nnTTT? C^OTT'rrrjT^TTiTvr r^yiT nr-'T'^r a mr>T> 02J 
Xi-i-J JL. irjLJL-iJi,l^^A' V> U JLi - i- JL V ^'TL i ^ .oO 
nothiag ot iho o’ore delicate uperatioiis oi bud- 
ding, graUing, propagating by layers, &c., vvnen 
we are acquainted with the structure ot the 
plants we are endeavoring to control, and com- 
prehend the why and the wheretoreot every step 
we pursue. With this knowledge of vital ac- 
tions, new inodes of culture, and various im- 
provements in the operations ot the art, are con- 
tinually suggested to the refieotive mind.; which 
derives additional pleasure trom the prosecution 
ot scientific experiments., of which tne ignorant 
laboi er, who turns over the soil and sows his 
seeds in precisely the same manner under all 
circumstances, never dreams.” — A- J. Domi- 
ing’s Preface, 
EuROPE.iN Farming. — To those who are ac- 
quainted only with the system of culture pursu- 
ed in the southern States, the enormous rents 
paid for land in Europe, and the prodigious 
amounts of produce obtained from it, must ap- 
pear altogether incredible. Yet, even at the 
risk ot being charged with exaggeration, we 
have thrown together a few statements, gathered 
from our exchange papers, on this subject, lor 
the purpose of showing what thorough cultiva- 
tion ot the soil will accomplish. 
In Great Britain and Ireland nearly all the 
lands that are cultivated, are let to tenants. I 
These tenants pay an annual rent of trom four 
to five pounds sterling: equal to twenty or 
twenty-five dollars per acre. Paying rent at I 
these rates, they have to pay, besides, enornaou-s 
taxes 'to both church and state, and find all the 
means, such as labor, manure, implements, &;C., 
that are necessary to carry on the business ol 
the farm profitably. 
In the year 1811, a certain farm in England 
•of890 acres, was estimated to produce $38,000. 
The manure that was applied that year was 
13,746 one-horse cart loads. The rent was $12 
per acre; the manure cost $12 per acre; and 
interest, taxes, expenses of cultivation, &e., 
amounted to $12 more per acre. And yet after 
all these disbursements, there was a nett profit of 
between 6 and 7 dollars per acre tokhe tenant. 
We notice this farther statement, that near 
London, a hay larm of 160 acres, was rented at 
$12 per acre. A very heavy expenditure was 
incurred for manure ; yet the tenant, even under 
these eircurastances, has become wealthy. 
In Ireland, a poor man rented a single acre of 
ground; built his cottage, and bought his tools 
and manure, at high rates. He bought his seed, 
paid a church tax, supported a family of four 
persons besides himself and his wife, and the 
first year cleared all expenses and had £8, or 
near forty dollars left,. 
These statements, to those acquainted only 
with southern cultivation, as we have said, ap- 
pear utterly incredible. Yet they come .to us in 
such a way as to command our belief. And 
these wonderful results are accounted lor, by 
those who relate them, on a single principle, 
viz; thorough cuLtivation. In this, they say, 
consists the whole mystery. 
The people of the United Slates are beginning 
to understand these things. We remember see- 
ing, some years ago., a .statement that 212 bu- 
shels ol corn had been gathered from an acre in 
the Stale of New York. And we have now be- 
fore us the R.eport of the Middlesex Co-unly 
Agricultural Society’s ComnaUtee on Field 
Crops, in which it is stated that even in Con- 
necticut o/re Aitahrerf ani fifty one bushels and 
eighteen quarts of corn to the acre have been 
produced on the farm ol Mr. Wadsworth. Who, 
knowing these results, and having the spirit and 
energy ot a man, would continue the system ol 
skinning ten acres to get what ought to be pro- 
duced by one? 
Pictures. — We a’'e f ully aware ot the addi- 
tional interest thrown around an agricultural 
paper, by introducing into h representations of 
finesloc-k: and we are resolved that, it possible, 
tlie Cultivator shall not be wanting in tnis at- 
tractive feature. But we must first be assured 
of the means of making such expensive addi- 
tions to it. The vhole enterprise is in the hands 
af'Southern planters. They can make or mar 
it. 
The extensive circulation of the Albany Cul- 
tivator, we have no doubt has been obtained, in 
part, by itsbeaLUilui pictures of beautiful stock. 
And with this circulation its influence has gone 
on increasing. ItsJanuary number contains a 
most exquisite engraving of a cow, which cost 
— not the cow — but the picture of the cow cost 
over two hundred dollars. Well, with its Iweniy- 
five thousand 2 i\\, without a single 
exception, paying their snbseripllons in advanco 
promptly and punctually, it can wellafi^rdto pay 
for s-uch pictures. 
When southern planters display the like spi- 
rit with northern farmers in supporting a publi- 
cation devoted to the promotion ot their best in- 
terests, they will have a paper that will contain 
everything they can possibly desire, either as to 
reading matter or illustrations. 
