rvfO 
SOUTIIE’^N CULTP^AT^^R 
plicaiioij- Tiir .naiiUic tlius spread wasturned 
in with a lurning plovr about the niiddie of Fe- 
bruary. The 3 loads oJ cotton seed were spread 
and turned in, on 20th March, and re-turned on 
22d with same plow; then laid off 4 feet 10 
inches — iurrows well opened, and planted 2 leet 
apart, 2 grains in a hill, a handful of manure 
put in the furrow on each side of the corn, and 
all covered by running a scooter furrow on each 
side, making a ridge over the corn. When- the 
corn should have been comingtup, the top of the 
ridge was scraped off wdth a board. 
Culture- — The first operation was w'eeding 
with a hoe ; then sided with a scooter plow, 
finishing the m.iddles with a turning plow; then 
Aved again; then plowed with a sweeper;, then a 
fiat hill on one side ot each hill of corn, and in 
about two weeks therealter th.e other side hilled 
in the same way, which completed the cultiva- 
tion. 
The dates of the several workings are not 
recollected ; but it is proper to state that the va- 
rious workings succeeded each other about two 
weeks. The season was good, and the pro- 
duct 96, bushels gallons of corn, and 1561 lbs. 
of fodder. The land and' corn and fodder all 
accurately measured and weighed by com.pe- 
tent disinterested persons. 
Martha Anme Lewis. 
Sparta, Dec. 26, 1314. 
REPORT of the Tillage and Product of one Acre of 
Land in Corn, b-y Thomas C. Grimes, in 1844. 
The land is a stiff red mulatto soil. I put on, 
broadcast, 41X) bushels stable manure; then 
cohered each way ; then opened a furrow, and 
in that drilled the corn, and pul in, al30,-some 
cotton seed as manure. The field was lain off 
in this way, every 3| feet, and so planted. 
I plowed this corn three times. The first 
time i sided with a colter and swept out the 
middles.' The second lime I plowed it out with 
a turning plow; and the third time, swept it. 1 
hoed it twice — once when small, and laid it by 
with the hoe. I thinned it out to about 18 inch- 
es in the drill. The season was' favorable, ex- 
cept in July, when it suffered exceedingly from 
a drought, so much so, the stalks fired to the 
ears, about the linse the grain was forming. 
The product from one acre, 64 busliels and 3 
pecks. Thomas C.. Grimes, 
Sparta, Dec. 26, 1844. 
REPORT of the Tillage and' Product of otie Acre of 
Laud in Wheal, by WiiLSAM. TEaREiL, in 1844. 
The land was plowed twice — well broken up 
and deep; alter which there was applied to the 
surlace from 20 to 25 bushels cotton seed, the 
vegetable principle having been destroyed in the 
seed by having lain in a heap l i il heat^'. After 
the cotton seed was applied broadcast, the wheat 
was sown and plowed in lightly, and the ground 
levelled by drawing over it a heavy brush, 
which left it smooth There was sown, on the 
acre one bushel of wheat called the Moore 
wheat, Irom Warren county, on the Sth. Octo- 
ber, 1843, and cut about the I2th May, 1*844. 
Product 25 and | bushels. \Vm. Terrell. 
Sparta, Dee. 26, 1844. 
REPORT of the Tillage end Product ot one Acre sf 
l.and in Wheat, by B. M. Pendleton, in 1844 
jfibout one-lourih of my land is a dark, rich, 
loamy soil, lying in a shallow bottom or valley, 
and the re.tiainder grey and quite thin, skirting 
a gentle slope ol rising ground. Had been in 
constant cultivation tor tnany years, principally 
in corn. I sowed without any reference to pre- 
mium, about the lOth October, 1843, alter corn 
and peas had been gathered, and ground been 
turned over with an iron turning plow. Put 
about a bushel and a quarter of seed to the acre, 
of little white wheat, soaked in brine and sprink- 
led with lime. Plowed in with a scooter, har- 
rowed and rolled, made water furrows in the 
bottom part, as it had been very wet even for 
corn. About the first of February, came to the 
conclusion to offer for a premium, and scattered 
some fifty or seventy-five bushels of cotton seed 
over it, which told vvell considering the latenes‘3 
of the application. 
