THE SOUTH 
JULTIVATOR. 
HOTCHKISS’ 
PREMIUM VERTICAL VA'ATER WHtELS. 
F rom ih^ constant operation of neailvtw'o 
thonsand of these -wheels and their appendages, 
in differeio seel ions of the coun ir y, a nd ihe very high 
popular i I y which ihey have al tained wi ihi all tha-t h-ave 
had an oppnr unity of witnessing ihei? ext i aordi nary 
power, the suhseriber feels justified in giving pnblici' y 
to the folio 'i g staienien The use of these vvlieels 
when properly i nl roduced, near ly doubles the value o( 
the mills, and enables them to do a business wliich far 
exceeds the most sanguiiie expecta ion of their owners, 
ntany of whom are gentlemen distinguished for their 
science and praciical skill, and have attested to its 
truth 
The invention was not the result ot mere chatice, 
but of long and careful mathematical calculation, to 
which Ihe subscriber, who is a machinist by profession, 
has devoted most of his t i me,. and wtiich he would be 
happy to iilustralt and explain to any one who may de- 
sire information. Mil'wrights are particnlarly interest- 
ed in becoming acquainted with the principle and ope 
ration of this sort ofwheel ; first, because it p.reseiits 
sufficient inducements to mill owners to alter their 
mills, as it adds sc greatly to their value and that of 'he 
mill site, that would otherwise remain for yeats in their 
old imperfect conditi&H-t — and next, because they will, 
he catied upon to erect new mills, under such heads as 
would admit the use of no other wheet. New mills 
can be built as cheap on this as on the old plan. The 
old can easily be changed to the new; -iiid one year’s 
use of the improvement will pay the expense of alteia- 
tion. Many of these mills have cut ten thousand feet 
of inch pine boards in twenty-four hours, and over 
twelve thousand of hemlock joist in the ^ame period, 
making from 180 to 300 strokes of the saw per minute. 
With equal power and speed they will propel any other 
machinery that may be attached to them, and their du- 
rability alone is a sufficient inducement lor their uni- 
versal introduction. 
The subscriber could produce hundreds of certifica'es 
from gentlemen of capacity, inlell igence and integi ity, 
attes' ing the surprising power ot these wheels ; but as 
ordinary certificates carry bnl little influence, where 
the wri ters are not li nown, it is deemed unnecessary 
to gi ve them here. They embrace the names of gen- 
tlemen of the highest standing in various parts of the 
cou It try, and can be seen, together with an engraved 
plan of the invention and its appendages, by calling 
upon the proprietor. It has received the highest p-re- 
niium at Ihe Fair of the American Institute. 
ITS ADVANTAGES AKE Ist-The Vertical Wheel 
when nsed for saw mills, requires no gearing to pto 
duee from 17-3 to 3(>f slroltes of the saw per minute ; 2d 
—They are as cheaply cons tract ed as the common, flut- 
ter wheet, and will do double the business with the 
same advan lage of water; 3d — Backwater is no impe- 
diment xvhen there i.< a head above ; 4ih — Ice cannot 
form on the wheels ; 5ih — They r/ccupy much less space 
than a lliitler wheel mill ; Cth— Tlie increased speed of 
the saw makes be' ter lumber, cuts the same distance 
with less resistance, and the saw dust is freely tlirown 
off, wh’ch often returns with the saw, causing it to 
bind and heat, with slow rnilfs ; 7lh — They can be 
placed on the shaft of a common fii-vlter wheel mill, if 
in good order, and hung upon the same bearings if su f- 
ficietii ly strong to sustain the power of the wheels; 
8th —The wheels bei ng of cast iron, will last an age. 
They also const i tu ' e the requisi le fiy or balance wheel, 
securing a uniform motion, in all parts of each revo- 
lution ; 9ih —The introduction of mills is reduced to a 
plain system, so that if the head of water is known, 
the' result is a mathematical certainty; lOth — Any 
workman havi tig the paHerns, a model and table of 
calculations, can adopt mil Is loany location, with pet 
lect success; 1 1 th— The improved mode of feeding is 
much approved of, by tho.se who have adopted ft. 
The undersigned tespecllully calls the attention of 
all persons interested in mills, to Ihe foTlovr’ing certiff. 
cates of Mr. Dove, and Col Gamble, and the card ac- 
ccompanying them. Arra RAT, Feb. 17, 1845. 
