302 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
ration of trimming down to the lowest bud Some prefer 
to delay manuring until this time, but if the soil is thin, 
it is best to apply it the first or second year. Sometime.® 
two spurs are allowed to grow this year, but all experience 
leaches that it is best to leave but one, as the roots will 
take better hold and the stalk will be more vigorous. If 
the missing places in the vineyard are still vacant, replace 
them now by young, vigorous vines from the nursery, or 
if taken from the duplicates in the vineyard, care must 
be had to avoid injuring the remaining plants in the 
hills. 
During the third year, the ends of the vines may be 
pinched off about the latter end of August, so as to ripen 
the wood and give it strength to bear fruit the next year. 
Plow the vineyard once and hoe it twice. 
The fourth year, if the vines have been well cultivated, 
they will commence bearing. They should now be trim- 
med to the third bud; nothing should be planted in the vine 
yard after the first year, as the vines require all the nour- 
ishment the soil is capable to give them — avoid working 
the vineyard in wet v^eathei' or between showers, select 
settled weather — and don’t walk much through the vine- 
yard, in taking a view of it walk around it, except when 
it is necessary to work in it. The vines mast be tied to 
the stakes carefully and early in the morning on the noith 
eide i2 inches from the ground— and as they grow bend 
them carefully and tie them about two-thirds up the stalk 
and Irom thence bend them from the second tie to the south 
in a bow down to within one-third of the stake from the 
gryund, and tie them at that point. One spur must now 
be left on the opposite side of the stalk to grow for the 
next year, leaving two eyes. If it is intended to have two 
stakes and two bows, the wide row should be laid off 
across the hill side five and a half feet apart and the nar- 
row rows up and down the hill four feet apart, so as to 
leave room for plowing, as in this case the vines must be 
bowed north and south, thereby receiving the full rays of 
the sun. 
There is another mode of training the vines upon trel- 
lisees. Prepare posts 7 feet long 22 or three inches square 
mark a line at 2 feet from the foot intended to be set in the 
ground, saw a notch three inches wide, one and a half 
inches deep, two feet above the mark which is to go to 
the edge of the ground, and another similar notch about 
twoarid a half or three feel above rhe lower one, then insert 
the posts 2 feet in the ground, at 8 feet distant from each 
other., then pin sawed slats 3 by U inches, 16 feet long 
across three of the postsand so continue till the entire line 
is finished. The rows should be 6 feet apart — north and 
south — the vines should be trained to the trellis north and 
south, they should be planted 4 feet apart in the drill, i e 
two vines between every post. Many suckers will pu' 
out about the head of the vine which must be rubbed off 
except two, these must be cut down to one eye, to be 
iept in reserve to lake the place of the two bearing 
branches. Wheu these show symptoms of decline, they 
-may be cut down and the new ones suffered to grow and 
take'Uieir place. In this way the vineyard can be kept 
up with .strong vigorous vines for a long period of years 
The fScuppernong may be cultivated to advantage on 
trellises — on an extensive scale to make wine for sale — but 
for domestic use half a dozen vines on scaffolding will 
yield an abundant supply for table use and for wine On 
a farm in North Carolina, there is one solitary Scupper- 
aiong vine, which yields grapes enough for eating aud pre 
serving, besides making a barrel of wine annually ! 
SUMMRH TRIMMING. 
The most important part of the grape culture is to give 
frequent attention to the trimming of the vines in summrr 
Complete directions cannot be given without occular de- 
monstration, and then the vintner must exer-ise hts own 
judgment and profit by experience as to how thelaborshould 
be most advantageously performed to preserve the vines 
in a healthy state, and at the same time, to cause them to 
bear good and abundant fruit. The American mind is in- 
ventive enough and with a little experience easily com- 
prehends the best mode of doing things, at the same time 
on the outset of a new undertaking, if information can be | 
had on reasonable terms, it is wise to avail ourselves of it. I 
The British at one time sent men to Holland to learn how i 
to manufacture fine white linen and superfine broad wool- j 
len cloth; subsequently ihe British improved on the 
knowledge they had received from the Netherlands, and 
finally supplanted them in the manufacture of these ar- 
ticles so as to undersel them at home and abroad. "We 
may now likewise learn from the Germans (withont go- 
ing to Germany) how to cultivate the vine and make good 
wine. A good vintner might be employed to attend three 
vineyards or more in the same vicinity — and by dividing 
his wages into three or more parts, the expense to each 
would be moderate. As to allowing any one the sum of 
$760 to attend a vineyard of one acre and the employer 
to do all the laborious part of it. is preposterous, and 
ought not to be submitted to by any planter or farmer. 
A compilation and extracts will now be given from tlie 
best W'orks extant on the cultivation of the vine, and the 
manufacture of wine. 
Reemelin, ofOhio,recommendS; “Ist to secure each sum- 
mer a proper amount of mature bearing wood for the next 
and subsequent years, and by thus concentrating upon 
particular parts of the vine all its fructifying powers, pre- 
serve it in a healthy and vigorous condition.” 
“2d. To impiove the quality of the fruit, whether intend- 
ed for the table or for the making of wine.’' 
“Each spur intended for a thigh fa thigh is the branch 
or limb intended to grow for bearing) should not be less 
than 6 nor more than 10 inches long when trimmed, 
leaving at least 2 and not more than 3 joints and buds up- 
on it. The head will he well formed and of good size, and 
care will have been taken to get the thighs to grow out of 
the sides of the head rather than its centre. From the 
buds on each thigh will, during the summer, grow shoots. 
The two uppermost should be carefully tied up to the 
Stakes. The lowermost bud or any which may grow out 
of the head, should, after two leaves have been formed 
upon them, be pinched off above and beyond the two 
leaves. Upon these shoots and joints, little twigs or lat- 
teral branches will grow in the early part of summer. 
I'hesemust be removed by hand just above the first small 
leaf The leaves at the junctiou of the latterals should be 
carefully preserved. This tends to ripen the branch into 
good sound bearing wood, for if these latterals were not 
removed, it would weaken the intended bearing wood the 
next season ” 
“In the fall of the fourth year there will be two branches 
upon each spur or thigh for bearing wood. One such 
would be enough, but two are trained, first, to have a spare 
one in case of accident or loss, and for a spur for the sea- 
.son foihtwing, and second, to leave sufficient wood and 
(eaves upon the vine, so as not to restrain its growth too 
much. It is not desirable to have the bearing wood too 
rank which would be the case if the vine were trimmed loo 
close during summer. There are also, both upon the head 
and thighs, small shoots with one bud each, which are 
led there so as to keep the joint alive for future use, and 
to prevent its closing by becoming gnarled over.” 
The next point is how to trim the vines during the win- 
ter and spring following The rule is to cut the thriftiest 
^nd if po.>sible the upper branch, down to from 5 to 8 
imds or joints for the bows, and if the lower branch rem un, 
to trim it down, leaving one bud or joint for spurs, and to 
'lit all the remaining branches away, close to the thigh, 
not injuring, however, the bud, which may be upon tho 
(high itself or upon the head. 
