46 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
We all know the length of the fibre is what gives 
strength to the yarn — and the less its manipulation the 
less the fibre breaks, and the less of the downy substance 
by which it is serrated you remove. And to this downy 
substance may be ascribed the adhesion or affinity of fibre 
for fibre, which makes the yarn of cotton the king of 
textiles. 
THEN TKS IMPROV.EMENT : 
1st. Presents to the family of man a yarn, all of fifty 
per cent, better than can be manufactured by the present 
processes, and which secures to itself the markets of the 
world, defying all competition. 
■id. The machinery can be conveniently arranged on 
the plantation, where the cotton is ginned, and very little 
additional power to that which gins will also spin it. 
3d. The machinery working like clock work, v/ith the 
exception of one skilful carder and spinner to superintend 
from one to a half dozen plantations, the little children of 
each plantation, from eight to twelve years old. and a few 
of the women not required to work out, will be fully suf 
ficient to spin up the crop, in addition to those now em- 
ployed to manage the gin ; in a week’s time these will 
learn enough to proceed successfully with it. 
4th. The crop can be spun up in season to withdraw 
any hands necessary to spring planting, that may have 
aided in spinning. 
.5th. In effect it will double the exports of the country, 
and generate and set in operation new improvements and 
enterprise. 
We might enumerate, one by one, many other of the 
numerous improvements resulting from this invention, 
but we will simply say in addition, that cotton being spun 
into yarns, is so compressed, that the same number of 
pounds that co^xr over a steamboat, exposing it to wet and 
fire, can on the same sized boat be stowed and protected 
nicely under cover 
Yarn, unlike cotton, is iiot extra hazardous, and insur- 
ance will be lessened on it. The freight and general 
charges being on the pound, as they will be on an article 
doubled in value, will be reduced in the descending ratio 
one-half. Sold by numbers in the ports, its frequent 
sampling and turning out for examination, &c., will be 
discontinued. There is deducted from the price which 
the planter sells his cotton, wherever be sells, all the 
losses and charges on it until it reaches Manchester, and 
also the estimated waste on it there, while it is beifig con- 
verted into yarns. Hence a system which saves 10 per 
cent, v/aste to and in ports, from damages, sampling, 
&C.J with the saving of charges — 10 per cent, more — fur- 
nishes, with other stronger considerations, the motive to 
determine the planter to the manufacture of his cotton into 
yarns ; and the advantage to customers is, that the saving 
of 10 per cent, of waste is equivalent to an increase of the 
American crop of 300,000 bales per annum. 
Commission merchants will rejoice in their commis- 
sions on an article doubled in value, paying them well to 
represent the interests of their principals. 
As Surat is rendered available in Europe for yarns, 
mostly by its mixture with our cotton, spinning ours up 
cuts off so much of the Surat as is now thus used, from 
competition with us. No small advantage itself. So 
many %'aluable results have already been presented, 
flowing immediately from this improvement, that we may 
now allow the minds of those who understand it, to pur- 
sue its consideration for further material ones. 
Every practical spinner or manufacturer acquainted 
with the operations of the picker, speader, and beaters, 
and carders, will at once see what this new mode accom- 
plishes, and its contemplation has been said by those 
who appreciate all of its consequences, to be intoxicat- 
ing. 
The release of capital in Europe, now employed in 
spinning, to be diverted to the demands of increasing 
commerce, and the enormously increased income of the 
South per annum, will far exceed the valuable effects, the 
discovery of two Californias. 
If the cotton of the South only ginned has set the 
world in motion, what will it achieve when the planter 
also manufactures it into yarns I 
One word in conclusion, respecting the consumption 
of cotton, and its connection with this improvement. 
Its consumption has been evidently checked by the 
clear incompetency of planters to produce it. That of 
last year, when 3,500,000 bales of Americaia cotton were 
consumed, besides those of Egypt, Brazils, India, &c., 
and without the stocks of manufactured goods on hand 
being increased, proves this. 
Although England exports about 160,000,000 lbs. of 
yarn a year, she is eager to v/eave up and finish the 
cloths for consumers, and hence does not press the yarn 
trade. The consumption of cotton yarns in Germany, 
Russia, South of Europe, and France, is rapidly on the 
increase, and could they command a portion for their 
consumption equal to what the British nation or our own 
consumes to the head, if our crops were doubled, it 
would be insufficient to meet it ; however, with a yarn 
superior to any that can be produced by any other pro- 
cess, ours must distance all competition, and meet ready 
markets. Spinner. 
KTRAI. AKCHITECTUKE— ORNA3IEATAl^ 
iiurdeiiing"— The Eiubellishnieiit of 
our Homes. 
Editors Southern Cultivator — Our farmers and 
planters, are, it seems to me, almost culpably neglectful 
of the beautiful and tasteful around their dwellings, and of 
what is due to the Creator and Architect of the Universe 
in the erection of Churches for His worship. It appears 
tome that the adornment of home would have a powerful 
influence in elevating and educating our rural population. 
The associations connected with a pretty and pleasant 
homestead would have a tendency to check emigration. 
Farmers would then endeavor to improve their soil, in- 
stead of seeking richer lands. 
I v/ould respectfully suggest ,that some practical hints 
on this subject, showing that taste could be exercised 
without any great expense, would be well received by the 
subscribers to the Cultivator. 
The remarks might extend to the style of building fences, 
well houses, out buildings, the arrangement or plan of the 
buildings and grounds, &c., &c. 
How often we see stables placed near and in front of 
the principal entrances, not a shrub or vine around the 
house, a rail fence enclosing the door yard, &c., &c. 
I am aware that I have taken a liberty in thus introduc- 
ing a subject and making a suggestion, but I have done 
so, hoping that it might attract your attention enough to 
induce you to draw from some of your numerous and 
qualified correspondents a series of articles on this subject. 
Yours, &c., W. 
AiJdn, S. C., Dec., 1856. 
[The same correspondent very obligingly sends us the 
following article, which, we presume is from his own 
pen. It appeared originally in the Charleston Courier : 
RURAL ARCHITECTURE, &C. 
Jn a progressive and enlightened age as this, it is some- 
what astonishing that so little effort has been made to 
improve and beautify the homes of the rural population 
of our State, 
The associations connected with childhood have an im- 
portant bearing oh the conduct of the man, and the recol- 
lections of youth form the most agreeable pictures that 
are impressed on the tables of memory. 
