THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
127 
difficiilty experienced m working it thoroughly. 
Mode of churning: Rinse the churn avith 
cold water over night. The churn used is Gall’s 
— various other kinds have been tried, such as 
the barrel-churn and rocking-churn, but with less 
favorable results. The time occupied in churn- 
ing, when the cream is cold, is greater than if 
it was not subjected to the process of cooling, 
but the quality and condition of the butter am- 
ply repay for the time and labor expended upon 
it. Cnurn once a week. 
The method ot freeing the butter from the 
milk is by thoroughly working the butter with 
the hands. Rinsing it with coot water in the 
churn, we have seldom practised, Irom the con- 
viction that the butter is injured by this process. 
The day alter being worked over, it is put into 
lumps of one pound each, for market. 
Sailing of the butter: Use the ground rock 
salt, and salt to suit the taste. Add no saltpetre, 
sugar, or other substances. 
By Nathaniel Felton . — The milk is strained 
into tin pans ; it stands from thirty-six to forty- 
eight hours in a cool cellar, when the cream is 
taken off, put into tin pails, and stirred every 
day. We churn once a week; during the 
warmest weather the cream is placed in the well 
about twelve hours before churning. After it is 
churned the buttermilk is thoroughly worked 
out, and the butter is salted with three-quarters 
of an ounce to the pound. Alter standingabout 
an hour it is again worked and weighed, each 
pound separately. 
By Benjamin Boynton . — The milk is strain- 
ed into tin pans. It stands forty-eight hours in 
a cool cellar, when the cream is taken off, put 
into a pot, and stirred once a day. We churn 
once a week. After the butter is churned the 
buttermilk is turned from it, and water is added 
twice, and churned to separate the buttermilk 
from it. One ounce of salt is used to a pound 
of butter, which is worked twice after. 
From the Mobile Daily Advertiser. 
Raising Stock. 
in the present depressed condition of the 
planting interest in Alabama, it is astonishing 
that the farmers do not direct more ot their at- 
tention to the raising of stock. There is no por- 
tion of the United States better calculated for 
various kinds of stock than Alabama. Horses, 
mules, cattle, sheep, all thrive well, and our 
mild climate is more congenial to the hog, par- 
ticularly, than the cold west or north. We have 
mere facilities for raising hogs than Kentucky. 
They can be raised in South Alabama withle.ss 
labor and less expenditure. Will this be doubt- 
ed by our farmers, or denied by the people of 
the northwest'? If so, I trust that some of our 
wealthy farmers will make the e.vperiinent, and 
it will be found that fifty hogs can be raised in 
Alabama with as little labor and expenditure 
as thirty in Kentucky. Let us see what are the 
facilities ot the two sections of country : — Ken- 
tucky has her corn, artichokes, oats, rye and 
grass pastures — while Alabama has her corn, 
peas, artichokes, oats and rye for pastures, 
equalling the advantages of Kentucky. Ala- 
bama produces in addition, the ground-pea and 
sweet potatoe, which gives an advantage over 
all the products of Kentucky as food for hogs. 
Let us nov/ estimate the value and profits of a 
farm in the two sections of country employing 
fen hands — the farm stocked for operation. 
In Kentncky it would require a landed pro- 
perty of 326 acres, which would cost at S15 per 
acre, 4,875 dollars. The ten hands would cost 
five thousand dollars. Capital invested, nine 
thousand eight hundred and seventy five dollars. 
In this farm there would be three hundred acres 
of open land, twenty-five remaining wood for 
convenience. The three hundred acres of im- 
proved land would be cultivated in the follow- 
ing proportions : fifty acres in corn, one hun- 
dred and twenty-five in oats and rye, one hun- 
dred and twenty-five in clover and blue grass, 
and twenty in artichokes. This would be the 
labor of ten hands, which would only provide 
food sufficient to raise three hundred hogs of 
one year old. The three hundred acres of blue 
glass, clover, oats and rye would receive 300 
pigs and pasture them from the 1st of May until 
the 1st of October, ft would then take all the 
artichokes and the corn that would be made to 
feed the three hundred hogs from the 1st October 
to the 1st May — seven months, (part of the corn 
having to be fed to the pigs while on pasture.) 