Mr G. IIotchkiss—'Dea.r ■. The success of the ex- 
periment I have made o( your Vertical Wheel, in my 
saw mill, has been so coaiplele — its execution so far 
beyond my most saiign i ne an tici pal ion. that I cannot 
forego the pleasure of adding my mite of testimony to 
the many certificates you already have of the excel 
lence and superiority of your improved Vertical Wheels 
Although I h ive undertaken but a moiety of the im- 
provements proffered to be made by you in the ma- 
chinery of my mill, yet with all the inconvenience of 
worn and defective works, (your wheel being all 
that I have put in,) inadequate to co-operate with the 
evol at ions of the 11 eu-, I ha ve no hesi tat ton i n saying, 
that the value of my mill has been doubled Previous 
to the change, I could saw with the old machinery 
1700 feet of inch boards per day. but required a full 
head of water — with the same head and the same labor, 
I can now, with ease, saw 3000 feet I have formerly 
lost an average of fifty days in the year, owing to the j 
frequent repairs necessary from the breaking off of 
buckets in the flutte/ wheel, and inability to work in 
back-water — all of which delays will now be obviated 
by the durability of your wheeks and their adaptation 
to work, even when covered with the back-water. To 
propel my old wheel, it required 300 inche- of water 
and 7| feet head ; under w’hic h the saw gave 160 stroke.- 
per minute, thecr-.aiik r2 inches: — your wheel requires 
but ’210 inches of water u-iih 7 feet head : and gives the 
saw -280 strokes pc mi n u te— crank the same. 
Oil Wednesday, the Igih instant, I gave the mill a 
trial for the purpose of testing your woiks, to \t hich a 
number ofgsnileinen were present. It cut a line in 2 
minutes ai>d 20 seconds, through a 12 inch stock, 20 
feel long; and cut 2 lines (including setting Ihe log) 
in 5 ii>iiu>les ; in 15 minutes, it cut 260 feel, of inch 
hoards ;- completing 2125 feel of inch boards in 6^ 
hours 
I cheerfully recommend your improved wheel to the 
attent ion nl m i I l-nwners, as bet ng far su perior in cheap- 
ness, duralulity and fitne.-s. to any thing I have before 
seeir. a-nd am confident that any oire w itnessing the 
performance of in V mill, will go and ‘'do likewise." 
Respeelful ly, ynrurs, J. A. Dove. 
We, the undeFsigned, attended at Mr J. A. Dove’s 
mill, on Wednesday. I2th instant, for the purpose of 
wi 1 ne.ssing its operat ion propelled by Mr . G. Hotchkiss’ 
Vertical Wheels, and cordially unite in endorsing the 
above slaJemeni of Mr Dove, as to its operation on 
that day We also hereby express nu,r uiiq.ualified ap- 
prohatioir of the pre-eminetiee arrsi’ val ue of your wheel. 
E Palmer J B Martial Joseph D Thomas 
D-ivid F Dickinson S Sumner L B Beal 
LauJTrotii L S Gatlin .John Chavous 
Benj H Harris S M Cadle 
Augusta. Feb 19, 1845. 
' I have examined Hotchkiss’ Vertical Water Wheel, 
now irr operation at Mr Dove’s mill, in this county, 
and have no hesitation in declaiing it as my opinion, 
that it is the best application ot water power for dri 
vi»g machinery, that I have ever seen ; aird Ironsider 
it for mills -and manufacturing generally, as one of the 
most valuable improvements of the day. 
Roger L. Ga.mble. 
I-elters addressed to me at Augusta, or my 
agent, R Guernsey, will receive prompt allentiori. 
113 = All infringer-nen's upon rny patent, will be pro- 
ceeded against to the extent of the law. 
3 GIDEON HOTCHKISS. 
BATON’S S.ArtEJ TARIPS. 
A new ARTICLE, superior to all oihers 
for this purpose, emitting a good clear light with- 
out smell or smoke, at an expense, counting lard at 8 
cents a pound, of about a quarter of -a cent an hour. 
These Lamps have been satisfactorily tested, and are 
recommended as “just the thing’’ for the use of pl-an- 
ters, and ail others who study utility, neatness and eco- 
nomy. A supply of the above Lamps, with Fillers and 
Wicks for ik&m, for sale by 
i Havtland, Rislev & Co. 
TEXAS COTTON SEED, 
subscriber offers ibr sale, Cot- 
ton Seed of very superior quality. The 
original stock was procured in Texas, and culti- 
vated on his plantation in Newton county, for 
the last three years, with extraordinary success. 
The yield is mucli larger, and the quality superior 
to the Petit Gulph or other kinds of Cotton usu 
ally grown in this section of country. 
Planters who purchase a supply of the seed 
may rely upon suliicient increase in product of 
the first crop to refund the outlay for seed. 
Planters who ta ■ e an interest in improvements 
of this sort, are referred to tire annexed certifi- 
cates, and the Cotton raised from the seed may 
be seen at the warehouses of Adams & Hop'Tns 
and Clark & Roberts. 
JOHN W. GR.WES. 
A supply of the above described Cotton Seed 
is offered for sale at the following places, at five 
dollars per bushel : 
Adams & Hopkins’s Warehouse ' 
Clark & Roberts’s do. 
D’Antignag & Evans’s do. 
