40 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
®1)C Soutl)£vn (JiultiDtttov. 
AUGUSTA, GA, 
SATUteP AY, MARCH 1, 1845. 
To OUR Exchanges. — Those Agricultural 
Journals with which we exchange will confer 
a favor by addressing to us at Athens in future. 
Manures. — We don’t think those readers 
who like to look into the plain “ why and be- 
cause” ol things can have a much richer treat, 
than is furnished them in the admirable report 
on Manures, by Dr. Porcher, of South Caroli- 
na. 
Colman’s Europe.4n Agriculture. — We 
have read with a great deal of pleasure, and 
profit too, the second number r f Mr. Colman’s 
“European Agriculture and Rural Economy,” 
and we wish it was iti the hands of every man 
in the Southern States: for it furnishes very 
many happy illustrations of what care and skill 
will do in increasing the productions of the soil. 
Far as we are behind the age in respect to our 
system of agriculture, the reader of Mr. Col- 
man’s work will find in it very many reasons 
to congratulate himself on account of the por- 
tion of the earth in which his lot has been cast; 
but especially on account of the institutions un- 
der which it is his good fortune to live. Not 
indeed that we should be satisfied with our situ- 
ation as it now is, and make noeff irttobetierit, 
but that, with all its defects, it is far better, com- 
paratively speaking, than can possibly be en- 
joyed by the corresponding classes in Europe. 
We were about preparing an abstract of this 
number ol Mr, Colman’s work, when a 
synopsis of it came to hand in the Al- 
bany Cultivator, which will be found in another 
column. 
Pork and other Matters. — Our corres- 
pondent, “J,,” whose article we commend to 
the reader’s attention, states the fact that the 
people of Putnam County, last year, paid five 
thousand dollars for the article of pork ; and he 
estimates that the value of three hundred and 
fifty bags ofcotton was thereby consumed. We 
wish “ J.” had pushed his inquiries a little 
farther, and furnished our readers with an esti- 
ma'e of what was paid last year in Putnam 
County for carriages, horses and mules, cotton 
bagging, tubs, pails, buckets, brooms, axe-han- 
dles and axes, hoes, fine boots and shoes, negro 
shoes, saddles and bridles, all of foreign manu- 
facture. Cannot he do this yet, and thus fur- 
nish an array of facts and figures, which, 
convincing every one of the folly of his past 
conduct, will compel him, for the future, to do 
otherwise than make cotton alone, and buy 
every thing that is consumed on his plantation 
except bread. 
Our correspondent also makes the staiemeni 
that there are thirty-five counties in Georgia, in 
which, last year, the like sum was 'spent for 
meat alone. Will “J.” extend the calculation 
proposed to be made as to Putnam County, 
through all the thirty-five counties, and let the 
people see the result'? He has the ability to 
make a decisive impression on the public mind 
as to these matters, it he can be prevailed upon 
to exercise it. 
We subjoin a statement of the keeper of the 
toll-gate on French Broad river relating to the 
same subject; remarking, however, what will 
occur to almost every one, that but a small por- 
tion of .the stock consumed by Georgia comes 
by the French Broad route. 
TABLE, showing the number of horses and mules, 
hogs, black cattle and sheep, that passed over the 
Paint Mountain, in North Carolina, for the South 
Carolina and Georgia markets : 
Horses and Mules. 
In 1840..i5.18l 
“ 1841.. 5, 833 
“ 1842., 3, 840 
“ 1843.. 4, 361 
Hogs. 
52,doo 
54,736 
62,649 
52,612 
Bib. G(,tlle. 
3,243 
3,049 
3,318 
3,a33 
Sheep. 
3,245 
2,357 
3,192 
3,565 
19,215 
Aug®*Vl°( 2,090 
222,302 
4,702 
12,943 
2,656 
12,339 
2,101 
21,305 
227,001 
15,599 
14,460 
The Cash System. — The National Intelli- 
gencer, noticing the new agricultural publica- 
tion, called the “ Ohio Cultivator,” speaks thus: 
“New advocates of this great national pur- 
suit appear to be rising up in all parts ol the 
country. The last announced is that ol the 
'■Ohio CuUivator,’ at Columbus, by M. B. 
Bateham, late editor of the Genesee Furmer. 
