THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
15 
tended to be conveyed in this i^aj er, musi by 
this lime have become obvious— vegetable nu- 
trition is the same thing, neither more nor less 
than animal nutrition; governed by the same 
laws, resulting in the same effects, requiring the 
same provision. Gideon B. Smith. 
hie; when cool, mix with it a gallon ol lime to 
each tree, and replace it. If you doubt the eth- 
cacy of this treatment, try it on a few trees this 
tall, and we will bet you a peck of “ Ladies’ 
Blushes” that you’ll subject every fruit tree on 
your farm to the same operation next fall. — 
Amer. Fanner. 
I'lOiii the llulfdlo Commercial Adveniser. 
WHEAT CULTURE. 
The past season has been maiked by some 
important developments in the culture ot wheat. 
Dr. Noble, ot Delaware, has been reclaiming 
a worn-out fartn lor several years by the use of 
street manure obtainea Irom Philadelphia, and 
particularly with the view ot growing this great 
staple. Having brought the soil to a pretty lair 
•State of lertility, he has tried the relative advan- 
tages of planting wheat iu drills, nine inches 
apart, and sowing it broad cast in the usual 
way. The soil and treatment in other respects 
were precisely alike. Ti.e result was 3-1 bu- 
shels on the sown land and 43 in the drilled. 
These experiments were made on fields of some 
acres. 
The soil from which this crop was harvested, 
a few years since '<muld not bear over 6 to 8 
bushels per acre. By planting the kernels just fJ 
inches a part each way, and feeding the plant on 
food containing, in a soluble state, all the ele- 
ments necessary to build up the entire system, 
includtng the materials to form the straw, as 
well as the berry, a gentleman in England has 
grown at the rale of 320 bushels per acre! 
Mr. James Campbell, of Scotland, has tried 
several interesting and successful experiments 
in the way of soaking seed wheat, barley and 
oats .vith a saturated solution ol neutral salts, 
containing as nearlv as practicable the precise 
elements ioimd in the grain. The object of this 
was to secure to the young plant a double sup- 
ply of its appropriate nourishment. The effect 
has been a large increase in the crop, at a very 
trifling expense. 
O.her experiments have been tried in France, 
with a view to determine what portion of the or- 
gmiic as well as mineral elements found in cul- 
tivated plant', is derived from the soil in which 
they grow, and what from the atmosphere. This 
is an important inquiry, and one that should be 
prosecuted in this country. The people of this 
State have paid something more than .f30(),000 
for a geological survey of its territory. A tithe 
of that sum judiciousl}'' expended to diffuse 
among all our rural population a knowledge ot 
the science of agriculture, would confer a ten- 
fold greater benefit on the comrnutiity at large. 
Breadstuffs and p.^ovisions must he produced 
with as little labor in New York as out of it, or 
farming will be a very losing business in the 
Empire Sta'e 
The manufacture of human food, like the fa- 
brication of clothing, will soon be profitable to 
those only that com' ine the greatest skill and 
knowledge with manual toil. If a farmer will 
not study the laws of nature which govern the 
transformation ol certain elenienis of earth, air 
and water into corn, oats and potatoes; and the 
farther changes of these vegetables into pork, 
beef, milk and wool, his hard labor will be of 
little worth. 
An Ancient Rdic.—A correspondent of the 
N. Y. Commercial Advertiser, wri ing frt>m 
Scarborough, England, states that the museum 
in that place contains a pertect skeleton of an 
ancient Briton, dug fr m a neighboring burrow 
or tumulus, six or eight years ago. The skele- 
ton is perfect, it was enclosed in a rude coffin, 
the trunk of an oak tree ot vast dimen.sions, 
roughly hollowed out. The tannin of the oak 
had so preserved the body that considerable por- 
tions ol the hair were still cleaving to the scalp, 
although from various coins, implements and 
weapons of war, &c., found in the coffin, it was 
indisputably proved that the body must have 
been interred at least two thousand years. The 
action of the tannin had also turned the skeleton 
perfectly black. The proportions of this curi- 
ous relic did not justify the common opinion as 
to the gigantic stature and muscular frames of 
the early^Britons. The height did not exceed 
five feet ten or eleven inches, and the bones 
generally were not above the ordinary size. 
The only indication of muscular power was iu 
the amplitude of the chest, and the perfect curve 
of the ribs. 
HINTS FOR TR.VNSPLANTING. 
1. Many persons plant a tree as they would 
a post. The novice in planting must consider 
that a tree is a living, nicely organized produc- 
tion, as certainly aSected by good treatment as 
an animal. Many an orchard of trees, rudely 
thrust into the ground, slrug.;les half a dozen 
years against the adverse condition before it 
recovers. 
2. In planting an orchard, let the ground be 
made mellow by repeated plowing. For a tree 
of moderate size, the hole shoo Id be dug three 
feel in diameter, and twelve to twenty inches 
deep. Turn over the soil several times, and it 
not rich, mix thoroughly with it some compost, 
or well rotted manure. In every instance the 
hole must be large enough to admit all the roots 
easily, without bending. Shorten and. pare 
monthly, with a knife, any bruised or broken 
roots. Hold the tree upright, while another per- 
son, making the earth fine, gradually distributes 
it among the roots. Shake the tree gently while 
this filling is going on. The secret lies in care- 
fully filling in the mould, so that every root, 
and even the smallest fibre, may meet the soil ; 
and to secure this, let the operator with hishand 
spread out the small roots, and fill in the earth 
nicely around every one. Nine-tenths of the 
deaths by transplanting arise from the hollows 
left among the roots of the trees by a rapid and 
careless mode of shovelling the earth among the 
roots. 
