118 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
Phosphate of Lime (with traces of Magnesia) 61.64 
Phosphate of Polassa (with traces of Soda) dl.bl 
Sulphate of Potassa 
Silica 
Carbonate of Lime ^'ok 
Carbonate of Magnesia ^6 
Chloride of Poiassitim 2u 
Carbonate of Potassa '1 
Sulphate of Lime I 
Sulphate of Magnesia, yandloss., L64 
Alumina and oxides of iron and I 
manganese in tr.ices, J 100.00 
In comparing the above table with that afford- 
ed by the cotton wool, a marked dissimilarity 
presents itself. The ash of the cotton seed is 
fourfold that of the fibre : while the former has 
also treble the phosphoric acid possessed bj the 
latter, as will the more clearly appear, when we 
present the analysis under another form, cor- 
responding with the second table under cotton 
whitish ash stained in points of a bluish green 
color. 
Its composition was as follows: 
Carbonate of Potassa, (with traces of soda) 60.00 
Phosphate ofLime, 14.57 
Phosphate of Magnesia, 5.60 
Carbonate of Lime, 5.39 
Carbonate of Magnesia, 3.80 
Chloride of Potassium 4.60 
Sulphate of Potassa, 4.35 
Silica, . 70 
Chloride of Calcium...... 
Sulphate of Magnesia and Lime,. ..... ! ^,^3 loss 99 
Alumina, ’ 
Oxides of Iron and Manganese in traces, J 
100.00 
One hundred parts of the ash from the sweet 
potato tuber, contains then the following inor- 
ganic principles, which must have been with- 
drawn from the soil : 
wool : 
Phosphoric Acid, 
Lime 
Puiassa 
Sulphuric Acid.. 
.45.85 
,29,79 
,19.40 
. 1.16 
95.70 
Pota.ssa. 
Phosphoric Acid 
Lime 
Magnesia 
Potassium 
Chlorine 
Sulphuric Acid. 
.4.3 59 
,11.08 
10.12 
, 3.80 
, 2.42 
. 2.18 
, 190 
Fi-om the foregoing analysis it would appear 
difficult to imagine a vegetable compound, bet- 
ter adapted for fertilizing land, than the cotton 
seed; nor can we any longer be surprised at the 
well known fact, that soils long cropped with 
this staple without a return to them of the in- 
organic matters withdrawn in the seed, become 
completely exhausted and unproductive. 
Ill— INDIAN CORN. 
One hundren parts heated to redness in a cru- 
cible, so long as a brightly burning flame was 
emitted, lost 81.05 parts. The completely char- 
red residuum on being ignited beneath a muffle 
upon a platina foil, until all the carbon was 
consumed, left 0.95 parts, or less than 1 per cent, 
of an easily flowing clear glass. This ash has 
the following composition : 
silica 38.45 
Potassa, (with traces ofSoda). 19 51 
Phosphate of Lime 17. 17 
Phosphate of Magnesia 13.83 
Phosphate of Potassa 2.24 
Carbonate of Lime. 2,50 
Carbonate of Magnesia 216 
Sulphate of Lime ^ 
Sulphate of Magnesia, ) 
Silica, mechanically present 170 
Alumina traces... 
Loss 1.65 
100 00 
Omitting the silica as an unimportant loss to 
the soil, and the carbonic acid which is a pro- 
duct of the analysis, we have in every 100 parts 
of the ash of the Indian corn, the following im- 
portant inorganic constituents: 
Potassa, 20.87 
Phosphoric Acid,... 1880 
Lime, 9.72 
Magnesia 6.76 
55.15 
That is to say, for every 1000 pounds of In- 
dian corn sold from an estate, the land is robbed 
of lbs, inorganic matter, whereof about 5ri 
lbs. consist of principles of prime value to all 
species of crops.* 
IV.— SWEET POTATO, (YAM.) 
The tubers analyzed, though fresh from the 
market, were obviously drier than when first 
harvested. 