Cradled eaily in Jui.e, and whipped out by 
hand, 19^ bushels line merchantable wheat. It 
was free from cockle, smut, and every other fo- 
reign body. The measure u.sed was subse- 
quently found to be a litlle too large. 
The cost of cultivation, manure and gather- 
ing was about ^^12. The value of the wheat, 
straw and chaffj about S24— leaving ^12 profit. 
Sparta, Dec. 26, 1844. E. M. Pendleton. 
REPORT of the Culture and Product of one Acre of 
Land in Cotton, by Richard P. Sasnett, in 1844. 
Soil gray or sandy, good clay foundation ; 
would produce 800 lbs. cotton per acre, without 
manure, February L4th, had the land cohered, 
and water from ditch in horse lot sprinkled over 
pait of it, say two-thirds ; had no means of as- 
certaing the quantity. March 6, had it plowed 
deep with a scooter plow, following in the same 
furrow with a colter; put on 410 bushels ma- 
nure broadcast. This manure consisted prin- 
cipally of pine straw and oak leaves, pretty 
well trampled in the hog pen, but not well rotted. 
March LO, had 320' bushels mud Irom pond 
near horse lot spread broadcast. March 11, 
had 2 cart loads of ashes and shared pine straw 
from, fresh burnt woods, estimated at 100 bu- 
shels. March 18, had 220 bushels compost sta- 
ble manure hauled on to maaivre in l.he hill 
This manure consisted of stable manure, weeds, 
leached ashes and pine straw, penned ia July 
last,, and watered from ditch in horse lot. Not 
well decomposed,, owing to its being put up too 
dry. March 25, cliecked of? the ground 3« by 4 
feet 10 inches. Put a shovel lull of the above 
manure in each check; covered k the wide 
way with a list turning plow. March 29 and 
30, poured over it the contents of ditch, quanti- 
ty unknown, but made the ground quite moist. 
The contents of ihe ditch were made up ol 
drainings from horse loi, and dead animals co- 
vered with pond mud, and at the lime of its ap- 
plication, undergoing fermentation freely. April 
6, split the list with a small cotton scooter and 
pul a single handtuJ of unleached ashes in each 
check; after which 1 pul about thirty cluster 
cotton. seed) in each check, and covered with the 
toot. The seed were rolled in ashes. The cot- 
ton, sprouted quickly and came up well. As 
soon as the fifth leaf began to make its appear- 
ance, it began to die, until it was knee high. 
I continued to re-plant until 1st June, and then 
transplanted 3 or 409 stalkis, about one-third of 
which lived but did not do well. 1 think every 
filth hill is missing. It suffered excessively 
with lice. May I, plowed with a scooter, col- 
ter following pretty deep; scraped round the 
cotton with a hoe, thinning it out to four or fiwe 
stalks. May 12, plowed with a sweeper, fol- 
lowed by a hoe, thinning to 3 stalks, dining it 
slightly with a hoe. May 29, swept it over 
again lightly, follov/ed by a hoe. June 16, gave it 
a slight sweeping, followed by a hoe. July 1, 
chopped it over lightly broadcast with the hoe. 
July 17, gave it another light hoeing broadcast, 
for the last time. August 15, cotnmenced pick- 
ing. November 1, finished picking. Product 
2037 lbs. R. P. Sasnhtt, 
Sparta, Dee. 30, 1844. 
REPORT of th« Culture and Product of o-oe and one- 
third Acres of Land in Cotton, by Benj. T. Harris, 
ill 1844. 
Land high, dry and thirsty ; mixture of long- 
leaved pine and oak timber; a part very stony ; 
in cultivation the- fifth year; amount of land, 
one and one-tliird a 'res. The quantity of ma- 
nure applied not accurately known, as it was 
hauled on the land, before it was designed for a 
premium crop; amount estimated at 25 carl 
loads, drawn by a single team of o.xen. duali- 
ty of manure, a mi.xture ol stable and lot, well 
decomposed; spread broadcast, on I2ihand I3th 
April. Bedded immediately with scooter in the 
old row, being in coiton previous year; 3. feet 9 
inches asunder. Colton ol the variety called 
cluster. Planted on 15th April, by opening a 
small furrow wdlh a scooter, the seed strewed 
moderately thicx and covered with a board. 