From what we hear of his experience, ability, 
and liberal aims, it is to be wished that his suc- 
cess iLay be commensurate with his deserts and 
his most sanguine hopes: though it is nut quite 
clear how his own ‘capital and labor’ can find 
adequate return at the rate of $1 per annum for 
a semi-monthly ‘in quarto form, (8 pages,) ma- 
king a large volume, with a title-page and in- 
dex!’ All, however, that his best friends can 
ask for him is, that his paper (not his person) 
may grow with the growth and strengthen with 
the strength of the flourishing common wealth 
he has chosen as the field lor his industry and 
enterprise. 
“Mr. B. will be entitled to a first-rate premi- 
um if, in the field he has entered, he can teach 
how to prevent the appearance of a weed which 
we understand is very troublesome and unpro- 
fitable to agricultural w'orks, called the ^delin- 
quent subscriber,' and which is said to be very 
apt to make its appearance alter the first year’s 
cultivation of new' ground.” 
F.-om something like thirteen years' experi- 
ence as a political editoi, w'e can speak of that 
most iroublesome and unprofitable weed called 
by the Intelligencer the "delinquent subscriber." 
It is, in truth, a most abominable pest, even in 
those concerns devoted to the cultivation of po- 
litics; and if it were permitted to spring up at 
all in those devoted to the cultivation of the soil, 
they could not exist. 
This difficulty can only be avoided by doing 
as we do, and as nearly every agricultural pa- 
per in the Union does: that is, to require pay- 
ment in advance, in every instance. Aaopling 
this system, and acting on it strictly, enables us 
to pul the subscription dowm to One Dollar per 
annum. "Whereas, if we were to publish the 
paper on credit, and take the risk of delinquent 
subscribers, we could hardly afibrd to publish it 
at Three Dollars. So great is the difference be- 
tween cash and credit, in the business ol pub- 
lishing papers dependent altogether on subscrip- 
tions lor support. 
To many persons, whose word is good, where- 
ver they are known, for thousands, it may at 
first view seem hard that they are denied credit 
for the paltry sum of one dollar, the Unniial sub- 
scription to the Gultlvator. But they have only 
to recollect, that having found it indis ensable 
to establish the rule ol cash payments, as ena- 
bling US to pul the paper at a very low rate, and 
thus bring it within the reach ot every body, 
there can be no exceptions to the rule without 
giving serious offence. 
Political Economy. — Be it distinctly known 
to all w'hom it may concorn, that the Cultivator 
eschews party politics as it would avoid a pesti- 
lence. Nothing shall induce it to depart from 
this determination. Yet there is a science, ha- 
ving a very close connection w'ith politics — not 
party politics though — as well as with the busi- 
ness concerns o! all men, and more especially 
with planters, called political economy. It pro- 
poses to untold the laws which govern the pro- 
duction, distribution and consumption of wealth. 
Discussions connected w'ilh this science come 
properly wdthin the scope and aim of an agri- 
cultural paper; and from the pleasure and pro- 
fit ol such discussions we shall certainly not de- 
bar either ourselves or our readers, even though, 
by those vvtio really know nothing ol what they 
are talking about, it may be insinuated that we 
are meddling with party politics, when our only 
aim shall be to show in what respect the princi- 
ples of political economy may be violated, and 
the interests of the agricultural class sacri- 
fited by either state or national legislation. The 
number and the importance of the agricultural 
class, would seem to us to require this of any pub- 
lication that is faithf ul to their interest. The last 
census shows that about eighty nutol every hun- 
dred of the population of the Utjited States, are 
interested directly in the soil, and derive their 
subsistence from its cultivation. They have to 
bear the chief part of the public burden, when 
the State wants money: they have to shoulder 
the musket when the country is to be defended. 
Their interest is the great interest of the nation, 
which being sacrificed, the nation must sink. 
There is just about the same difference be- 
tween political economy and party politics as 
there is between mid-day sunshine, and mid- 
night darkness. 
Plows. — At first view, it would seem that it 
is a very simple business to make a plow ; — and 
indeed it is an easy matter to make such plows 
as are used in the slovenly agriculture ol the 
South ; — but in other parts of the United States, 
great attention has been bestowed on the im 
provement ol this most important implement. 
And the consequence has been that now a great 
deal more work is done by the same force in the 
;ame time, and it is done a great deal better 
than formerly. In old times, in some parts of 
New England, to plow green sward, required 
a force of three yoke of oxen, with a horse to 
lead, with two drivers, one man at the plow 
handles, another at the beam to keep the plow 
