348 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
pulp, and abounding in juice of a color as dark red as that 
of the pokeberry, of a brisk excellent flavor. Quality 
very good, a prodigious bearer, hence, like the Warren, 
considerably liable to rot. (This is not the Devereaux of 
“Gardening for the South,” which is the true Lenoir). 
Ripens about the middle of August. The color of the 
juice is deeper than that of any other grape known. 
2. Ohio . — Leaves large, three-iobed, deeply cut. Young 
shoots, tendrils and leaves green, no shade of red in them. 
Somewhat hoary beneath. Shoots long-jointed, strong. 
Bunches shouldered, large, long, loose, tapering. Berries 
small round. Skin thin, dark purple with a blue bloom ; 
without pulp, tender, melting and sweet. Very good, but 
too small a fruit to be very desirable. Ripens just before 
the Warren. Origin unknown. Fruit from Richard Peters, 
Esq., Atlanta. 
3. Elsingburgh . — From a town near which it was 
found in New Jersey, it takes its name. Mature leaf, dark 
green, five-lobed, deeply cut, but less so than the Warren. 
Leaf ^alks and tendrils more red than usual, terminal 
leaves brownish, with but little cobwebby down beneath, 
and more above, nerves of older leaves considerably 
downy. Bunches shouldered, rather large, loose. Berries 
quite small. Skin thin, black, with a blue bloom, free 
from pulp, melting, sweet and pleasant. Ripens nearly 
as early as Lenoir Distinguished from the Ohio by the 
leaves being five instead of three-iobed, and by the brown- 
ish shade of young shoots, leaves and tendrils, which, in 
the Ohio, are green. Fruit from Dr. Ward.* 
4. Camay's . — This vine, evidently a native, was one of 
those in the garden of James Camak, Esq., at his decease 
some 10 years since. Resembling considerably the Warren 
and being somewhat shaded and overgrown, its distinct 
character, until the present season, was unrecognized. Its 
origin being unknown, we have named it after the ener- 
getic pioneer in horticulture, in whose collection it was 
found. Leaves three or five-lobed, deeply cut. Bunches 
shouldered, long (7 to 9 inches), loose, tapering. Berries 
rather small (i to ^ inch in diameter) round. Skin thin, 
light brownish red, with a light bloom. Flesh tender, 
melting, free from pulp, very sweet and excellent. Qual- 
ity best. Differs from Warren not only in color of the ber- 
ly, which is much lighter, but in ripening more evenly, 
and in the general shape and character of the bunch on 
which the berries are so loosely arranged that they will 
probably not be liable to rot. The vine, too, is evidently 
less rampant in growth. Fruit from Dr. James Camak, 
of Athens, Ga. 
5. Warren.^ (Warrenton, Herbemont’s Madeira) — It is 
pretty well established that this vine was first cultivated 
by Mr. Neal, a farmer of Warren county, of this State, liv- 
ing four miles from Warrenton, at least as early as the 
year 1800. In the early settlement of the county, he found 
the vine in the woods near his own residence and trans- 
planted it. Its productiveness and unequalled flavor at- 
tracted attention, and soon it became cultivated in War- 
renton, and under the name of Warren and Warrenton 
spread over the State, where it is now more cultivated than 
any other grape. In 1805, the late Prof. J. Jackson, for- 
merly of this place, found it growing under the name of 
Warrenton (from whence the cuttings were procured) at 
the farm of a Mr. MeWhattyin Jefferson county, and 
when he settled near him, Mr. Jackson procured cuttings 
from Mr. MeWhatty’s vine and commenced its cultivation I 
himself. In 1811 or 1812, Mr. Jackson carried cuttings to 
a relative in Laurens county, where the well known vine 
grower, Mr. T. McCall, of Dublin, first saw it in bearing. 
Obtaining it, he planted a vineyard about 1816 and in 
*We are not quite certain that our Elsingburg is the 
true variety. Dr. C. W. Grant, of Newburgh, N. Y. , (ex- 
cellent authority) thinks it distinct from that at the North. 1 
1819 or 1820, Prof. Jackson spent a day with Mr. McCall 
and drank with him his Madeira, made from this grape. 
