61 
SOUTeESN CULTIVATOR. 
and fruited on a given area of ground. The same amount 
of foliage and fruit-bearing branches condensed into a 
low pyramid will not cover and poison with its shadow 
one-quarter of the area, as if in a large straggling grov/th, 
elevated on a trunk eight feet high. 
In order to produce a large quantity of fruit, then, plant 
a large number ot trees on a small plot of ground, culti- 
vate and manure them well, [Yes! that is the whole se- 
cret. Plant properhi at first, then cultivate and ruanvre 
■well regulo.rly ofl.erwa.rd3 . — Eds ] arid a few apples or 
pears from each tJ ee will afford a large total. Plant 300 
trees on an acre, instead)^ of thirty, twelve feet apart each 
way, instead of fort}?", and if the next geticration fnid 
them too thick, after having afforded the planter fruit foi; 
twelve or fifteen years — why, as they'-cost nothing, let the 
lucky generation cut down the excess. 
In my own grounds I have three thousand atDple and 
pear trees bra‘ichiiig from the ground, planted tesi feet bv 
five. Such close planting as this is, of course, unneces- 
sary where land is abundant and cheap; but the usual 
space between our trees muy be lessened with benefit. — 
Eds. Most of them are in bearing their third and fourth 
year, and ottly when crowding loo closely will 
every alternate rov/ be removed. Thus may the genera- 
tion which plants eat the fruit of its labor and be sat.'ified. 
Dr. Waterbury complimented Mr. Field upon hises.say 
on the theory of growing trees, and said in his opinion, 
that the great want of this country was more agricultural 
theory. A man may practice us his fathered, but if he 
does so without any theory, he is like a machine, and 
does his work without a thought wiiv or wherefore, or 
whether he might v/oik in a different manner, and gain a 
greater product. Upon the subject of grov/ing trees, how 
few men have any theory upon the lav/ of nature that 
makes them grow. No tree can be judiciously pruned 
without theory, as to why and for v,' hut purpose a tree 
should be prunned. 
Mr, Pardee said that the reason why Wayne county, 
New York, gave more good market apples than ail the 
counties west of it, v.ms because the farmers cnrumehced 
right, v.'itii'well-plam.ted., grafted trees, introduced by a fam- 
ily by tne name of Foster, who were pioneers in the first 
settlement. Some of the apple trees planted thirty years 
ago produce now from ten to twenty barrels a year. 
IVofessor Mapes said, in setting peaih trees, let them 
stand an inch higher than in the nursery, in piantinii 
peach stones, set tltem butt up and out of ground. In 
trimming, always cut next to a 'single bud or a triplet 
bud; in the latter case, pinch off the two outside buds. — 
Never cut off a limb at a double bud. Peach limbs should 
be shortened-in every year. Upon this plan and in this 
way the trees w'ili last many years. Dirt should never 
be piled or suffered to accumulate around the stem. — 
Never cut off the large limbs of peach trees. Ail Jersey 
peach growers know that they cannot grow peaches, or 
make their trees live without working tlie ground. [But 
this working should be s/ialloiv near the tree, so as not to 
injure the roots. — Eds.] 
Mr. Field said that any interference witli the wood ot 
trees over one year s growth, is injurious. If tlie limbs 
are cut while succulent, the wound heals at once. 
Solon Robinson exhibited some grape vines with a re 
markable luxuriance of roots, to illustrate the great ad 
vantage of a deep preparation of tlie soil to grow vigor- 
ous plants and urged tlie necessity of digging large deep 
holes fir all trees when transplanted. 
Mr vVagner stated chat tlie ground f .r his vines wa-^ 
care'n'ly dug lour feet deep ; an I llicti ibe plant.-;, wlien 
takv-n out for ir.m-planting, are renioved witli -dl the roofs, 
and set in siiinlar ground start at once itito beaiirig 
vines. 