Hand & Williams’s Store, 
McKinley & Martin’s Store, Madison, 
Hill, Morrow & Hill’s Store, 
D. Dickson & Co.’s Store, 
Augusta. 
J 
Social Circle 
Madison. October 29-, IS44. 
Dear Sir— I regret it was not m my power yt s- 
terday, when I saw you, to give you any opinion 
with regard to a small lot of cotton 1 have grow- 
ing from seed presented to me last spring by my 
friend John W Graves, Esq. Since then, how- 
ever, I have been to my plantation and made com- 
fiarison ol it with my crop of cotton, and now 
take pleasure in saying to you, it is a superior ar- 
ticle in point ot fineness and length of fibre, con- 
taining more lint on the seed, and will yiehi much 
more from the same quantity ot land planted- 
J am respectfully, dear sir, 
Your obedient servant, 
[Signed] Wm. Johnston. 
G eorgia, Newton^ Cou n ty : 
I hereby certify that I obtained from John W. 
Graves, of this county, a sack of Cotton Seed, 
(which he represented o' superior quality intro- 
duced from Tepcas,) which I planted last spring, 
find to exceed my most sanguine expectation. 
1 planted u two ,r tiiiee w-e.-s aiter my oilier 
cotton, (vvhich is the Petit Gulph,) and notwith- 
standing the season vv s drv and unfavorahle 
throughout the vear (the growing season) yet it 
is by far the best cotton I ever made. I think by 
the time it is all gathered, the be -t pan will yield 
2000 to 2.500 p'jiinds pei acre. My neighbors who 
have :seen it are of tne sane opinion. Prom the 
trial I have made, I believe it vvill yield double as 
much as my other cotton on land of the same fer- 
tility [Signed] Jackson Harwell. 
■24th October, 1844. 
Georgia, Morgan County ; 
This is to certify that i am neighe ’•to JoLlT 
McNeil, Esq., and that he last spring nt a load 
of Texas Cotton Seed from John VV J.-aves, 
Esq., ot Newion county, and [ilanted them on 
what I consider average land of his farm j and 
from frequent observation of tlie crop, with his 
other cotton, (which is the Petit Gulph,) I do be- 
lieve it will tarexcel any other cotton I haveever 
seen raised in this section of country. And I 
also believe that the staple ex.’els any other I 
have ever examined. a.=i tu fineness and color 
[Signed] John P. Evans. 
Augusta, October 30, 1844. 
John W. Graves, Esq. : 
Dear Sir — Having been called on by you to 
make a statement in relation to your Texas Cot- 
ton, we take pleasure in saying, that for the last 
two or three years we have received at oar ware- 
house your cotton crops. The quality has inva- 
riably proved very superior, both as to color and 
length of staple. On sale, it has always br( ught 
the highest market price. VVe consider it a very 
superior article in the cotton line. 
Your obedient servants, 
Adams Hopkins, 
Mr. John T. McNeil i 
Dear 8ir — We have received the two bales of 
Texas Cotton sent by you to us, and take pleas- 
ure in saying that in color and length of staple it 
is superior to anything we have seen ; and cheer- 
fully recommend it as such as will always bring 
the highest market price. 
Your obedient servants, 
n5-wp&Ctt Clark & Roberts. 
COUTEHTS OF THIS TiUMBER. 
Analysis of Soils and Crops — suggestions,, ... ,page 49 
Ar 1 icboke, the. . “ 45 
Census Takers, to “ 43 
Circular of Messrs. Skinner and O’Rielly “ 47 
Colman’s European Agriculture “ 44 
Corn, close planting of — An Experiment. .... . “ 39 
Fact for the curious “ 45 
Farmers “ 45 
Farmers’ Boys, to. “ 45 
Flowers, charcoal as a mamire for “ 41 
Hemp, culture and water rotting of “ 3-3 
Horticultural Outline— ('continued) “ 46 
Lice on Cattle to destroy “ 47 
Manuies, Dr. Porcher’s Report on “ 37 
Meeting in Mtlledgeyille — Address ts Ihe Peo 
pie ot Georgia..; “ 42 
Meeting in Harris County — preamble and re- 
Planters, advice to “ 42 
Plows, subsoil “ 47 
Tobacco, Cuba, cultivation and curing of “ 35 
Warm Bed lor Pigs “ 45 
Editorials, etc. -^Manui es ; Colman’s European Agri- 
culture; Pork and other ma Lets; 1 be Cash System ) 
Political Economy I Plows; Grape Vines; Lard 
Lamps; Improvements in Vit ginia, 40— 41. 
Brcn rn Corn, -33 ; Law for the Pi oleclion of Fruit, 43; 
A Cure. 45; To secure handsome Baisams, 45 ; Milk, 
46. 
@:l)e Soutl]crii (Jlultiirator 
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BY J. W. & VV. S. JONES, PROPRIETORS. 
EDITED BY JAME.S CAMaK, OF ATHENS, GEO. 
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