May 9, sided with a email scooter with a guard 
board attached, and p:;. -.e,! 'liU a 
large scooter. Mav 13, chopped over, lea- i :g 
from 1 to 3 stalks 15 to 16 inches apart, and dirt- 
ed slightly. May 18, swept over with common 
sweeper. June 5,sidedwilh scooter; plowed 
the remainder of the row with sweeps. June 
12, hoed again and thinned to one stalk general- 
ly. In my absence Irom home, it received a 
sweeping and hoeing, the date of which I am not 
able to give— il was not noted. July 26, swept 
over and hoed again, for the Ifist time. 2291 
lbs. on the whole;; product per acre, 17281 lbs. 
Remarks . — The abov'c lot was worked at such 
times as it was needed'. The several operations 
being conducted in the usual mode. 
S'parta, Dec. 31, 1844. Benj. T. Harris. 
REPORT of the Tillage and Product of one Acre of 
Land in Colton, by R. S. Hardwick, in 1844 
The land light, gray soil, old and quite thin ; 
not able, without manure, to produce more than 
300 lbs. of cotton per acre. Plowed in the or- 
dinary way, and with ordiirary cuirure. The 
crop was planted on the Cloud plan, in part. 
The land was broken up in January with the 
colter, running very deep. It was iro. mediately 
cross-plowed with the turning plow, followed in 
the track by a colter, partially doing what is 
called subsorlmg. The land was then laid off 
5 leet one way and 3' feet the other, with a scoo- 
ter, followed by a double turner, which opened 
the furrows deep and well. There was then de- 
posited in each cl.eck, one half gallon manure,, 
(no manure spread broadcast,) well rotted stable 
manure. After it was deposited, it was bedded 
on, by running two lurning plow furrows on 
each'srdecf the furrows the wide way, leaving 
a small part ot the middle unplowed. 
The rains that fell between this operation and 
planting, so obliterated my iurrows the 3 feet 
way, that I was unable to check off as Cloud 
directs. I was therefore driven to the necessity 
of opening my beds in the usual way, and dril'- 
ling my seed and covering with a board. This- 
operation was the 10th April. The first opera- 
tion was with the hoe, which was simply chop- 
ping about the cotton to break the crust, to keep 
the cotton from dying. About this time the 
balks that were left in bedding the land, were 
plowed with a turningplow ;; this operation was- 
early in May. In some f2 or 14days, the cotloQ 
having taken a rapid growth, the places where 
the manure was deposited were clearly indica- 
ted b} the growth of the cotton. It was fheB 
plowed with a sweeper and chopped out, leaving 
one stalk in a place. In about three weeks, it 
was plowed deep and close with a scooter, fol- 
lowed by a hoe, and slightly wed. In about 
three weeks, the sweeper was again run through 
it, followed* by a hoe. Alter this, say in threfe 
or four weeks, the hoes went through it, and 
chopped wh-at grass there was without attempt- 
ingtodravf any dirt to the cotton. 
The product was 1600: lbs. per acre. 
lu this report, it will be observed, that no ma- 
nure was used broadcast, and only one half gal- 
lon applied to the hill, which took, on the acre, 
183| bushels. It will be also seen, that in my 
judgment, the land without manure, and with 
the common culture, would not have produced 
over 300 lbs. per acre. Therefore, for the trou- 
ble and expense of applying 183 bushel's ol ma- 
nure, with the change ia the method, which re- 
ally amounted to but very little more labor, if 
any. I have increased my crop 1300 lbs. per 
acre. This amount, at the now low price of 
coiton, would be worth S’20; therefore 183 bu-^ 
shels of manure, with the trouble and labor of 
applying it, is worth S20. 
Richard S. Hardwick. 
Sparta, Dee. 31, 1844. 
A Discovery.— Capt. Pittman, of the brig 
Siar, which arrived at New York on Thursday, 
Irom Grenada, says that he has discovered a 
method of* ascertaining longitude without the 
use of a chronometer. Unless we are mistaken 
the British Government many years, since ofier- 
* ed a handsome reward for such a discovery. 
