l/G 
THE SOUTHERN CUUTIVATOR. 
In airing beds, /Afi sMWr should neveT shine di- 
rectly upon them. It is air, not heal, that they 
need. We have seen beds lying on a roof where 
the direct and reflected rays of the sun had full 
pt.wer, and the feathers, without doubt, were 
steivins, and the oil in the quill becoming rancid; 
so that the bed smells worse alter the roasting 
than before. Always air beds in the shade, and, 
if possible, in cool and windy days. 
And now, if any of our attentive housewife 
readers, and we have not a few. are disposed to 
reward us for all this advice, let them give ns a 
bed to sleep on, when we next visit them, made 
of growing feathers, from live and healthy 
geese, carefully picked, well cured, daily shaken 
up and thoroughly aired; and if we do not 
dream that the own^r is an angel, it will be be- 
cause we are too much occupied in sound sleep- 
ing- . 
Improvements in Agriculture. 
From the Genesee Farmer. 
“ The great truth that animal manures are nothing 
else than the ashes of the food produced from our 
fields, consumed or burned in the bodies of men and 
animals, has given the chief direction to all modern 
improvements in agriculture .” — L slig. 
fhe above remarks deserve the profound con- 
sideration of every practical farmer. After an 
animal has attained his maturity, and adds 
nothing to his weight in the course of a year, it 
is obvious that the matter which escapes from 
the body must be the same in quantity as that 
w'hich enters it. A very notable portion of the 
food of all warm-blooded animals passes out of 
the lungs in the form of air and vapor during 
their ceaseless respiration night and day, just as 
wood passes out of a chimney when burnt in a 
fire-place. The combustion ol grass, hay, and 
grain in the system of the cow, horse, or sheep 
is not so complete as that of fire applied to the 
same substances in the open air. In the latter 
case, nearly all the combustible ingredients — 
carbon and hydroeen uniied with oxygen and 
nitrogen — are expelled into the atmosphere. In 
animal combustion, a larger portion ol carbon, 
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen remain with the 
ashes contained in the food taken into the 
stomach, and voided with the solid and liquid 
excretions. 
The time will shortlv come in this State, (New 
York,) when the liquid and solid manure de- 
rived irom the combustion of one ton ol hay, or 
100 bushels of grain, will he worth half as much 
to make another ton of hay, or 100 bushels of 
grain, as the original crop.s were worth. 
That portion of cultivated plants which es- 
capes into the air through the lungs of man and 
his domestic animals, growing plants can re- 
gain by their roots and leaves, and thus reor- 
ganize into animal food. But the case is differ- 
ent with the ashes or earthy portion of all plants. 
It these minerals are taken from the" soil in 
crops, and not faithfully restored, by replacing 
on our cultivated fields all the salts contained in 
the excretions of the human family and of do- 
mes'ic animals, the injury to our State and our 
race will be large, almost beyond calculation. 
Nearly one-third of all the wheat grown on 
the globe is raised by the Chinese. For thou- 
sands of years this wonderful people have culti- 
vated most successfully this bread-forming plant. 
For a long period their wheat-fields have been 
fertilized almost exclusively with the ingredients 
of wheat derived from its decomposition in the 
human system. In other words, they manure 
their fields with night-soil alone. 
In Belgium and Flanders, the liquid excre- 
tions of all animals are diluted with twice or 
three times their bulk ol water, and are then 
spread over the growing crops, or on to plowed 
ground, fiom a watering cart. 
Many years of experience have demonstrated 
t'ne fact, that the urine of a single cow for a year 
is worth $9.50 to make into wheat to be sold at 
70 cents a bushel. In Holland, cows are kept 
up the year round in stables, mainly to save 
every particle of their excretions. The manu- 
facture of corn, wheat, barley, oats, hay, pota- 
toes, pork, beef, butter, cheese, wool, and horse 
flesh, can be reduced to an exact science. The 
laws of chemical affinity, of vegetable and ani- 
mal vitality, are uniform and easy to be under- 
stood, so tar as successful agriculture is con- 
cerned. One of these laws is, that no man nor 
vegetable can possibly make anything out of 
nothing. Another is, that one simple substance, 
like carbon, cannot be transformed into another 
simple element, like nitrogen. Clay cannot 
supply the place of sand, nor sand of clay. It 
will require as much matt-.r, and the same kind 
of ingredients, to form ten million bushels of 
wheat or corn, in 1845, that were consumed lor 
that purpose in this State in 1844. The same 
remarks wi.l apply to all agricultural products, 
whethei vegetable or animal. 
