SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
255 
menting substances, without which no fermentation can 
be obtained. 
OF T.ARTAK. 
Tartar is the salt winch is aejjusited after some time, in 
casks, in bottles, and on corks. It is crystalized, white 
and red, according to the color of the wine which furnish- 
es it. 
This salt belongs to grapes and some other vegetables. 
Grapes that contain most sugar yield least tartar. 
A quart of must may contain about tiiirty-six grains of 
tartar, though this proportion varies much horn one year 
to another. 
There is no grape without tartar; the strongest wines 
are those which contain most — it is not tartar which con- 
stitutes the spirituous part ; but, as will be seen, sugar 
alone; j’et the former conduces powerfully to its forma- 
tion. 
OF THE COy.STITUEXT PRINCIPLES OF ALIIIENTARY SUBSTANCES. 
All vegetables do not serve indiscriminately for the 
nourishment of man and animals ; in fact, a very small 
number compose the class of nutritive substances. 
Nutritious vegetable substances are those which con- 
tain mucilage — the mucoso-saccharine matter and sugar. 
Thus wheat, barley', and all farinaceous substances, as 
also, gum, honey and sugar are essentially nutritious. 
Milk contains the mucoso-saccharine matter and sugar : 
iiis the nutriment of infancy. 
[to be continued.] 
FRUIT GROWING IN THE SOUTH. - 
Editors Southern Cultivator— Although not a sub- 
scriber, but, I can assure you, a constant reader of your 
valuable paper, and having a great regard for the advance- 
ment of agricultural and horticultural pursuits in the South, 
I have taken the liberty to offer a few remarks upon the 
culture of fruits. 
It has been generally supposed by' a large number of 
the inhabitants of the South that our catalogue of fruit, 
must (owing to some deficiency in soil or climate} be very 
limited ; and to those I would say, when I look at the tali 
and majestic forest tree whose gigantic branches have been 
fanned by the breezes of a hundred summers, but still 
continue to be cicihed in its glossy green foliage, and 
making luxuriant growth year after year; or when I notice 
the fruit tree standing in hedge rows or fence corners 
maturing its enormous crops of fruit season after season 
without manure or care, (which tells us that the soil is na- 
turally adapted to the culture of fruits) and when I take 
ii'ito consideration the unsurpassed climate nature has 
given us. I cannot refrain .from thinking that in a fev/ 
years the States which now grasp the premiums at the dif- 
lerent State Fairs are destined to be surpassed by the 
Southern States. 
It must be remembered that the former class of planters 
had many more difficulties to contend with than the pre- 
sent class; many' had their land to clear and their soil to cul- 
tivate without the improved implementsthatare now used ; 
consequently they directed their whole attention to the 
cultivation of their lands, and not being accustomed to see- 
ing the clioicest varieties of fruits grown here, formed the 
opinion that it was unnatural and impossible for them to 
become adapted to this climate, and when they thought of 
them they considered them a luxury that could be enjoyed 
in some distant country, but not at home, therefore thought 
it not worth while lo spend time to get the requisite infor- 
mation w'hich is nececessary to insure success in the cul- 
tivation of fruits. 
There has also been from time to time, trees of some of 
the choicest varieties of fruits (such as Apples, Pears, 
Cherries, &c.) which originated in the North, brought into 
the Southern States. Tnese trees having been grow'u in 
nurseries and standing, as they generally do. in rows from 
two to four feet apart, the trees standing from four to six 
inches apart in the rows; their stems have never been ac- 
customed to ihe lays of the sun even in a northern lati- 
tude; therefore, Taking them from their shaded position, 
bringing them to a different climate, settingthem in differ- 
ent soil, and as the greater portion of Northern trees are 
trained as standards, the tops cannot protect the stem the 
scorching rays of our almost tropical sun. 
These and many more disadvantages that w'e are com- 
pelled to labor under in the cultivation of Northern fruit 
trees, makes them fit subjects to insure disappointment, 
especially to those who do not understand the manage- 
ment of fruit trees. 
I am now operating upon some trees that were brought 
from Ohio, last fail, and I can assure you, Messrs. Editors, 
there is a great difference between them and the Southern 
trees raised there. The Peaches, Plums, Cherries, and even 
Pears, worked upon Quince w'ere trained as standards, 
and I was obliged to cut them down, in order to form low 
heads, but notwithstanding the severe pruning, I was 
obliged to give them, likewise the compost made of well 
rotted leaf mold, manure, ashes, lime, &c., and mulched 
the surface of the earth with vrell I’Otted vegetable matter, 
they do not look half so well as the Southern raised trees 
standing in the next row, planted at the same time, re- 
ceiving no manme, no mulching, no pruning, and not one- 
tenth part the attention. 
Even if the northern raised trees succeeded well in the 
South, I do not think the fruit would, judging from ob- 
servations that I have made with different varieties of 
fruits in the different States. I have eaten the Rhode Is- 
land Greening at Rochester as late as the 15th of April, 
which was firm and juicy, but while at Cincinnati last 
fall, I noticed the same variety decaying and falling from 
the tree, and if a person was not well acquainted with it, 
they would not take it for the same apple. 
With vliese facts and disadvantages before us, which it 
is not within our power to remedy so long as we continue 
to buy trees from northern nurserymen, whose agents cire 
continually flooding the country with their “ scamps,’’ 
but as nature has given us a climate unsurpassed, and a 
soil naturally adapted to the production of fruit, and many 
other advantages which we possess over our northern 
neighbors, afi’ording us the opportunity of making this 
the great fruit producing country of the New World; and 
as there has been within the last three or four years con- 
siderable attention paid lo the cultivation of fruit, how im- 
portant it is for the pub'ic to receive the requisite infor- 
mation which will insure success and avoid disappoint- 
ment. 
How are the public to acquire this information I I will 
suggest one method, leaving to you, Messrs. Editors, to 
decide whether it is practical or not. 
In the first place, I would say to all amateurs that can 
write, to correspond with the different agricultural papers 
of the South ; and to those who are situated as I am, and 
cannot write grammatically, let them “ puli otf their coat 
and roll up their sleeves,” and be determined to benefit 
the countiy by helping agriculture and horticulture along ; 
always remembering that a good idea coming from them 
is just as valuable as if it was written by the most elo- 
quent writer in the v,’orld. And to those that are engaged 
in agricultural pursuits, I would say, subscribe for and 
read the different valuable agricultural papers now being 
printed in the South, and if you subscribe for only one, 
let it be the “ Southern Cultivator Let those who are 
capable of giving instruction give it witii a free will ; and 
to those who need it, let them think it was written ex- 
pressly for their benefit. 
Secondly — I would advise the e.stab]ishir!g of Agricul- 
tural and Horticultural Societies in every county or par- 
