128 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
and sending me two copies of their paper, to the post 
office from which this is dated, I am authorized to say that 
they will receive from the Messrs. Saxton a copy of the 
CoUmi PULnlers' yiamtal, free of postage. 
J. A. Turner, 
'Cujrnvjoldy Putnam. Co., Ga., Jan. 27, 1857. 
REMARKS ON THE FEBRUARA" NU3IBER OF 
tbe SoutheiTi Cultivator. j 
Editors Southern Cultivator — The leader, a lecture j 
on labor, by Dr. Lee, is, in tiuth, a leader well deserving i 
its name. When it is known that Dr. Lee has had a “fin- j 
ger in” getting up the agricultural statistical tables in New ' 
York, and in the Patent Office, laboring to have a full and ! 
correct detail; when it is remembered that Dr. Lee was | 
well abused by certain Northern folks, then we will be 
better able to appreciate this lecture, as far as it goes. 
Capital is It; and passing strange that all of our folks 
hare failed to see that the census reports, and statistics, 
give all that is made, and then all that is made from that, 
and even perhaps all from that again, thus valuing the 
article in hay, then when fatted as beef, then in leather 
and lastly in shoes. 
^‘Cott-on Spinning, &c.” — Who could be so indifferent 
to the weal of the South not to desire this f Yet, planters, 
don’t be in haste. It is not done yet. Make up a bonus 
and test it. Don’t attempt it unless you count tlie cost. 
It can be done, it will be done; but perhaps not yet. 
Much labor and expense has to be incurred. Pretty 
things on paper sometimes hare a thorn when handled. 
^^Rnral Archiln,ctnre, Ac.” — When will our people make 
their homes more pleasing to themselves and their fami- 
lies than elsewhere, and thus save some youth from all 
the evils of bad company and temptation 1 Is it not 
cheajrer to give the youth so many delights at home that 
absence is painful, than to keep home the most irksome 1 
Thus much to those who can only act from interest. To 
the philanthropist, the patriot, I appeal as a Christian 
to his brother, and ask him to try neatness and order, im- 
proved buildings and stock, flowers and shrubs, fruits and 
birds and fishes, and all that makes home more lovely and 
see its effect on the neighborhood. I could talk till the 
morning dawn ; but why, ihi.s age — the California age — 
runs v/i!d on making money and measuringa man’s worth 
by his love for a dime. 
^ A;^ruuUurc in Gemgia.''^ — “Gsoaeu” is a progressive 
man, and so he ought to be; his State has done much, and 
I hope he will cause the Executiva Committee to put their 
minds to tbe work and strike out for improving — not fol- 
low in tbe rtmtine. I would add to Ids suggestions : pro- 
cure the best plows, (ye^irly), hoes, planters, scrapers, 
gin, press, and seed, and te.st, thmugli a searching emm- 
mittee, and puidish for the good of the m-asses. Of course 
the Committee would be careful in ordering not to he 
gulled. Yit, mativ of the best would l>e sent gratis, 
knowing that that Committee would test fully before rc- 
p Ttiiig. i would aliei su»g<»sf the Castor Bean, Sun 
Flower, testing bark of ths Cotton fur rope, twine and 
p.iper. 
The people of the South look to the Executive Cnnirait- 
tee of the Southern Central Agricultural Society ! ! ! 
Gentlemen, [ ask the application ofall your thought. 
'‘Peas far Hgs'’' — Lard from hogs when fully fatted on 
peas, as also the pork, is as white, as firm and will show 
in July or August with lard, &c., from hogs fed on corn 
or sweet potatoes 
“■Ansv'-ers fa Con-espondenis'' — “Plows and Plowing” — 
“The best turning-plow” I “know of” is the “Brinley 
Plow,” made in Simpsonville, Ky., cost at Louisville, on 
board steamboat, S'6..50. “T. E. C. Brinley, Simpson- 
ville, Xy.” This, for such stiff land as I work, will do 
! 
I 
f 
better work and last longer than any of some twenty 
varieties now on my farm. 
'‘PLa.dic Cott/m . — James M. Legare, of Aiken, S. C., 
will make to himself a fortune and be a benefactor to the 
South. Cotton will yet be king, commerce to the con- 
trary notwithstanding. v 
‘'Cotton Crop of 1856.” — Gen. McQueen is, no doubt, 
as all leading men of South Carolina are, first-rate, but 
his figuring is too small by 2 to 4 hundred thousand. The 
crop will run between 2,900,000 and 3,000,000 bales. 
Yours with all respect, &c., 
A Friend. 
CUBAN 8UGAR PLANTATION. 
A correspondent of the Syracuse Courier gives the fol- 
lowing interesting account of one of the largest sugar 
plantations in Cuba : 
This estate is very properly sailed the “ Flor de Cabas,” 
(Flower of Cuba.; There are other estates as large or 
larger, but none that liave such perfect machinery, and 
which have laid out so much money for that, and on 
buildings. There are about one thousand acres of land, 
nearly three-quarters of which are under cultivation with 
sugar-cane, the balance being devoted to gracing and 
planmin fields. The product of this estate, of course, 
varies with different years; thus, last year, owing to the 
rains, they could not cut all their cane, and it fell short ; 
but its present average crop is 10,000 boxes and 1,000 
hogsheads of sugar, and its gross income at present prices 
will be from SJ'^hOOO k) 1*350,000. Of this enormous 
sum about one half is absorbed by interest on its debt, 
and by its annual expenses. There are 650 hands — 350 
negroes and 250 Chinese. The resi are overseers, cart- 
rnen, coopers, engineers, etc. There are 80 ox-earls for 
drawing the cane to ihe mill, and 600 oxen, four being 
used to every cart, and they are relieved twice a day. 
There are many buildii^s in this village, for it >s almost 
like one. Besides the sugar house, there is the dwelling- 
houses for the owner and for the overseers, tbe drying- 
houses, the hospital, the baracoons for the slaves, and 
even a nursery for the children of the slaves. 
The sugar- house here is the principal attraction, and it 
18 an enormous affair. It is all one floor and covered by 
a single roof, end its inHirior is somewhat similar to that 
of some of our large sugar refineries in New York Thcie 
are two large rolling mills for crctsliing the cane, each 
with three rollers six feet long, one placed on the lop of 
two, the cane feeding itself and passing under otte and 
over the other two rollers, it cemes out squeezed almost 
dry, and as flat as n sheet of paper, the juice runs down 
into trough.s. These rollers are s«t very close, within an 
eighth of nn inch nf each other, and the pressure is enor- 
mous. To drive these rollers there is an engine of fifty- 
horse power. 'I he juice is then carried by pumps to a set 
of fourteen kettles, wfiere by steam it is condensed, and 
then it runs tfirough a btvly of tvarbon, or burnt bone, isfo 
another set of cisterns : it is then carried to a vacuu.m 
pan, where it is evaporated, then fiver a set of copper 
pipes for condensntioti, again through the charcoal for 
cleuoloriug, then into another vacuum pan, where it i.-* 
boiled to a cryslabzing point. Jl is then carried off to 
another part of the buildiiiff, and by copper ladles is 
emptied into the sugar moulds, holding about sixty pound.s 
each, wherein another day it is ready for claying. This 
process is only followed where it is intended to make box 
sugar, which is always ckiyed, while that packed in hogs- 
heads is called muscovado, and is packed info the casRs 
in a green state, where it is then allowed to purge itself 
for fifteen or twenty days, and is then ready for shipme.'it. 
On this estate they make mostly clayed or box sugar; ami 
the process of claying is this: The moulds containing tire 
