’HE SOUTHERN GUETIVATi 
amelioration of double Flowers, can have no 
relation to proliferous or discoid Flowers. 
VII, SEXES. 
186. The sexes consist of two or more whorls 
of transformed leaves, of which the outer are 
called Sia-'tiens (183,) and the incxcr Fishlliim, 
(191.) 
187. They are known to be modifications of 
leavesj because they frequently are transformed 
into petals which are demonstrably such f 149,) 
and because they occasionally revert to the state 
of leaves. 
188. The stamens bear at their apex an or- 
gan, called the author, which contains a powder 
called 'pollen. 
189. When the anthor is full grown it, opens 
and emits the pollen, either dispersing in the 
air in consequence of the elasticity with w'hich 
it opens; or deposuig it upon the stigma (191,) 
or exposing it to the action of wind, or such 
other disturbing causes as may liberate it from 
it.s case. 
190. The- pollen consists of exceedingly min- 
ute hollow balls, or cases, containing myriads 
of moving particles, which are the fertilizing 
principle of the stamens. 
191. Thepislillum has at its base one or more 
cavities or cells, in which bodies called ovnla 
are placed; and at its apex one or more secre- 
ting surfaces called stigmata. 
193. The uvula are the rudiments of seeds. 
193. If the fertilizing powder of the pollen 
come in contact with the stigma, the ovula in 
the cells of the pistillum are vivified, and be- 
come seeds. 
194. But if this contact does not take place 
the ovula cannot possibly be vi'vified, but shrivel 
up and perish. 
195. The phenomenon of vivification takes 
place in consequence of the descent of a por- 
tion of the moving particles (190) of the pollen 
into the ovula, where such particles form the 
commencement of future plants. 
196. In wild plants a stigma is usually acted 
upon only by the pollen of the stamens which 
belong to it. 
197. In this case the seeds thus vivified will, 
when sown, produce new’ individuals, differing 
very little from that by which they were them- 
selves produced. 
193. A nd, therefore, wild plants are for the 
most part multiplied from generation to gene- 
ration without change. 
199. But it is possible to cause deviations 
from this law, by artificial means. 
290. If the pollen of one species is placed up- 
on the stigma of another species, the ovula will 
be vivified ; and what is called, a hybrid plant 
will be produced, by tliose ovula when they 
shall have grown to be seeds. 
201. Etybria plants are differenl from both 
their parents, and are generally intermediate in 
character between them. 
202. Th'^y have little power of perpetuating 
themselves by seeds, but they may if woody be 
perpemated by cuttings (3i2,) buds (354,) sci- 
ons (335.) &c. 
203. riierefore, no hybrids but such as are of 
a wuody perennial character can be perpetu- 
ated. 
204. It usually happens that the hybrid has 
thr ctinstitoli ,n and general aspect of the polli- 
;niferous parent; but is influenced in secondary 
char-acier.s by the peculiarity of the female pa- 
rent. 
205. 4'his sh 'uld alvvays be borne in mind in 
prorunrg ' -w hybrid plants. 
20t; [teailv uybtid plants must not be con- 
founded vvi;!i -uch as are spaceous. in conse- 
quence of mcir ontrin being between two vari- 
eties ol me satne species, and not two species 
cd the same genus. 
307. Hybrid plants, although u'ncapable of 
perpetuation by seed, are often more abundant 
flo'.verers than either parent. 
208 This is probably connected with consti- 
tutional debility, (162.) 
Pennyroy.al, it is said, if woven in Iheir nests, 
will protect hens from vermin. 
FraiiMiii College, 
FIVE MILES EAST OF NASHVILLE, TENN. 
This Institution, which is the first of the kind 
that has been attempted in America, will com- 
mence its first session on Wedne.sday, the first 
day ol January, eighteen hundred and forty-five. 