How, then, can a practical farmer, cultivating 
60 acres of arable land, send to market 20 tons 
of grain, pork, beef, mutton, wool, roots, butter, 
cheese, and the like, eveiy year, to pay for his 
groceries, dry goods, nails, crockery, and me- 
chanical work, and not ultimately sell all the 
ingredients in his 60 acres, which will dorm 
crops enough to pay lor cultivation, fences, and 
taxes? Suppose you have the materials to pro- 
duce 50 good crops in your now fertile soil, 
when those materials are worked up and sent to 
distant cities, where then will the largely, in- 
creased population of the State go to find their 
three good meals a day, clothing, &c. ? Do you 
say, to the West? But what right has the pre- 
sent generation to consu ne and destroy the na- 
tural fertility of God’s bountiful earth, to the se- 
rious injury of those who are to succeed them? 
By every principle of common justice and 
philanthropy, we should augment the natural 
productiveness of the soil at least 4 per cent.per 
annum, or double its fruits in 25 years. For in 
that time our race double their numbers, and 
their physical wants, in the State of New York. 
COUTEHTS OF THIS HUMBER.^ 
ORIGINAL PAPERS. 
Oliicka.saw Pea 171 
Good I, enuring “ 70 
Hill Side Ditching ‘‘ 169 
Improving ib'oil —A plan suggested “ 172 
Lime 168,172 
TtTtleorological Journal page 167 
“ 169 
“ 16.S 
“ 170 
“ 172 
“• 163 
“ 171 
“ 169 
“ 70 
Maine Farrne 
Peach and Apple Tiade, the 
Plowing, deep 
Sugar Cane — Inquiry 
Sugar Cane. . . 
Sheep and Wool. .......... 
The North-West 
Yankee Enteiprise 
SELECTIONS, EXTR.».CTS, &C. 
Analysis of ^oils pag6 164 
Agriculture, Improvements in “ 186 
App'e Trade, the— Horticulture in Indiana. .. . *• 165 
Agricultural Meeting in Barbour comity, Ala. “ 173 
Agricultural Exhibition in Greenville “ 173 
Education, statistics “ 167 
Florida Sugar — Letter from T. P, Miller “ 174 
Feathers and Feather Beds, a chapter on “ 175 
History of the Thrifty and Unthrifty, the “ 163 
Peach Trade, the. “ 165 
Remarks of James A. Meriwether, Esq., before 
the Agricultural Society of Putnam county. “ 161 
Runt Architeciuie in New England “ 175 
Swiney, or Disease or Strain of the Shoulder. “ 166 
Silk Culture in the United States “ 174 
ACKSCULTURAI. I VIPCEMENTS. 
H azard, denslqw & webster. 
Savannah, Geo., near the City Hotel, Dealers in 
PAINTS, OILS, WINDOW GLASS, GUNPOWDER, SHOT, 
PAPER, AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 
In audition to their usual stock of the above named 
articles, the subscribers have, within the last year, 
made large additions to their assortment of Agricul- 
tural Implements, and now offer to planters a greater 
variety than any other establishment in the Southern 
country: amongst which may be found the following 
articles, viz : 
PLOWS. 
Yankee cast iron, No. 10, 11 12 and 20 Plows. 
Dagon, or Conneclicut wrought No. 1, 2 and 3 do 
Allen pattern, do 
R uggles, Nourse & Mason’s improved do 
Viz ; — Eagle plow, heavy, two horse or ox, do 
do with wheel and cutter. do 
No. 2 B 
Plow 
for two horses, 
do 
“ 2 B 
do 
with wheel and cutter, 
do 
“ A 3 
do 
medium, two horse, 
do 
“A3 
do 
with wheel aud cutter, 
do 
“ A 2 
do 
light two horse 
do 
» A 1 
do 
do one mule, or garden 
do 
‘‘ 6 in. 
do 
do one horse turning 
do 
“ 7 in. 
do 
do do do 
do 
“ 15 
do 
new pattern, 1 horse, for light soil 
do 
Rubsoil 
do 
heavy, two horse, or ox 
do 
do 
do 
No. 1 do do 
do 
da 
do 
d» 0 OR« horse 
do 
Double mould-board or furrowing do 
Cotton trenching do 
Rice do with guage wheel, do 
A 1 side-hill, or swivel mould-board, do 
No.O do do for one horse, do 
Plow irons set up, of the above kinds: also, extra 
slocks, which can be packed in small compa.'S, thereby 
making a great saving in transportation. Mould-boards, 
points and heels or landsides, for all the above plows 
Improved cultivators, with guage wheel 
Cultivator plows, or horse hoes, 
Common Harrows 
Folding do improved kind, 
Boxed lever straw cutlers 
Improved self-feeding strew and corn stalk do, with 
spiral knives, simple in construction, 
Corn and cob crushers (hand mill) 
do do for horse power 
HOES. 