The hogs now one year old would weigh one 
h undrecl and fifty pounds each, and would make 
4,500 pounds of pork, which at $2 50 cents per 
hundred pounds, would bring to the owner 
®l,i2'2, sold in Kentucky. 
In Alabama it would require a landed pro- 
perty of the same number of acres as that of 
Kentucky. Let us now see if there is any diffe- 
rence in the profits of the capital invested. The 
325 acres of land calculated lor a farm of this 
description can be purchased in Alabama at 
S'8 dollars per acre, which would make a cost 
of twenty-six hundred dollars. The ten ne- 
groes cost the same as in Kentucky — five thou- 
sand dollars. The cost of the land and negroes 
in Alabama would be seven thousand six hun- 
dred dollars — 2,750 dollars less than the outfit 
in Kentucky. Of the three hundred and twen- 
ty-five acres, there would be three hundred acres 
in culture — forty acres in corn and cow peas, 
one hundred and twenty-five acres in sweet po- 
tatoes, twenty-five acres in ground peas, and 
one hundred in rye and oats. This would fur- 
nish food sufficient for seven hundred head of 
hogs. The twenty-five acres in ground peas 
would receive seven hundred pigs the 1st of 
September, and furnish them with food for 
two months, ending on the first ot Novem-, 
ber. The one hundred and twenty-five acres 
in sweet potatoes would yield, at two hun- 
dred and fifty bushels per acre, thirty one thou- 
sand two hundred and fifty bushels, which would 
alone feed the seven hundred head of hogs, one 
year, allowing four quarts per day for each hog, 
which would be more than sufficient food for 
them one year. The corn, rye and oats would 
be a reserve, and t^e Alabama farm of three 
hundred acres in cultivation, would yield seven 
hundred head of hogs of one year oiu, weighing 
one hundred and fiftv pounds each — making 
one hundred and five thousand pounds of pork, 
which at three dollars per hundred, would bring 
to the owner three thousand one hundred and 
fifty dollars. Showing a proceed of two thou- 
sand and twenty-eight dollars more than the 
farm in Kentucky, with a capital of two thou- 
sand seven hundred and fifty dollars less than 
was employed in Kentucky ! 
The above is made upon the supposition that 
the hogs are to be kept in an enclosure, and not 
suffered to run at large, to be dependent entire- 
ly on the product of the farm for sustenance. I 
have made the above statements upon my own 
experience and information. The subject w'ill 
be continued. Alabama. 
Horticulture. 
BY MRS. LYDIA H. SIGOURNEY. 
If the admiration of the beautiful things of 
nature has a tendency to soften and refine the 
character, the culture of them has a s:ill more 
powerful and abiding influence. It takes the 
form of an affection ; the seed which we have 
nursed, the tree of our planting, under whose 
shade we sit wfith delight, are to us as living, 
loving friends. In proportion to the care we 
have bestowed on them, is the warmth of our 
regard. Thev are also gentle and persuasive 
teachers of His goodness, who causeth the sun 
to shine, and the dew to distil ; who forgets not 
the tender buried vine amid the snow’s and ice 
of winter, but bringelh forth the root longhidden 
from the eye ot man, into vernal splendor, or au 
tumnal fruitage. 
The lessons learned among the works of na- 
ture are of peculiar value in the present age. 
The restlessness and din of the railroad princi 
pie which pervades its operations, and the spirit 
of accumulation which threatens to corrode eve- 
ry generous sensibility, are modified by the 
sweet friendship of the quiet plants. The toil, 
the hurry, the speculation, the sudden reverses 
which mark our own times, beyond any which 
have preceded them, render it particularly salu- 
tary lor uslo heed the admonition of our Saviour, 
and take instruction from ihe lilies of the field, 
those peaceful denizens of the bounty of hea- 
ven. 
