130 
THE SOUTHERN CU 1 .TIVATOR. 
because it is through the cambium that the 
woody matter sent downwards by the buds must 
pass; and also because cambium itself, being 
organizing matter in an incipient state, will 
more readily form an adhesion than any other 
parr. 
354. The same principles apply to buds, 
which are to scions precisely what eyes (319,) 
are to cuttings. 
355. Inarching is the same with reference to 
grafting that laying (324,) is with reference to 
striking by cuttings. 
356. It serves to maintain the vitality of a 
scion until it can form an adhesion with iis 
stock ; and must be considered the most certain 
mode of grafting. 
357. It is probable that every species of flow- 
ering plant, without exception, may be multi- 
plied by grafting. 
3.58. Nevertheless, there are many species 
and even tribes that never have been grafted. 
359. It has been found that in the vine and 
the walnut this difliculty can be overcome by 
attention to their peculiar constitutions; and it 
is probable that the same attention will remove 
supposed difficulties in the case of other spe- 
cies. 
XV. transplantation. 
360. Transplantation consists in removing a 
plant from the soil in v/hi’h ft is growing to 
some other soil. 
361. If, in the operation, the plant is torpid, 
and its spongioles uninjured, the removal will 
not be productive of any interruption to the pre- 
vious rate of growth. 
362. And if it is growing, or evergreen, and 
the spongioles are uninjured, the removal will 
produce no further injury than may arise from 
the temporary suspension of the action of the 
spongioles, and the noncessation of perspiration 
during the operation. 
363. So that the transplantation may take 
place at all seasons of the year, and under all 
circumstances, provided the spongioles ate unin- 
jured. 
3(>i. This applies to the largest trees as well 
as to the smallest herbs. 
365. But as it is impossible to take plants out 
of the earth without destroying or injuring the 
spongioles, the evil consequences of such acci- 
dents must be remedied by the hindrance of 
evaporation. 
366. Transplantation should, therefore, take 
place only when plants are torpid, and vvhen 
their respiratory organs (leaves) are absent; or, 
if they never lose those organs, as evergreens, 
only at seasons when the atmosphere is periodi- 
cally charged with humidity for some conside- 
rable time. 
367. Old trees in which the roots are much 
injured, form new ones so slowly, that they are 
very liable to be exhausted of sap by the ab- 
sorption of their very numerous young buds be- 
fore new spongioles can be formed. 
368. The amputation of all their upper ex- 
tremities is the most probable prevention of 
death ; but in most cases injury of their roots is 
without a remedy. 
369. Plants in pots being so circumstanced 
that the spongioles are protected from injury, 
can, however, be transplanted at all seasons, 
without any dangerous consequences. 
Good and Bad Farming. 
From the Western ttultivator. 
Mr. Hatch: — On presenting myself as a can- 
didate for admission into the society of your 
numerous and able correspondents, I have con- 
cluded to conform to the fashion of the age, and 
give a bit of my “ experience,” as a sample of 
my qualifications for the place desired. It runs 
as follows : 
In one of my excursions in the central part of 
this State during the past summer, I met with a 
little incident, that has since had a very benefi- 
cial effect on my mind, and I will tell it to your 
readers, hoping that it may have the like effect 
on them. 
’Twas a hot sultry day in the mouth of Au- 
gust. f had travelled long and hard, through an 
open country, that was here and there inter- 
spersed with large, ragged looking farms, with 
broken down fence-, slovenly cultivation, roof- 
less hovels, old hats, coats, frocks and all sorts 
of rags protruding from the broken w'indow's, 
with dirty, ignoranl-lookinglittle urchins, in al- 
most every state, approaching to entire nudity, 
playing along the road. All betokened shilt- 
iessness and improvidence in the extreme, 
which formed a sad contrast to some in the land 
that gave me birth, and caused me to look for- 
ward M'ith sou'e anxiety for a place where I 
might have a reasonable prospect ol procuring 
a ntspectable meal, and enjoy ingan hour’s agree- 
able discourse w'ith some of my fellows. 
About 1 o’clock P. M. 1 espied at a short dis- 
tance to the right of the road, a small cottage 
looking building, standing in an improvement of 
some thirty or forty acres, surrounded, divided 
and subdivided, with neat, substantial picket 
fences, with a gate in front of the house, open- 
ing into an ample door-yard, the first gate and 
door-yard I had seen that day. Along the entire 
line of fence stood, some ten feet apart, a row ol 
locust, balm of gilead and other trees, of four 
or five years thrifty growth. A strip of the 
same kind, about twenty rods long and ten 
wide, was planted on the west side of the house 
and garden, forming a thrifty little grove, that 
would soon shield the owners alike from the 
chilly blasts and summer’s sun ; with a small 
orchard of different kinds of fruit trees large 
enough to bear, on the next side of the house. 
All of which 1 discovered in half the time that 
it takes me to write it, and it formed such a no- 
ble contrast to the cheerless abodes that I had 
just passed, I could not resist the temptation to 
dismount, and apply for refreshment. I walked 
up to the passage in fr-mt of the house, in the 
cool shade of which sat a man about thirty years 
of age, reading a periodical of some kind, by 
whom I was received with a frankness and ur- 
banity of manners, that plainly bespoke intelli- 
gence and good breeding. 
Old grey was soon deposited in a small frame 
horse barn, the cool shade of which, with the 
sweet smelling new made hay must have made 
him think of “the days of Auld Langsyne.” 
