with illiberality, and as the honorable Re- 
presentative from Muscogee thinks the last Senate unwise 
and desires the people of Georgia to send more able and 
efficient men to that body, my advice is to the people of 
Georgia to try to select men that will guard the public 
treasury of Georgia, especially in the House of Represen- 
tatives. With these remarks I close. 
I am your most obedient servant, 
‘ George Paulk. 
The opinions, so frankly avowed by the Hon. Senator, 
would be of little consequence to our numerous readers, 
did they not truly represent the views and feelings of a 
large number of Legislators at the South. It is exclusive- 
ly in their representative character that we make them the 
subject of editorial comment. 
In the first place, it is proper to remark that the Bill 
above referred to, passed the more numerous branch of the 
Legislature by a handsome majority. This deliberate and 
