KS&omdaaaaan 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
R,eason, we think, mu.st teach us to look I'or 
such SL result; and by this nieuns, the prejudi- 
cial effects of climate may be arrested, or parti- 
ally postponed ; though in the end, the foremen- 
tioned result seems inevitable. What but the 
scorching sun of Alrica has given its present 
corislitLUion to the negro; and the mildness oj 
the temperate zones the character and con.stitu- 
tion of the Circassian and European races'? It 
is readily admitted, that the inountainous region 
of the South is not liable to this objection, as 
their increasing altitude diminishes the tempera- 
ture, and is a full equivalent to a removal north. 
Nor do I see any reasonable objection to the 
rearing ol the line-woolled sheep on the low 
lands of the south, as any anticipated dete.'iora- 
tion ot .staple, may be, in a great degree, obvi- 
ated by the use of bucks reared in the north. 
Whenthegreat advantage is considered, of 
the case and economy ol renovating soils and 
sustaining them in a high degree ot fertility, 
by the keeping of sheep, I need not urge the .sys- 
tem upon the intelligent agriculturist. Indeed, 
where lands have been cropped interminably, 
with wheat, rye, and corn, at the north, and 
wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton, at the south, I 
know of no other self-sustaining system ol reno- 
vation, that can be adopted. liime and plaster, 
where economically obtained, may do it parti- 
ally, but other manures will be necessary to car- 
ry out the work of regeneration. Where shall 
they be procured at a cost that will enable their 
owners to sustain a .successful competition with 
(he occuj<ants of newer and more fertile lands, 
somewhat more remote? We can conceive of 
nothing more suited to the o’^ject than s' eep. 
They clean the land of almost every noxious 
weed, drop most ot their manure on the highest 
lands where most needed, and require little- at- 
tention, for all of which they pay double; first, 
in the produce ol a lamb, and .second, in their 
fleece. They are also certain to build up, in an 
intelligent, industrious community, a manufac- 
turing policy, which gives a profitable and plea- 
sant employment to a supernumerary popula- 
tion ; affords an enlarged market for miscella- 
neous agricultural productions, and in addition to 
all their collateral advantages, lurnishes to the 
country, their fabrics at a cost, le.ssened by all 
the expenses of a double transportation. Sure- 
ly, it is needless to urge the adoption of a sys- 
tem, fraught with so much advantages, upon 
the intelligent planters of the south and west, 
a people who have, in less than half a century, 
extended the annual production of cotton, from 
2,000,000 fo 000,000,000, lbs. The energy di.s- 
played in augmenting a single crop, three hun- 
dred fold, in so brief a lime, is adequate to the 
snccesful adoption of any policy, commended to 
them by .so many intrinsic advantages. 
R.L. Allen. 
Buffalo, Sept. 20, 1844. 
MEANS OF CHECKING RUxNAWAY HORSES. 
When a Canadian family party, travelling in 
winter over ice-covered rivers and swamps, is 
so unlucky as to cross a place where the horse 
sinks, they save him from drowning, and them- 
selves from sharing the same fate, by pulling a 
rope so arranged that it instantly chokes him. 
