SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
45 
liim, if they have the capacity to learn. Hence, the ser- 
vants of a highly cultivated family are uniformly more 
polite than those of a family wanting in that regard ; and 
for a similar reason, the operatives of a master who is 
thoroughly acquainted svMth his business become more 
skdlful f>r his example and verbal instruction.. It is in 
this way that the most unintellectual laborers are instruct- 
ed and greatly improved by constantly associating with 
pei-Nons much better infirmed than themselves. The 
jii IgmerK and reasoning faculties of a farmer or planter 
bliould he cultivated in the highiest degree; and yet he 
should not be wholly removed from his agricultural as- 
sociaiioiis. 
( To be ennelvded in ovr next.) 
COTTON SPINNINNi ON PLANTATIONS. 
Dir. Henry’s Patent Dlacisinery. 
We copy the following account of the apparently im- 
portant invention of Mr Henry, from the Journal of 
Onnu'cice. It cannot fail to arrest the attention of our 
readers : 
.An mveiitinn, which is forced, from its character and 
nanuv., to occasion such a revolution in the operations of 
commerce, and add so enormously to the annual pro 
ductive wealth of our nation, deserves a description, far 
ruo.- e elaborate, extended as this article may appear, than 
we Call now devote to it. 
Betbie we proceed to describe it, however, it is due to 
the Ml >ject to say a few wordi about cotton itself. 
It is admitted by all, to be the great basis of the now 
exten ted commerce of man. During no five centuries 
had the progress of the work equalled that of the last half 
cet tury ; at the commencement of which era the produc 
t on of cotton and its manufacture may be regarded as 
h ivitig iieen just inaugurated. And the transcendent 
progre^s of the arts and the extension of commerce has 
only lieeii equalled by the increase of this production and 
its manufacture. 
(jl idly would we indulge in a review of this bright 
eoo-li; but le.tving it to the reflection of our readers, vve 
mu'.! turn to ihe immediate business of our article. 
!'ti e.-»iim ite the extent of this improvement in the manu- 
faciuie of cotton yarns, we will first describe the mode 
tne seed cotton is prepared fur, and in which it is sent to 
liiai kel 
Coiioii in the seed being over three times its weight 
wlien guinea, and a very imlky article besides, the gm 
hiiu^es must be located in, or very near the lands upon 
w’hich It !s produced The gtn is placed in the second 
story of a large building, and the cotton is taken up to it, 
ih it as the gin takes the fibre Ifom the seed, a brush 
wheel, runiimg in the rear of the gin saws, while it 
biU'.hes the lint trom the saws, may also throw the fibre, 
now in a very open, straight condition, into the lint room 
on the side of the house brlow; the norses or mules 
woiKnig to a segment wheel below, giving motion to the 
gin Fiom the lint room, the cotl m is taken in baskets 
to a nox, niider a huge screw, and there it is piessed into 
an 1 oecomes a hale. 
Will II it teaches ihe ports, each bale is sampled by the 
sriler lo 'cil ny, and is re sampled by the buyer — which 
op r lioiis are lepeaitd iii the f reign ports. So light i." 
iiie .n ncle, even afti r it is pressed as described, that a 
.sir mini it only dr.twmg three leet water may lie piled 
ever vvitii coimii uahs until the hurricane deck, as it is 
cai I, Is as as com|)ieit ly covered us is the hull and 
bei vern de -ks On iiring sOld III the ports, it is alrnosi 
u n vr I s oly compres.'e 1 at the instance of sliipmasier.s 
liia t ley may stow into ilieir ships a greater number ol 
ponu is. 
Shipped, via Liverpool to Manchester, it is opened in 
their factories tliero, and about one bale of short staple 
Surat cotton is added lo two or three of our American 
cotton, and well mixed together. 
By this process of baling and packing the cotton, it 
becomes tangled and malted together, and the leaf, trash, 
&.C., which the gin did not extricate, the fibre takes fast 
hold of and to open and disentangle it, tnid free it from 
this trush, leaf, &c.. which must be done to make good 
yarn, the cotton is run first through a machine called a 
picker. Its cylinder revolves about IGOO times in a 
minute, and is armed with strong iron teeth. It is then 
taken through the lap machines. These liave two or 
ofteruir three beaters, revolving some 2 1 00 to 2200 times 
in a minute. The fibre is passed through two of these, 
in many factories, from whence it is taken to a set of 
carders, and often through another set to finish it for the 
drawing heads, &c. 
The improvements of Mr. Henry arise from this — the 
lap machine is attached to the gin, and all the preferred 
spinning machinery is so arranged in connection, that 
I'rom this gin and lap the cotton is taken on through the 
different machines used in the process of spinning, with- 
out any handling from the time if enters the gin until the 
yarn is put into bales. 
The gin, in the process of Mi*. Henry, is not required 
to gin over one-third the quantity gins now do. For 
example, a planter now making one hundred bales of 
cotton, has some 1000 lbs. ginned in a day (that is, clear 
of seed) and is three to four months ginning such a crop, 
off and on. The same planter beginning to gin on 1st 
September and ending 1st March, at about 340 lbs. a day, 
will gin and spin this crop. 
Running the gin thus, we extract from it more of its 
natural functions, (that of the carder to cleanse the cot- 
ton,) than is now expected from it, when the great desi- 
deratum is to gin rapidly, that the crops can begot off as 
soon as may be to market, and before bad roads interfere 
with its hauling, &c. 
We have said above, that the cotton, when taken by 
brush wheel off the saw cylinder, was in a very open, 
straight and flexible condition. In the improvement we 
are considering, the cotton as taken just in that condition 
from the gin, and passed on through the lap and other 
prirparation and spun without going into a lint room, be- 
ing baled or being re-opened, &c. 
It will strike every one very forcibly, that taking the 
fibre when thus open and loose, or to have the impurities 
taken from it, as this fibre has not grasped or tangled it- 
self about them, the wash and impurities fall easily, freely 
and naturally from the fibres, precluding the necessity of 
the tearing, bruising and pulverising manipulation it now 
requires to cleanse and open it, and withal which, it still 
is very imperfectly done. Besides, taking the cotton just 
from the seed, it is oily and elastic, and works far more 
kindly into yarns then than it ever afterwar ls will. It 
must be here stated that in running the cotton through 
the gin as rapidly as it is now run, in the necessarily 
running it through the picker in the cotton factories to 
open and disentangle it, and the continued severe man- 
ipulation it has to undergo in the further operations of the 
extra heating in the lap machine and extra carding, that, 
besides the ascertained laige amount o! waste, some 17 
per cent., which now flies off in consequence of this 
treatment, a large quantify of broken up, mutilaifd and 
intrinsically destroyed fibre enters into the yarn, and of 
which it is largely composed. 
And herein stands out in bold relief the great improTe- 
menis that the waste, liy Mr. Henry’s [lroce^s, is mmin- 
ished at least 10 per cent, and the yarn being luade cf 
comparaiively unbroken and unmuiilaled fiUri-, is infin- 
itely stronger, and finer yarn cun be made ol it with 
greater ease. 