Returning to the house, I was scon engaged in 
agreeable conversation with my host and his ac ■ 
complislied lady, (that the hearty meal scaice 
interrupted,) in the course of which 1 learned 
the following facts. 
About six years previous (being just marri- 
ed) and without much experience in agricultu- 
ral matters, he emigrated to that place, purcha- 
sed eighty acres of land, and commenced mak- 
ing a farm, amid the evil prophesyings of nearly 
all his neiehbors. Some thought him too inex- 
perienced in such matters; some thought his 
farm too small— for, said they, “ there’s no use 
of trying to gain a living off of less than tM’o 
hundred acres, for vvith all our labor and experi- 
ence we can scarce make both ends meet, so he 
will starve to death on that little patch, that’s 
certain.” Othets thought he spent too much 
time in reading, for, said they, “ alihough he is 
up in tolerable season in the morning, yet he 
spends all the middle of the day with his books, 
he is a complete book worm.” Others thought 
he spent tco much time in setting out trees, 
working in the garden, making flower beds, &c. 
For, said they, “ its no use planting an orchard, 
it won’t be large enough to bear m"ch in our 
day, and if it would I don’t believe this countiy 
is very good for fruit; but at all events, them 
are locust, cottonwood, balm of gilead, &c., 
will be of no use, for they wont never bear 
nnthins no how.” In short, they looked upon 
his maiden attempt at Horticulture as supreme- 
ly ridiculous. 
But notwithstanding all this, he had succeed- 
ed beyond his most sanguine anticipations, and 
now enjoyed comfort and compe'ence. For, 
said he, “although I have under cultivation but 
about forty acres, that is as much as I can tend 
well, and I really think that I get more profit 
from that than my reighbors do from four times 
as much, cultivated in their careless way. And 
as to the orchard, by keeping it clean and well 
loosened around the trees, it is now beginnir, 
to bear, though only four years old ; I have also 
plenty of cherries, plums, peaches, cuiranis, 
gooseberries, raspberries, &c.; and my neigh- 
bors begin to a visit with us once in a 
while, to partake of such varieties in these parts. 
They begin to suspect too, that this country is 
tolerable good for fruit, if it was only planted; 
and some of the more enterprising ones are 
thinking seriously of planting orchards of their 
own, after having now lost s jme ten years, since 
the settlement ot their farms. 
“ Then there are the ornamental trees, that I 
was to get no profit trom. By loosening the 
earth around the roots twice each season, they 
now take care of themselves and afford a tole- 
rable shade to my calves and sheep in the mid- 
dle of the day, whilethe animalsgenerally here- 
abouts are puffing and blowing the little flesh 
away, that they have been able to accumulate 
in feeding lime. Then they cost so little, I 
have planted by odd spells, when f should have 
been doing little else, ard I would not now take 
a silver dollar apiece for them, though they 
never cost over five cents. In fact I cannot be- 
lieve there is another improvement on my farm, 
that pays so well for so small an investment, as 
these same trees.” 
Thus he probably would have gone on for 
half an hour at least, about his hen-roosts, pig- 
geries, sheds, stables, gates, gardens, &c., (tc. 
Each of which occupied its appropriate place, 
had not my impatience to know how he came 
to have ail this knowledge, interrupted him. 
He at once stepped to a small book shelf, and 
laid his hand on a large pile of agricultural pa- 
pers, among which the Western Cultivator and 
Prairie Farmer occupied a conspicuous place. 
“ These,” said he, “are the direct source of 
my success. I came here as ignorant as any 
‘sucker’ in all this Egyptian part of our State, 
and probably should have remained so, had not 
a judiciovs friend advised me to take two or 
three well conducted agricultural papers. 1 
took them, read them, and practised fromjiheir 
suggestions; by which I have stored my mind 
with much valuable information. During 
rainy days, long winter evenings and the middle 
of hot days in summer, (wdiile my neighbors 
have spent their time in idleness and jesting of 
my folly,)! have been taking lessons from the 
best agriculturists of the age, tvhich, aside from 
the pleasure, has proved a valuable investirient 
in dollars and cents, and while they have bi en 
delving with an old-fashioned hoe or axe, or 
scratching their ground with a plow ill adapt- 
ed to the soil, the information thus acquired 
has enabled me to procure belter articles, that 
have saved much time, panence and profit. 
In short, Rr all that I have around me that is 
not common in these parts, I am indebted to 
these papers, for they not only give the needed 
practical information, but what is worth full as 
much, they are a great incentive to action.” 
Well, well, thought I, if this is the book farm- 
ing against which I have heard £0 much said, 
would to God all were book farmers in the land ; 
and 1 resolved lorlhwiih to become one myself. 
B. Smith. 
Mad Itch. — The effect of cattle following 
hogs that are fed on green corn, cut up and 
thrown to them when in the roasting ear state, 
is very fatal. The bogs will chew the corn- 
stalk and extract all the sap, and then throve it 
out. These fibres, thus thrown out, with the 
sap extracted, will be eaten voraciously by the 
cattle. Itcontainsno nutriment to give fernien- 
tatinn to enable the animal to ruminate; and it 
thus lays dormant and inactive in the manifolds 
or stomach; becomes perfectly compact and un- 
digestable— creates a lever, and in the end de- 
stroys the animal. “ I have lost many fine cat- 
tle in this way,” says Gov. Vance ol Ohio, 
“ and have never been able to save one thus af- 
flicted. The entire symptoms are similar to 
what is called the ‘ mad itch,’ which I have no 
doubt is created by the same cause, by taking 
in indigestible inaiter, incapable of fermenta- 
tion, and rumination.” 