The water being thus prevented Irom entering 
his gullet or windpipe ; he floats on the surface, 
and it only requires a long and firm pull to bring 
him to solid ground, when, the rope being re- 
laxed, he quickly recovers his wind, and is rea- 
dy once more to start on his journey. This plan 
ot saving a horse by suffocating him is spoken 
of by the Canadians as an equally effectual and 
safe means of attaining the desired end, and it is 
in universal practice. A similar means cl stop- 
ping runaway, and subduing infuriated horses, 
whether in riding or driving, ha.s lately been 
adopted by Mr. Miller, an ingenious saddler, ol 
Lothian-street, Edinburgh, not in coii.sequence 
of any knowledge of the Canadian plan, but as 
an original idea. It consists of a rein composed 
partly of thread-covered cat-gut and partly of 
common leather, one end c>i which is attached 
to the bridle at the top ot the horse’s head, while 
the other rests at the pummel of the saddle, or 
on the splash board or coach box, as the case 
may be. Running upon the cat-gut part by means 
of loops, is a short cros.s-piece ol cat-gut, which 
rests against the windpipe ot the animal, ready 
to be pulled up against that organ by taking hold 
ot the nearer end ol ihe rein, A quick and firm 
pull, to stop the breathing of the animal is all 
that is necessary to bring him to an in.stantane- 
ous pause. He may be in a state of panic, and 
running ofiT with the bit between his teeth in >pite 
of every ordinary means of checking him ; but 
no sooner does he feel the stricture on his breath- 
ing, than he is conscious of being outwitted and 
nonplussed, and becomes instantly as quiet as a 
lamb; at the same time he keeps quite firm on 
his legs-— tha cheek not being by any means 
calculated to bring him down. On the contrary, 
the position m which it places the horse, his 
shoulders being brought up, and being pressed 
back upon his haunches, the check is indeed 
eminently calculated to keep him up. A horse 
in a gig fitted up with a safety rein, was lately 
paraded belore ourselves in one of the streets of 
Edinburgh, and the animal was several times in 
the height of his career (once when coming rap- 
idly down hill,) brought to asudden stand. We 
understand that the safety rein is coming rapidly 
into use; and friends as we are to everything 
that lends to diminish evil, and promote the con- 
venience and agreeableness of human life, we 
cannot but wish to see it in universal applica- 
tion. We feel assured, that henceforth, by 
meansof this rein, accidents from running away, 
or other violent conduct of horses, may be al- 
together prevcnted.-[C/iti»i/{'«rs’ Edinburgh Jour. 
From Uie American Agriculturist. 
THE POLICY OF AMERICAN FARMERS.— No. I. 
Iflhe farmers of the Enited Stales arc ever to 
reap the full benefit ot their labor, they mu.sl do 
something beyond raising the largest aniount ol 
products, at the least amount of expense. An 
enlarged and comprehensive view of our cir- 
cumstances and commerce as a nation, and its 
internal and foreign relations, and a general, 
systematic, and concerted action, on the part of 
lire agricultural iiuerests, founded upou '>ucu 
inlorriiatiun, is indispensable to their realizing 
all the advantages to which they are entitled. — 
We see this intelligent and embodied effort in 
eveiy other prolEssion and craft; the clergy, act- 
ing through regular and frequent assemblies, 
for the more efectual pi’omulion of their more 
benevolent objects; the physicians, associating 
for the protection of their profe.ssiun under law, 
and .securing to it the highest amount of intelli- 
gence; the lawyers, in controlling legislation so 
as to secure to the profession the largest bill of 
fees; the mercantile and commercial inieresl.s, 
by their boards of commerce and other active and 
well remunerated agents, influencing national 
laws and commercial regulations tor their own 
benefit; the manufacturing and mechanical in- 
terests, by concerted movements, effecting the 
same objects lor their own pursuits; and even 
the laboring classes, by the well-drilled and effi- 
cient strikes, not unlreqiiently compelling an at- 
tention to their own iiitere.sls, beyond their in- 
trinsic merits. The farmers, it is true, are well, 
indeed amply, protected by an impost on the ob- 
jects of cultivation in tins country sufficient to 
exclude every article they are now engaged in 
producing. The staple productions, grain, veg- 
etables, beef, pork, cotton, &c., have always 
been fully protected, and by the late tariff the 
duties have been so increased on wool, hemp, 
silk, and some other products, to which Ameri- 
cans have been recently turning an increased 
attention, that they can now defy competition 
from abroad. It is not the want ol higher du- 
ties on their crops, which they now require ; it 
is a well-organized, efficient, intelligent, central 
board, supported by funds from the general go- 
vernment, which, procuring information from 
every portion of our wide-spread union, and from 
every foreign nation, with which we can have 
any profitatde traffic, will be enabled to suggest 
new and profitable objects of cultivation; give 
additional value to such as are already receiving 
attention, and mature and communicate for ac- 
ceptance, such modifications ol adopted sys- 
tems, as the constantly varying circumstance s 
of the country require. Such a board was re- 
commended by the illustrious Washington, in 
his last message to Congress, Dec. 7, and 
had his wise counsel been at that time adopted, 
and elikieiitly carried out to the pre.seni lime, 
we might confidently have looked for a succe.ss 
and intelligence in American agriculture, far 
beyond anyiiiiug that the world can now exhibit. 