Tiiere was exhibited a be.iutiful parlor ornament, fjrm 
ed of a variety of growing plants, under a glass shade, 
that fits so tight upon its base as to prevent evaporation, 
and thus keep the plants perpetually green. 
PEAKS.— PROFITS OF — CrET'UKE,. &c. 
W HY is it, that even at this time, after many of the large 
nurseries have for years sold thousands of dollars each, 
of the choice kinds of Pear trees, that not one , Pear of fine 
quality is ever to be found in our markets 1 Where do 
they go if grown, or have they all failed and refused to 
fruit'! I..ook to the large cities, and any confectioner or 
fruit dealer will tell you, that so great is the demand ^or 
the first class of Pears, that those who grow them find a 
ready sale to the first store keeper to wh-om they apply, 
an'd hence that they are free-d frem the necessity of em- 
ploying tniddle-vien as hucksters, and therefore do not 
send them to mur.ket. 
During the last three years, the fruit dealers of.Broad- 
v.^ay 3 New York, have been 'unable to find a supply, end 
evefi now v/e tind in their windows great quantities of 
Pears imported from France, and like our own, Sold at 
25 to 50 cent-; each. Many have been purohosed in F ranee, 
.at 10 to 20 cents each, and have paid a large profit to the 
importers. 
We can readily understand that our country readers 
can scarcely believe that buyers can be found to pay 
such prices, but they" are mistaken. In large cities we 
have a class whose fathers, and not themselves, earned 
their foruines, and we arc sorry to Say that thousand.s who 
have becoiak rich by their own successes, ape the habits 
of those who iirherited th.eir fortunes, and the strife now 
is among these two classes, who shall outyie his neighbor 
in extravagance. Others who are still engaged in business, 
i ape the retired and v."ealthier portions of the community, 
I and many" an inmate of a stone front house spends ten or 
I twenty thousand dollars per y^ear. rather than be surpassed 
j in extravagance by either the two generations of aristocrat& 
j or the retired merchant princes. 
j Temperance is now the order of the day in fashionable 
! circles, and those who formerly drank wine at S5 per bot- 
tle, now eat Pears at per dozen. Do not fear that this 
class of consumers will pass away, or that a change of 
fashion will throvv" them back to wine instead of fine 
fruits. Not so— the march is onward, and the demand 
must be supplied. France, with her thousands of acres of 
fine Pears, can spare but few, and that only" at particu- 
lar seasons of the 3 ,"ear. for export. We have now more 
! than iOUO kinds, of Pears, and many" of them worthy of 
cultivation. Does any reader believe that one farmer in 
1000 is aware of this fact ? Do even the dealers in our 
markets know anything about fine Pears'? Why" then do 
not our farmers near large cities, or indeed distant froni 
them, raise fruit worth heur S'25 to S75 per barrel, rather 
than pay" the same freight on barrels ol poor Apples or 
.Peaches, worth from SR to S3 per barrel ”? But, say"s the 
old style operator, ‘Tf we all do it, they willvmZ sell at sucli 
pi ices.'’ Very true; but ail will not do it, and only those 
who do it properly can do it at all. We hud many dwart 
trees tliis year bearing 200 Pears, wliich we sold at 12~ 
cents each; and if ten years ago, when we commenced by.' 
putting out a fe w hundred Dwarf Pear trees, we had put 
out live acres, the. crop of tiiis y'ear would have given us 
four limes the value of the land, including the cost of trees 
! and cultivation. 
Last autumn and this spring, indeed every" autumn and 
spring, hitve found our nurscry-mcn unable to supply the 
deaiaudfor Dwarf P.-dr trees, and thousands ot dollars 
worth are annually imported from France, in athfitum to 
.iorne grovvih. Wiieie are the Pear.- 7 Wiiy, ni.my of 
!i)e growers have pu. :heii- trees in tlie ground, and liave 
never given tliem tile iiecessriry atteniion to secure profit- 
able lesuits ; otiicr.s Jiuve put them out improperly as to 
