10 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
For that purpose they may be planted in single rows 2i 
to 3 feet apart, and left to ramble on the ground. Amongst 
the scores of varieties of English Peas the Extra Early is 
one of the best, yielding a fair crop of good sized pods. 
Dwarf Imperial, if planted at the same time, will succeed 
them, and Prussian Blue will come at last, and stand the 
heat better than most other Peas. 
Cabbages, Lettuce, RoAishes, Salsofy, Spinage, Po.r snips. 
Beet, &c., may now be sown on ground properly pre- 
pared. Choose a warm exposure — spade, manure, and 
pulverise your beds well, and do not plant your seed too 
deep. 
If you have Cabbage plants saved during autumn in a 
pit, recollect to give them full air, whenever the weather 
proves mild, that they may not become too weak. By 
doing this, you will have plants ready for transplanting 
during the month of February. Turnips should now be 
sowed for spring use. As they will stand a good deal of 
cold with a slight protection, the bed should be covered 
slightly with pine tops. The Flat white Dutch and Red 
Topped Dutch are the best varieties for early use. Colza 
or Rape should be sown now, and if the season proves 
favorable you will have a supply of excellent greens for 
table in the beginning of March. 
If Onions (black seed), have not been sown yet, it 
should be done at once. 
Irish Potatoes may now be planted for an early crop. 
Plant the sets 8 or 10 inches apart, on coarse litter, long 
manure or straw, in the bottom of deep trenches, 3 feet 
apart. Put a handful of manure on each set, and cover it 
with 5 or 6 inches of earth. Haul the earth well about 
the stems as they advance in growth, but do not cover the 
tops with dirt. 
Prepare all your garden implements' for use, this month; 
and get your ground spaded or plowed thoroughly, turn- 
ing deeply under all the manure or vegetable matter that 
you can obtain. Be sure never to stir the ground or plant 
any seed when the soil is wet. 
Hot Beds should be prepared the latter part of this 
month, in order that you may have a good supply of Cu- 
cumbers, Cabbage, Tomato and other plants for spring 
operations. 
THE ORCHARD. 
Plant out, immediately, all the finest varieties of Apples, 
Pears, Peaches, Plums, Api'icots, Nectarines, (Quinces, 
Pomegranates, Figs, Grapes, &c., giving the preference, 
in all cases, to trees and vines raised in the South. One 
tree set out now, is worth three set out a month hence. 
(See directions for planting trees in previous numbers.) 
Strawberry Beds may be planted any time before 
March, but the sooner the better. (See directions in 
previous numbers, last volume.) 
Orchards that have been allowed to grow up in grass 
and broomsedge during the fall and summer, should be 
cross plowed between the rows, leaving a space as far as 
the branches extend to be stirred up with the grubbing hoe. 
Be careful not to injure the roots by this working— dig in 
some well rotted manure, (muck, lime and ashes) — cut 
away all suckers, and leave a space around the tree open 
and mellow. As soon as warm weather approaches, this 
space may be mulched with saw-dust, pine straw, forest 
leaves, long manure, or any substance that will retain 
moisture. 
It your peach trees are suffering from the borer, now is 
a good time to apply scalding water. Bearing trees will 
require but little pruning, only taking out limbs, which 
are crowded or rubbing each other. Young trees should 
now be pruned, in order to give them a proper shape. 
MAKING FORAGE AND WINTERING STOCK. 
Dcring the winter months, when the husdandman sees 
his cattle and other animals pinched for food, he will be 
less unwilling than at other seasons of the year to listen 
to a few suggestions designed to aid him in the art o f 
making forage, and in wintering his stock. Information 
on this subject is not so general nor so thorough as the 
best interests of our readers demand. Sixty years ago 
Georgia exported considerable beef and other meat; and 
now her enterprising cultivators might, with the advan- 
tage of numerous railroads, and lines of ocean steamers, 
greatly extend the commercial interests of the State based 
on this department of productive industry. It is truly an 
inviting field for the employment of agricultural labor, 
skill and capital ; but all the processes appertaining to 
stock husbandry have to be studied as well as practiced 
before their defects and advantages can be weighed in an 
even balance. 
Our correspondent, ‘T. C. C.,” of Milldale, Miss., says 
he “can’t help pulling fodder,” although he regards it an 
unprofitable business. Others, doubtless experience diffi- 
culties similar to those which he has stated on page 309 
in our last volume, October number. Among other inter- 
esting statements, may be found the following : 
“I have tried cutting up corn and shocking it as I used 
to do at the North, but I cannot cure it one time in ten, as 
about that time "we have a shower every duy, and some 
times three or four of them. Provided we could cure 
stalk fodder it would not answer to feed horses and mules, 
as they could pick only a few blades off the front stalks in 
the rack and no more,” 
Our friend of Mill Dale will take no exceptions, we 
trust, if we remark that racks for holding hay and other 
forage for horses, are now discarded by all good managers 
who keep these animals. A tight box large enough to 
hold any forage that may he given them is far better, as it 
saves from getting under their feet the leaves of clover, pea 
vines, dry corn blades, or other fine and nutritious feed. 
In keeping domestic animals, the first lesson to be learned 
is economy in not permitting anything of value to be 
wasted, or turned to a less account than it is capable of. 
Not to study and practise economy in the management of 
stock is to set at naught the elementary principles of good 
husbandry. 
Rain every day, and sometimes two or three times in a 
day, would be as injurious to grass when being made in- 
to hay as to corn cut and put into shocks for making fod- 
der. The writer has had not a little experience in curing 
most of the green plants used at the North for wintering 
neat cattle and horses ; and he now has a frame barn 
over forty feet square on the ground, well filled with for- 