Franklin College was chartered by the Legis- 
lature of Tennessee, January 30th, 1844. Since 
which time a kitchen 24 by 20 feet, a dining 
room GO by 30, and a college edifice 120 by 40 
feet, three stories high, containing a large hail, 
rooms for societies and recitations, and fifty 
rooms for students, have been erected, and will 
be in readiness by the time specified. I’h?' 
buildings are of brick, and Ihe workman.ship is 
of the most substantial character. The Trus- 
tees believing confidently ihis Institution will be 
a decided improvement on the pre.sent plans of 
training youth, and a permanent benefit to the 
country, avail themselves of this means of pre- 
senting to the public, a synopsis of the system 
which will be adopted, the names of the faculty, 
costs of the establishment, &c. The charter 
contemplates a combinaiion of physical, intel- 
lectual and moral culture, and the Trustees and 
Officers are of the opinion, this is the only plan 
upon which an energetic, intellectual and moral 
race can be reared up. 
1. Piiysic.4L Dep.-irtment.— Tosecure heahh, 
vigorous constitutions, sound minds, and good 
raorahs, a sufficiency of Agriculture to teach 
the properties and improvement of soils, the 
proper cultivation of the diflerent grains and 
grasses, andthe management of larm stock, also 
horticulture and orcharding in all their branch- 
es, and the mechanic arts, will be introduced. 
Each student, as an indispensable part of his 
education, will devote from two to five hours 
per day, to some one or more branches of phv- 
sical industry. The profits accruing from t he 
labor, after paying for materials, and rents, will 
belong to the students. This is the system 
which has been adopted in the best colleges ol 
Europe, and it is fondly believed no department 
will be more pleasant than the physical in the 
United States, when properly understood and 
put into practice. Thus the rich will be taught 
the value of property, and indigent and aspiring 
young men, will acquire the means of paying 
for their education. 
2. Intellectual Department. — As lull a 
course of English and classical literature, math- 
ematics and general science will be adopted as 
at any College of the United States. A fist ol 
books will be given, with the laws of the Insti- 
tution, so soon as the Faculty can convene. 
3. Moral Department. — Under this bead 
will be introduced Sacred Histoiy, Music, Dis- 
cipline and personal accomplishments. The 
Bible, Ancient Geography, History and Dic- 
tionaries, will be the only books employed in 
Sacred Historv. Music will be a daily exer- 
cise ol the College. The discipline will be firm 
but parental. A plain and cheap uniform will 
be selected so soon as circum.stances will justi- 
fy, and the greatest pains will be taken to im- 
prove the manners ol students. 
In addition to the regular College department 
of Freshmau, Sophomore, Junior and Senior 
classes, there will be a Juvenile and Preparato- 
ry department. Boys after arriving at the age 
of five years will be taken into the Juvenile de- 
partment, and a teacher or teacheiV will spend 
the whole time with them. 
In the Juvenile department the first principles 
of English Education will be taught. In the 
Preparatory Department, students will be made 
ready for the regular classes of the College. 
The collegiate year will consist of one-ses- 
sion of ten months or forty-two weeks, and no 
student will be taken for a less time, or from the 
time of entering to the close of session, and it 
the entry is made within two months ofthe open- 
ing of the session full price will be charged. 
One day in each month will be set apart for vi- 
siting. Half the expenses will be required when 
students enter College, and the balance vrill be 
due the first of June in each year, and if the 
fees are not paid at the appointed time, interest 
will be charged. 
Charges.— Plain, substantial and wholesome 
tare, comfortable rooms and fire wood will be 
furnished at SG9 F®*" annum. Tuition fees in 
the Juvenile Department will be S20. in the 
Preparatory class, $30, in the College proper, 
$40. Five dollars will be required from each 
student as a matriculation tee, for the purpose 
ot purchasing books and apparatus. 
Thus it will be observed the whole cost of 
boarding, room rent, fuel, and tuition will range 
Irom $80 to $100 per annum. Students ivill 
Inrnish their own rooms, and pay tor them 
washing; also the Professor of Music will be 
entitled to a small extra tee. 