W. A. Lyndon’s extra black,C3rolinahoes,Nos.0, 1,2& 3 
do bright do do 0,1, 2 A 3 
do new ground do doPP&I’PP 
do oval eye grubbing do do 2&3 
do round do do do 2dc3 
Anchor hoes do 00, 0,1 &2 
Brades, patent do doO, 1,2, 3&4 
Light Yankee do 
CHAINS. 
Straight-link trace chains, I Ox chains 
Twisted do do | Log chains from lOto 181 ’t 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
Collins’s Axes. 
Root’s do 
King’s do 
Bond’s do 
Ames’s Shovels, 
do Handled Spades, 
do Socket do 
Ox-bows. 
Horse rackets, 
Dirt scrapers. 
Fan mills, 
Patent churns. 
Cotton foot gins, 
Flails, 
Iron Shovels, ass’ted kinds, ; Axe-helves, 
Long Handled Shovels, 
Manure Forks, 
Hay do 
English patent Scythes, 
American grass do 
Grass platt do 
Brush and briar do 
Briar hooks, 
Corn cutters. 
Reap hooks, 
Scythe Siiailhs, 
Swinglelrees, 
Plow lines. 
Wheelbarrows, 
Horticultural chesU, 
Pruning shears. 
Ditching knives, 
Garden hoes,variout kinds, 
Garden ranes, 
Flour-scrapers, 
Toy hoes. 
Garden reels, 
Grain cradles, new pattern, Transplanting trowels. 
Rice cradles do do Forks, 
Post spoons, I Garden-lines, 
Ox- yokes, ' 
The subscribers have made sueh arrangements as will 
enabre them to proeure any improvements which may 
be made in the plow, or other kinds of implements suit- 
ed 1o this section, and trust from their great variety, mo- 
derate prices and exertions to please, ihey may receive 
a liberal share of public paHonage. Planters, mer- 
chants, and manufacturers are respectfully invited to 
examine their stock. Orders thankfully received and 
promptly attended to. 1-ly 
GAS43>EiV AND FIEED SEEDS. 
A GENERAL assortment of fresh and genu- 
ine Garden and Field Seed, among which ate the 
following : 
Red and white clover. Blue and green grass. 
Rye and orchard do Timothy and herds do 
Millet and Lucerne do Seed corn of every vaini- 
Buckwheat & potato oats. Seed wheat, [hie variety 
Kept constantly on hand by the subscriber, all 3 
which are offered for sale at very moderate prices. 
.Ml orders, by mail OP otherwise, executed with neat 
ness and despatch. Wm. Haines. Jr., 
1 No. 2.3'2, Broad-street, Augusta, Ga. 
MK. AND MR?i. CH APM A N’S ISOARD- 
ING AND DAY SCHOOL. 
No. 22S Broad-street, Augusta, Geo. 
T his instituiton has been un- 
der the direction of its present Principals for se- 
ven years, and the success which has attended it has 
enabled them greatly to increase the facilities it affords 
for tiie education of young ladies Provision is made 
for thorough instruction in all the departments of fe- 
male education. The next term commences October 
Isl. Pupils can enter at any time daring the term, 
and will be charged for the lime they are members of 
the school. Tuition $8, $12 and $15 per quarter, ac- 
cording to the age and standing of the scholar. Music 
and French at the usual rates. Board $15 per month. 
9-4 1 
Southern dTultiuotor 
Is published on the first of every month, at Augusta, Ga 
i. W. & W. S . JONE S, PROPRIETOR!?. 
EDITED BY JAM ES CAMAK, OF ATHENS, GAq 
TERMS.-ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. 
1 copy, one year $l oo I 25 copies, one year , ..$20 00 
0 copies, “ 5 00 I too copies, “ .. 75 00 
[All subscriptions must commence with the volume.] 
The Cash System will be rigidl)’ adhered to, and In no 
case will the paper be sent unle.ss the money accompanies 
the order. , ,, , , 
Advertisements pertaining to Agriculture, will be in- 
serted for ON DOLLAR foT every square of ten lines or 
less, for the first insertion, and seventy-five cents per 
square for each continuance. 
[i;^PosT Masters are authorized to receive and for- 
ward money free of postage. 
ri3=-ALL COMMUNICATIONS, MUST BE POST PAID, and 
addressed to JAMES CAMAK, Athens, Georgia. 