Horticulture has been pronounced by medi- 
cal men, as salutary to health, and to cheerful- 
ness of spirits ; and it would seem that this 
theory might be sustained, by the happy coun- 
tenances of those who use it as a relaxation 
from the excitement of business, or the exhaus- 
tion of study. And if he, who devotes his lei- 
sure to the culture of the works of nature, bene- 
fits himselt — he who beautifies a garden for the 
eye of the community, is surely a public bene- 
factor. He instils into the bosom of the man 
of the world, panting with the gold fever — 
gentle thoughts, which do good like a medi- 
cine He cheers the desponding invalid, and 
makes the eye of a child, brighten with a 
more intense happiness. He furnishes pure 
aliment for that taste w'hich refines character 
and muUplies simple pleasures. To those who 
earn their substance by laboring on hisgrounds, 
he stands in the light of a benefactor. The 
kind of industry which he promotes, is favor- 
able to simplicity and virtue. With one of the 
sw'eetest poets of our native land, we may say, 
“ Praise to the sturdy spade, 
And patient plow, and the shepherd’s simple crocks 
And let the light mechanic’s tool be hailed 
With honor, which increasing by the power 
■ 'Gt long compantonshi p. the laborer’s hand. 
Cuts off that hand, with all its world of nerves, 
From a too busy commerce with the heart.” 
Cribbing, or Crib-Biting. 
As we have had a number of communica- 
tions on this subject, we give our readers an ex- 
tract from the celebrated Youatt, whose book on 
“the horse,” edited by J. S Skinner of Balti- 
more, is a valuable production. Yoiiatt dees 
not seem to consider this cribbing a disease, but 
a habit rather, though he says, “the cribbing 
horse is more subject to thecolic than otherhor- 
ses, and to a species difficult of treatment and 
frequently dangerous.” 
He says, “ It is one of those tricks wfiiich are 
exceedingly contagious. Every coixipanion of 
the crib-biter, in the same stables, is iikelv to 
acquire the habit, and it is the most inveterate 
of all habits. The edge of the manger w ill in 
vain be lined w'lth iron, or with sheepskin co- 
vered with tar or aloes, or any other unpleasant 
substance. 
“In defiance of the annoyance which these 
may occasion, the horse will persist in his at- 
tack on Ihe manger. A strap buckled tightly 
round the neck bv compressing the w'indpipe is 
the best means of preventing the possibility of 
this trick, but the strap must be constantly worn, 
and its pressure is too apt to produce a worse af- 
fliction, viz., an irritation in the windpipe, 
which terminates in roaring. 
“ Some have recommended turning out for 
five nr six months, but this has never succeeded 
except with a voting horse, and then rarely. — 
The old crib-biter will employ the gate for the 
same purpose as the edge ol his manger, and we 
have often seeja him galloping across a field lor 
tRe mere object of having a gripe at a rail — 
Medicine will be altogether thrown away in this 
ease. 
“The only remedy is a muzzle wu'th bar*? 
across the bottom sufficiently wide to enable the 
animal to pick up his corn and to pull his hay, 
but not to grasp the end of the manger. If this 
is worn for a considerable period, the horse may 
be tired of attempting that which he cannot ac- 
complish, and for a while forget the habit, but 
in a majority of cases the desire of crib-biting 
W’ill return with the power of gratifying it. 
‘ The causes of crib-biting are various, and 
some of them beyond the control of the proprie- 
tor of the horse, ft is offpii the result of imita- 
tion, but it is more frequently the consequence 
of idleness. The high fed and spirited horse 
must be in mischief if he is not usefully em- 
ployed, Sometimes, but we believe not often, 