One hundred parts of the thinly sliced tubers, 
on being thoroughly dried at a temperature of 
200®, lost 58.97 per cent, of water. 
One hundred parts of the undried potato gave 
1.09 parts, or rather over one per cent, of a 
'In a recent number of the Boston Journal of Natu- 
ral History, I observe some observations by Dr. Charles 
T. Jackson, on the inorganic constitution of Indian 
corn, wherein Dr. J. supposes phosphoric acid to be 
present in the grain, in a free or uncombined state. — 
The experiment which led him to lorm this conjecture, 
did by no means succeed in my hands as described by 
him ; for allhough the grain was repeatedly incinerat- 
ed upon a bright platinafoil under muffle, still the me- 
tal lost none of its polish or malleability. Neither can 
1 agree with Dr. J. in his opinion of the presence of 
amnaonia as a base in Indian corn, the volatile alkali 
obtained by him, being a product rather than an educt 
of the analysis’ 
[S. C. Temperance Advocate.] 85.09 
From the Spirit of the Times. 
TME 
“Think, while we talk of horses, that yon see them 
Printing their proud hoofs i’ the receiving earth ” 
Shakspeare. 
All horses of a superior kind are said, and 
with evident probability, to have proceeded pri- 
marily Irom Candahar, Cabul, Mooltan (the 
ancient Bectria and Sogdiana,) and more par- 
ticularly from Pupje-Awb, a tract so denomina- 
ted because it is situated between five streams, 
which, in Mooltan, join the great River Indus, 
or Scinde, that runs into the Persian Sea ; j ust as 
Mesopotamia was styled by the Greeks ‘-Inter 
amnas,” from being in the midst of two rivers, 
and the same extent by the Persians Doo-Awb, 
two waters, from its position between the Tigris 
and Euphrates. Punje-Awb is celebrated lor 
its luxuriant pastures, which havereared for 
many ages a considerable number ol fine horses. 
Dealers from the Turcoman, Usbec, and Cal- 
muc Tartars, as well as from every part ol Per- 
sia and India, repair to Lahore and its confines 
lor the purchase ol colts, and also of young 
can els and dromedaries, which they carry off, 
lightly laden with fruits, shawls and lurs, in 
numerous caravans. A toll being exacted for 
every horse on the Irontier of every province 
through which they pass, the price of them be- 
tcre they reach their destined market is render- 
ed proportionably dearer. 
From the countries above mentioned, this 
paramount breed ol horses spread, in process of 
lime, eastward to India and China ; northward 
to Tartary; westward to Persia, Syria, and 
Asia Minor; and southward to Arabia, Egypt, 
Abyssinia, Ethiopia, Lybia,Numidia and Mau- 
ritania. From the northern coasis ol Africa the 
Moors transported them into Spain, and thence 
they were introduced into every pari ol Europe. 
Climate, assortment of Ibod, exuberance of 
herbage, daintiness or coarseness of fodder, and 
training or management, create the difference 
observable in the bulk, shape and quality ol 
horses. From the rank grass upon which they 
feed in Holstein, Freisland, and the Nether- 
lands, the Flemish, Dutch, and Jutland horses 
become ol an extraordinary corpulence and 
stature. Such, under the designation ol Flan- 
ders mares, V ere formerly lashionable inEng- 
and for the equipages^of courtly dames, but they 
are now solely and properly confined to the dray. 
“A perfect horse,” says Cameiarius, “ is an 
assemblage of the excellency of many animals. 
He should possess three parts like a woman — 
an expanded chest, protuberant hips, and a long 
mane. In three things he should resemble a 
lion — in ferocity of countenance, in fortitude, 
and irresistible impetuosity. He must have 
three things appertaining to a sheep — the nose, 
gentleness, and patience; three of a mule — 
strength, perseverance, and sureness of loot ; 
three of a deer— head, legs, and skin ; three of 
a wolf— throat, neck, and hearing; three of a 
lox— ears, tail, and rate ol trot. Three ol a ser- 
pent — memory, sight, and flexibility; and three 
of a hair— running, walking, and pertinacity.” 