Faculty. — Tolbert Fanning, President and 
Proiessot of Intellectual and Moral Science, 
Natural History, Agriculture and Horticul- 
ture; I N. Loomis, Professor of Mathematics, 
Chemistry, Mechanic Arts, and Assistant Pro- 
fessor of Horticulture ; John Eichbaiim, of 
Tenn., Prutessor ot Ancient Languag-.s, and 
Assistant Professor of Aigricullure and Fiorti- 
culture; E. S. Chandler, of Ohio, Professor of 
Music; A. J. Fanning of Mississippi, Princi- 
pal of Preparatory Department ; P R. Runnels, 
of Tennessee, Principal of the Juvenile Depart- 
ment, B. Embry, Steward, and Principal of the 
Boarding tlonse, under the advice and direc- 
tion of the Faculty. 
Tru-stbes. — T. Fanning, Jfto. W. Richard- 
son, Stewartsborough, Tenn., Geo Vv. Martin, 
Nashville, James H. Foster, do., Edward Tra- 
biie, do., B. Embry, do., W. H. \v barton, do , 
Turner Vaughan, Ladago, Tenn,, Jno. Simp- 
son, Sparta, Tenn.,,Jno. A. Gardner, Gardners, 
ville, Tenn., Thus. Martin, Pulaski, Tenn., D. 
G. Ligon, Moulton, Ala., David King, Russell- 
ville, Ky., Jno. Shelby, Nashville, Andrew- Ew- 
ing, do., Beverly Nelson. Mt. View, Tenn., 
J. R. Wilson, Nashville, Frank McGavock, do. 
A limited number ol Students will be laken, 
and applications may be made through the Pre- 
sident or Secretary, B. Embry. Persons who 
have indulged their sons in habits ot idleness 
and extravagance, will please not apply for situ- 
ations, and it is the request ofthe Trustees that 
none shall attend the Institution, who are not 
determined to be educated, and who cannot bear 
the strictest government. 
Jassimine. — The Jassimine is celebrated more 
for the delicacy of its odor and flowers, than for 
the pretty love legend connected with its Euro- 
pean history. The custom which prevailed in 
some countries, of brides wearing Jassimine 
flowers in their hair, is said to have ari.sen from 
the following circumstance: a grand duke of 
Tuscany had, in 1699, a plant of the delicious- 
ly-scented Jassimine of Goa, w'hich he was so 
careful of, that he would not suffer it to be pro- 
pagated. His gardener, however, being in love 
with a peasant girl in the neighborhood, gave 
her a sprig ot t.bis choice plant on her birthday ; 
and he having taught her how to make cuttings, 
she planted the sprig as a memorial of his affec- 
tion. It grew rapidly, and every one who saw 
it, admiring its beauty and .s\veetne.ss, wished to 
have a plant of it. These the girl supplied from 
cuttings, and sold them so well, as lo obtain 
enough money to enable her to marry her lover. 
The young girls of Tuscanj', in remembrance 
of th is adventure, always deck theni-selves on 
their wedding day with a nosegay ol Jassimine, 
and they have a proverb, “ that she who is wor- 
thy to wear a nosegay of Jassimine is as good 
as"a tbrtune to her husband .” — Weslern Cull. 
Subsoil Plows.— Tn many soils, not otherwise 
rich enough for corn, it would be a good practice 
to make a furrow six inches deep, in the fall with 
a common plow, then let a subsoil plow run in 
this furrow ten or twelve inches more; and it 
would be still better to put cornstalks and other 
manure in th's trench, and list it in, when thor* 
oughly wet, with a small plo« or hoe ; the land 
to remain in this state till planting time. The 
subsoil plow is valuable ; by its use the soil will 
be less wet in great rains, and more moist in 
■greatdrouth. Where the subsoil plow is used, in 