3. When the hole is two-thirds filled, pour in 
a pail or two of water. This will settle the soil 
and fill up any little vacuities that may remain. 
Wait until the water has sunk away, and then 
fill up the hole, piessing ihe earth moderately 
around the trees with the foot. The moist earth, 
being covered by the loose surface soil, will re- 
tain its humidity for a longtime, indeed we 
rarely find it necessary to water again after 
planting in this way, and a little muck or litter 
placed around the tree, upon the newly moved 
soil, will render it quite unnecessary. Frequent 
surface watering is highly injurious, as it causes 
the lop of the soil to bake so hard as to prevent 
the access of air and light, both of which, in a 
certain degree, are absolutely necessary. 
4. Avoid the prevalent error (so common and 
so fatal in this country) of planting your trees 
too deep. They should not be planted more 
than inch deeper than they stood before. If 
they are likely to be thrown out by the frost the 
first winter, heap a little mound about the stem, 
to be removed again in the spring. 
5. If your soil is positively bad, remove it 
from the holes, and substi ute a cartload or two 
of good garden mould. Do not forget that plants 
must have fond. Five times the common 
growth may be realized by preparing holes six 
feel in diameter, and twice the usual depth, en- 
riching and improving the soil by the plentiful 
addition of good compost. Young trees cannot 
be expected to thrive well in sod land. When 
aj’-oung orchard must be kept in grass, a circle . 
should be kept dug around each tree. But cul- 
tivation of the land will cause the trees to ad- 
vance more rapidly in five years than they will 
in ten, when it is allowed to remain in grass. 
Orchards. — If your trees have moss on them, 
or their bark is rough, scrape them in the spring; 
but whether they are so or not, take a inixlure 
ofequal parts of soft soap and sulphur, and paint 
the trunks from the roots as far upwrards as you 
can well reach. This wall destroy the insect em- 
bryo, and preserve yonr trees from the girdling 
of mice and rats. And to destroy the Worms 
or embryo which may be in ihe ground, dig 
the earth from around the roots of the trees, for 
a tew feet, and to the depth of a few inches, and 
submit the earth thus up, to the operation of 
From tlie Albany Cullivalof. 
HUHUING. 
Budding is always to be performed v/hen the 
bark peals freely, which takes place when the 
stocks are in a rapidly growing state. Gherries 
and plums should always be budded by the 
middle ot summer; apples and pears often con- 
tinue growing rapidly a month later, and peach- 
es may be done even as late as the commence- 
ment of autumn. 
It is indispensable to successful budding, that 
the sLck be thrifty, and the shoot in which the 
bud is inserted not more than a year or two old. 
No skill can succeed in old or stunted stocks lor 
the canibinm or mucilaginous substance be- 
tween the bark and wood, which hardens into 
the new' wood, and w'hich cements the bud to 
the slock, exists only in .'ulficient quantities for 
this purpose in fast growing branches. 
Every bud is an embryo plant, and the object 
is to transfer this from one tree to another. To 
effect this, it is only necessary that the bud be 
cut smoothly from the shoot with a very .small 
portion of wood with it, and inserted under the 
raised baii<: of the slock in close contact with 
the cambium. Provided the stock is thrifty and 
growing, the bud smoothly cut of!', and closely 
and evenly applied to the slock, the cambium 
uniniured by removing the barks and the bud 
be kept to its place a lew days by a ligature ot 
moileraie pressure; it is of little consequence 
how the operation is performed and there can 
be little danger of failure. 
The common way ol cutting the bark to re- 
move it, is to make a transverse cut and longi- 
tudinal slit, just through it, like the letter T. 
The bud is then slid downwards, under the 
bark, in the middle ot the slit. The whole ope- 
ration should be performed with as little delay 
as possible. 
Whatever mode is adopted, the bark should 
alw'ays he lifted by placing the knife at the 
edge, and not by running it under, as this al- 
ways injures the cambium. 
After the bud is inserted, the w’ hole should 
be covered, except the bud itself, with a liga- 
ture of moistened bass, corn-husk, tow, or other 
soft substance, bound round it with just suffi- 
cient force to press the bud closely on the slock. 
In about two weeks, or as soon as the liga- 
ture begins to cut into the stock, it must be re- 
moved. Early the fidlowing spring, the stock 
is to be cut off a quarter of an inch above the 
bud, and in a direction sloping towards it, and 
all the branches and other buds carelully re- 
moved that the whole nouiishment may go to its 
grow th. Sometimes, as in the apricot, it is best 
to leave two or three inches of the stock abov'e 
the bud, to tie the young shoot so that it be not 
broken dow'n by the w'ind. 
Disappointment very often arises in budding 
the peach and apricot, from the bud.s, though 
well set, being w'inter killed. This may be gen- 
erally avoided by observing on the trees whence 
the buds are taken, on what part of the shoots 
the buds have w'ithstood the preceding winter, 
and selecting accordingly. These will com- 
monly be found to be the earliest formed buds 
on the thriftiest shoots. 
Shoots cut for budding should always have 
the leaves removed as soon as they are taken 
Irom the tree, about a quarter of an inch above 
the bud. They may then, if needed, be pre- 
served several days in damp moss or cloth. 
^^Goitwhileyoidre YoiLng.'^ — The Ouachita 
Courier announces the marriage, in that parish, 
of a gentleman 91 years of ave to a lady of 54. 
The descendants of the bridegroom— children, 
grand children, and great grand children- -num- 
bei no less than 150 sotifs) 