About a year later Prof Jackson sent to his brother in 
this place (Athens) rooted plants, from which most of 
those now cultivated here were derived. We believe the 
Herbemont identical with this vine, as vines in Clarks- 
ville, Georgia, from Herbemont, also one obtained by Mr. 
Camak from Herbemont himself, while living, which is 
still in bearing, prove nothing distinct from the Warren. As 
the latter name indicates the origin of the vine, and as un- 
der this name or Warrenton, it was widely cultivated at 
least twenty-five years before known to Herbemont, and 
as it is still known as Warren by nine-tenths of those who 
raise it, the name Herbemont should be dropped. Vine 
rather short jointed for the species, though the most vigor- 
ous grower we have ; leaves five-lobed, very deeply cut, 
youngest ones moderately downy beneath, with a slight 
brownish tint; half grown ones very little arachnoid of a 
light yellowish green; full grown leaves dark green 
above, with nerves densely villous, making the leaf be- 
neath a little hoary. Bunches medium to large size (the 
best weighing about 12 ounces), shouldered. Berries 
round, f to 5 inch or over in diameter, rather closely set. 
Skin thin, very dark purple, with light bloom. If not 
very closely pruned, the grapes on the same bunch do 
not color evenly, varying from light to dark purple. Flesh 
tender, melting, entirely free from pulp, very sweet and 
pleasant juice, of unusual specific gravity. Quality best, 
for table or wine, an enormous bearer, quite subject to rot, 
but even then more fruit ripens than of almost any other 
grape. Generally allowed to overbear. 
II. — Varieties of Vitis aestivalis, with leaves sublo- 
bately angled or sub-lobed, not generally with fully de- 
veloped lobes. 
6. Lenoir. — (Sumpter, Thurmond, Early Black July, 
Sherry and Devereaux of “Gardening tor the South.”) 
This grape which has every characteristic of a native, is not 
named from its color, but was discovered growing in his 
hedge row, many years since, by a gentleman named Le- 
noir, in Sumpter district, S. C. He at once brought it in- 
to cultivation himself and distributed cuttings to his 
neighbors ; and we learn from our informant, Col. A. G. 
Summer, it is still in that section more cultivated than 
any other grape. As this variety, in leaf, fruit and time 
of maturing is decidedly one of the most distinct, and 
easily recognized of those in cultivation, it is evident that 
the grape known in Ohio as Lenoir, which “differs from 
Herbemont (Warren) only in being of more vigorous 
growth, wood light colored with a light b'ue cast,” is 
doubtless the Warren itself, a more vigorous grower than 
which would be hard to find. Col. Summer, who has 
known the Lenoir for years, and that, too, in the place 
where it originated, pronounces the grape, long cultivated 
here under the erroneous name of Devereaux, to be, in 
leaf and fruit, identical with the Lenoir, and since seeing 
the latter we coincide with him that it certainly agrees in 
every particular with the grape known as Lenoir, in the 
Nurseries throughout the State. The leaf of Lenoir J^f 
but medium size, and the most entire of the culti^Rd 
varieties of this species, being merely indented, seldom 
even sub-lobed. Young leaves but moderately downy, 
with a slightly brownish tint. The down of the terminal 
leaf is not fuscous. Older leaves have a yellowish cast 
beneath, smoothish when quite mature and nearly free 
from the cobwebby down. Bunches rather small (about 
six inches long), shouldered making them some three 
inches broad at the base. Berries averaging about four- 
tenths but sometimes half an inch in diameter and pretty 
even in size, rather compact or crowded on the bunch. 
Skin thin, black, covered with a blue bloom. Flesh 
sweet, juicy, with a brisk agreeable flavor. A good bear- 
er, and we have never known it to rot. Quality very 
good ; the birds would say “best,” as they take it in pre- 