The Agricultural Press. — Nearly ail our 
exchange papers, for the month of January, 
have come to hand greatly improved, in almost 
every respect, from what they were last year; 
and what is better, their editors, in most instan- 
ces, speak exullingly of the encouragement they 
have received, and of their prospects ibrthe fu- 
ture. This is all -just as it should be, and goes 
to show that the great mass of the people who 
are engaged in tilling the ground, are rapidly 
conquering their prejudices against book farm- 
ing, and are beginning to place the proper esti- 
mate on the labors of those who are engaged in 
furnishing them with correct information on the 
.subject of their everyday business. An editor, 
lately of the interior of New York, now of Ohio, 
was a welcome inmate in every farm house 
where he whs known -had free passage in eve- 
ry .stage in the Stale,, a.i!d free qiiartersin all the 
village hotels: and all this in addition to an ex- 
tensive subscription list, promptly paid in ad- 
vance. That was doing the thing cleverly; 
and appearances now are that since his remo- 
val .to Ohio, the people ofihat State are not going 
to b.e outdone in this sort of substantial courte- 
sy by their neighbors, the people of New York. 
Hence it is, that men having the capacity to 
serve the people, are willing to engage in their 
service., and when soengaged, and thus treated, 
cheerfully devote their w’hole energies to that 
service. 
How very different the .slate of things in this 
respect, now, and twenty-five years ago, when 
Mr. Skinner, the father of the Agricultural 
press in the United States, commenced ifie Ame- 
rican Farmer, wilhoiii a single subscrioer! His 
first number extended to only five hundred co- 
pies; and though it was first arranged to be da- 
ted on the first oj April^ yet it was altered to a dif- 
icrent dale, to avoid the ridicule oi tbe possible 
failure of a fool’s project, comiuenced on ail foot's 
day. 
Cotton. — Those planters who are thinking 
about increasing their crops, so as to make up 
for the leduction in price, would do v.'ell to con- 
sider carefuliy what they are going to do. Let 
them look at the facts disclosed by Prof. Mc- 
Cay’s statement, hereunto annexed, before they 
determine on a course so suicidal. 
We must remark, hovs'ever, that over-pro- 
duction is, by no means, the only cause ; and 
that it is very far indeed from being the most 
efficient cause of the present ruinously low 
price of our great staple. Outrageously unjust, 
unequal and oupressivn national legislation — 
such as no free people, having the means of re- 
sistance, ought to submit to for a single day, is 
at the bottom of most of the disasters the 
South is now suffering. The efiect is the same; 
and !l those who, with their feet on otirii- cks, 
and their hands in our pockets, are fleecing us 
on all sides, can persuade us that the cai/ssot our 
ruin lies, not with them, but with ourselves, 
their great end is answered. They are enrich- 
ed — we are humbugged, plundered and ruineil. 
THE COTTON TJl.ADE. 
Professor McCay, olthe University of Geor- 
gia, in a well considered article in the Mer- 
chant’s Magazine, thus sums up the probable 
production of Cotton for the past year, and its 
probable consumplioxi for .the year to come. 
Bales. 
t'nited States Crop ..2,4611,000 
English Import frora Iivcia. 150,000 
English Import from other places 140,000 
Total supply .2,750,000 
Bales. 
Wants ot the ‘United Stales. .370, OiK) 
“ France from the U. States. . . 420,000 
the Continent from “ ... 180,000 
“ England, 1,480, GOO 
2,450,000 
E.xcess of supply........... 300,000 
Mr. McCay anticipates that this additional 
burthen will be felt very severely. We must 
confess that we thinheotoo. Since he wrote 
his article, cotton has lallen considerably, and 
is at this mom-ent according to quality, from ^ 
to |d. per pound lower than ever before known 
in England, and full to $ of a cent in o^ur own 
country. 
If our planters go on increasing their produc- 
tion, cotton will soon not be worth over 2 to 5 
cents per lb., according to quality, on the plan- 
tation. At this price no man ean live by it. 
What is the remedy? Simply, raise less of 
this and more of other products. Here is one 
thing for example. We believe that a pound 
of fine Merino wool may be raised in that part 
of the south suitable for keeping sheep, as 
cheaply as three pounds ol cotton can be grown. 
The former would be worth 40 cents on the 
plantation at the lowest, the latter not to ex- 
ceed 12 cents, which makes a difference in fa- 
vor of wool-growing of more than 300 per ct. 
But we hear the planters say, well, when we 
get U) raising wool, the price of that must fall 
too. Suppose it does ? It will still be a pro- 
fitable business even at 20 cents per pound;* for 
sheep will enrich your lands and fit them for 
other good crops, while cotton impoverishes 
them. Yet so long as we import woo), (which 
wp still continue to do,) there is little prospect 
of its becoming lower; and when we have sup- 
plied ourselves, we can then look abroad for a 
market. Great Britain alone imports nearly, 
if not quite^ 50,0.00,000 lbs. annually, and France 
a considerable quaqtiiy. Here, then, is a 
chance of a market for a long time ; for we only 
raise now about three-fifths of what Great Bri- 
tain alone imports, and it would be years before 
we could reach the production of 50,000,000. 
In the meanwhile it must be recol;ected that 
our own cotisumption will be rapidly on the in- 
crease. Space forbids our pursuing this sub- 
ject any further in this No., but we intend to re- 
vert to the general subject of grovt ing wool in 
our next . — American Agriculturist, 