The walk ol a partridge, which in its air and 
gait, is most stately and graceful, would have 
been a mrre apt similitude. 
The horse is, in temperament, generous and 
proud; in frame vigorous and powerful. He 
is a gregarious and sociable animal. When 
they assemble in herds ol five or six hundred, 
whilst grazing or sleeping, they have constantly 
a sentinel on the watch. When this vidette 
perceives a human figure, he approaches confix 
dently both to examine and to intimidate him, 
II the man advances he snorts, as a signal of 
alarm, upon which the herd instantly escapes; 
the vigilant sentinel bringing up the rear and 
biting those which are hindmost. He calls by 
neighing, and fights by kicking and biting. The 
wild ass is his inveterate foe. He rolls when 
he sweats. He eats grass closer than the ox, 
and in evacuating, disseminates the seeds that 
remain undigested. He never vomits. He is 
more peculiarly hurt externally by d stroke up- 
on the ear or on the stifle, by being caught by 
the nose in barnacles, and by rubbing his teeth 
with grease. He is injured internally by the 
herbs padus, phalandria, crucalio, and canops, 
but devours hemlock without annoyance. 
The mare goes with loal three hundred and 
thirty-seven days. The longer animals are in 
gestation, and vegetables in their progress to 
maturity, the more noble is their kind. A rapid 
growth in animals or vegetables makes no pro- 
vision lor solidity or duration. “Non enim 
potest in eo esse succus diuturnus, quod nimis 
celeriter est maturitatera assecuium .” — Cicero 
de Oraiorc. 
“ Round hoofed, shot t jointed, fetlocks shag and long. 
Broad breast, full eyes, small head and nostrils wide, 
High crest, short ears, straight legs, and passing strong, 
Thin mahe, thick tail, broad buttocks, tender hide.” 
Shnkspeare’s Horse of Adonis. 
The stag-necked horse, says Lavater, has 
something in the make ol his body much re- 
sembling the stag itself The neck is large and 
scarcely bowed in the middle; he carries his 
head high. They are racers and hunters, being 
particularly adapted for swiftness by the make 
of their body. 
The hog-neuked has the neck above and below 
alike broad, the head hanging downwards, the 
middle of the nose is concave in profile, the ears 
are long, thick, and hanging, Ihe eyes small and 
ugly, the nostrils small, the mouth large, the 
whole body round, and the coat long and rough. 
These horses are inti actable, slow and vicious, 
and will run their rider against a wall, stone, 
or tree. When held in, they rear and endeavor 
to throw' the rider. Blows or coaxing are Ire- 
quently alike ineffectual; they continue obsti- 
nate and restive. 
If w'e examine, says the same author, the dif- 
lerent heads of horses, w'e shall find ihat all 
cheeiful, high-spirited, capricious, couragpous 
horses, have the nosc-bone ol the profile convex, 
and that most of me vicious, restive, and idle, 
have the same bone flat or concave. 
The grey is the tenderest ol horses ; and we 
may here add that people with light hair, if not 
effeminate, are yet, it is well known, cl tender 
formation and constitution. The chesnut and 
iron-grey, the black and bay are hardy; the 
sorrel are the most hardy, and yet the most sub- 
ject to disease. The sorrel, whether well or ill- 
formed, is treacherous; all treacherous horses 
lay their ears in ihe neck, they stare, and stop, 
and lay down their ears alternately. 
When a horse has broad, long, widely separ- 
ated hanging ears, we are well assured he is bad 
and sluggish. Ifhelaysdowm his ears alter- 
nately, he is fretful and apt to start. 
Thin pointed and projecting ears, cn the con- 
trary, denote a horse of good disposition. 
We never find that the thick, long-necked 
horse, is sufficiently teachable for a riding horse ; 
or that he is of a strong nature, when the tail 
shakes like the tail of a dog. We may be cer- 
tain that a horse wdlh large cheerful eyes, and a 
fine shining coat, if we have no other tokens, is 
of a good constitution and understanding. 