That the creation of such a board, is at any 
time within the power of our landed interests, is 
clearly manifested in the tact, iliat every officer 
ol our government, legislative or executive, is 
either directly or indueeily elected by the popu- 
lar vote, and at least two-lhirds ot this vote is 
given by those whose entire support is derived 
from agriculture, and one-halt of the remaining 
third is under their controlling influence, so that 
not less than five-sixths ol the popular voice can 
be brought to bear in favor of any measure cal- 
culated to promote Hits object, Tne neglect, 
hitherto, to secui’e the rightful interests ot this 
great pursuit, evinces an apathy and indiffer- 
ence, alike discreditable to the ituelligence and 
patriotism ol the agricultural community. R. 
Improved Farming in Virginia. — Mr. H. 
R. liobbey, near Fredericksburg, Va,, gives us 
the following favorable account of tne effect of 
agricultural papers in improving tne husband- 
ry ol its neighborhood: " When 1 commenced 
iarming, 1 determined to try the new .system of 
husbandry, because I savv the old plan would 
not do; tanners were all going backwards, or 
getting poorer every year; iny new neighbors 
laughed at me, wnen they saw me occupying 
•so much of my lime in hauling mud and sods 
from the swamps to put in my manure pile, and 
asked where 1 gut llial uolioii from. My reply 
was, from the Culiivator. They laughed still 
more, and called me the book farmer, said i 
would soon find out my folly, and go back ui the 
good old custom, as they call it. Many of those 
men have acknowledged since, that I have been 
pursuing the right plan. 1 have now eight bar- 
rels ol Corn growing, where six yeans ago one 
barrel could not be grown; and all my infor- 
mation has been derived from agricultural pa- 
pers. Some of iny neighbor's, for two or three 
years past, have been taking the Cultivator, and 
you can perceive an improvement upon their 
farms already. They are now not content to 
put up with the bare necessaries of life, A 
spirit of improvement seems to have taken hold 
ollhem; they begin to cultivate improved va- 
rieties of fruit lor market and their families ; 
thus adding profit and pleasure, where neither 
could be found belore they began to read agri- 
cultural papers.”— A/k CuUivoAor. 
Wool Growing and Cotton Manufactu- 
ring IN Missis, sippi. — The following is from 
the Natchez Courier of the 11th uU; 
“ We v.'ere yesterday shown, by our valued 
friend, Samuel 'I'. McAllister, E-sq., a couple of 
samples of Wool sent to him by Mr. James 
Brown of Yazoo county. The Wool was of 
the finest, softest texture, far .surpassing any we 
have ever seen. We were surprised when told 
that such an article had been raised in Mi-ssis- 
sippi, where, until the lew years past, but little 
attention had been given to such products, the 
cultivation of Cotton ha^ingoccupied the entire 
time of our farmers. Mr. Brown sends Mr. 
McAllister a bale ol Wool weighing 400 lbs. 
of excellent quality, which fie desires to ex- 
change lor Cotton Goods of Mr. M.’s manufac- 
ture, and writes that he will be able in a few 
months to send him another bale of Wool of 
superior quality. 
“ft is certainly pleasing to sec that ourplant- 
ersare beginning to take an interest in Mr. 
McAlistei’s enterpri.se of manufacturing, and 
to see what advantage pratronizing him will be 
to them. Mr. M. is progressing finely with his 
factory, having as much employment as his 
force can despatch, and making various articles 
of a quality inferior to none in the Union.” 
