THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
15 
“ From the granite range to where the rivers 
again break from Athens across the country, 
is emphatically a larming country. I have 
known It tor fifty years: and in no country, in 
Europe or America, have I seen any region so 
admirably adapted to the production of wheat 
and barley and roots of every variety. And 
they should ever go together ; carrots and beets 
and turnips should precede the wheat crops, it 
great results are expected. Turnips are sup- 
posed to have given to England more than any 
other plant that ever was introduced into it, 
and carrots and beets are still belter. In this 
climate, these are all winter crops ; they would 
be plucke I trom the field to be led to the stock ; 
they would give great return in manure to the 
land, which, reposing during the summer, and 
free from the action of the plow, would im- 
prove yearly in tertility, instead of being wasted 
away in a few years and destroyed by the corn 
culture. There are streams all around to 
manufacture your wheat, and well led teams 
would cart their products to a shipping point 
upon their rivers, instead of being dependent 
upon monopolizing associations. 
“ The red lands ot Georgia resemble, in every 
point, the red lands ot Morocco, in Africa; the 
climate is precisely the same; and John Gray 
Jackson, who reside! at Mogadore, as Consul 
General, tor twelve years, says, that a crop of 
wh^at would feed the entire people for seven 
years; but the government of Morocco does 
not permit expo''tation, except as a special ta- 
vor; and thousands and tens ot thousands of 
acres, when there is a good season, are lett un- 
reaped upon the fields. 
“ Our third zone, ex'ending from Franklin 
county to the line, is, in all points, ihe finest 
grazing country in America, and should be 
covered with flocks and herds. The hills are 
sufficiently elevated to be verdant at all seasons ; 
the vallies are sufficiently moist and fertile to 
give maize or corn crops, and hay to winter 
stock of every kind, and lucerne should be cul- 
tivated in every valley. 
“ Arthur Young found that in the vicinity ot 
Barcelona, lucerne cultivaied i-n the valley 
lands, gave forty tons to the acre, of rich lood, 
in five cuitings. And the climate ol Barcelona 
and the soils of their vallies greatly resemble 
the climate and soil of our Cherokee country. 
“ In closing my observations upon this zone, 
I cannot hesitate to say, that the State, or our 
friend, Col. Carter, or some other peison that 
could afford to do so, should expend 51,000 in 
procuring from Liverpool, where they can be 
procured, ten Alpaca or Peruvian sheep. — 
They hav^done well in England in a quarter 
where the mountains aro about the same ele- 
vation of the Cherokee mountains. Their 
fleeces have been improved in quality and 
increased in weight, and the Earl ot Derby 
in Lancashire has multiplied them, ' An ap- 
plication, either by the Legislature, or by a 
respectable individual, transmitted through the 
medium ol our present minister, Lewis Mc- 
Lane, would, no doubt, procure them at twen- 
ty pounds sterling a head. Or they might 
be procured at a much lower rate, by an ap- 
plication, on the part of the Legislature, to 
the Secretary of the Navy, Mr. Bancroft, from 
Peru direct, by our returning ships of war. 
“ In cultivating wheat we should abandon the 
dirty little white wheat and return to the yellow^ 
lammas, which grew forty and fifty years ago 
well in the upper country, and gave wheat that 
weighed seventy pounds to the bushel. We 
should sow our wheat crop in the last of Sep- 
tember, as Dr. Pallas sal's they are obliged to 
do in the Cromire, to guard against rust; and 
we should, it we sow broad-cast, sow four 
bushels to the acre, as they do in England.” 
Although the letters from Mr. Camak and 
Mr. Spalding were not intended for publication, 
yet we are confident they will excuse the use we 
have made ot their cornmunicatii ns. We re- 
gret that we have not received other interesting 
communications trom gentlemen from whom 
we hoped to receive them. 
10, 1815. W.M. Tcrn'er, Chairman. 
ilX0ntl)l2 Calendar. I 
Altered from the Ainencun Agriculturist's Almanac for 
ISL, uTul arranged to su.t Ihe tdoulhern States. 
CALENDAR FOR JANUARY. 
[The folinwitig brief hinisio the farmer, planter and 
gardener, will be found lo apply not onl y lo the rnon lli 
under which they are arranged, but, owing lo diversity 
of seasons, climate and soils, they may frequently an- 
swer for other momhs This precaution 'he consider- 
a e agriculturist will not fail to notice and apply in all 
cases where his judgment and experience may dictate.] 
The first and most important thing that de- 
pmands atieniion is the care of the stock. All 
the catne, horses, and swine should be housed 
ainisht and during storms, and the sheep, I ho ugh 
usually considered a more hartly a nimal and 
better adapted to exposure and inclemency, will 
yield mtire wool, and consume less hay, and be 
less subject to tiisease, it furnished with snug 
shelter at night, and during the coldest weather. 
They require a tree ventilation ot their sheds, 
which all stables should also have. But this 
does not imply that they should be so open to 
the rude winds, that a good sized calf can jump 
through the sides of the buildings anywhere. 
They may be close and warm, but not filthy, 
damp and un wholesnme ; on the contrary, they 
should be kept clean and at all limes well aired. 
If fodder is .short with you, be the rhore eco- 
nomical with it, not by starving your cattle, bui 
by taking more care that none ol it be wasted. 
There is great savins in cutting fodder, which 
should always be done, when the price ot labor 
is not too high in proportion to i's value. 
Whi re this is practised, cattle eat all the hay 
clean; and straw and corn-stalks, when cut up 
fine, with the addition ol some light grain or 
roots, will keep stock well through the winter, if 
properly housed. Sheep should never be'suf- 
fered to run under the hay-mow or stack, as the 
seeds and parts of thf* hay sift into the wool, and 
diminish its value materially. Water should, 
it possible, be snnplied in ihe farm-yard, and 
wherever practicable, Irom a living spring, or 
running stream. This gives fresh, sweet water, 
and by having a supply always at hand, animals 
never drink to excess or overload their stomachs 
with cold w’ater, which often produces cramp or 
cholic. It the hauling is good, or the ground 
well frozen, all the transportation tor the year 
that can possibly be done, should be attended to. 
All the wood required fjr the year may now be 
drawn. This ought to have been cut in the pre- 
ceding autumn or summer, as it is more solid 
and durable cut at that time, and it has moreover 
an opportunity to get well dried. The logs 
should be drawn to the saw-mill, by which a 
supply ot boards and timber can be in readiness 
lor tuiure use. All the products remaining on 
hand, should be taken to market, if the prices 
are favorable. Heaps of manure may be re- 
moved to the fields where wanted. Peat and 
sw'amp muck, if before thrown into heaps and 
drained, may be hauled home, or into the fields 
where they are to be used, it manure can be 
had of any one unwise enough to part with it, 
let it now be drawn home and stored, and not al- 
lowed to ferment unless well covered with earth 
and gypsum, to absorb the gases that would oth- 
erwise escape. During the winter months, all 
the toois should be put in order, and any old diffi- 
culties remedied, and new improvements added 
to them. The children should all be at school, 
and their studies well looked after. Their head- 
work in w’inter, is of more consequence than 
their hand-work in sum.mer; and you cannot ex- 
pect to make g.'Od or efficient men and women 
out of ignoramuses. Let the grown folks look 
well to ihe manner of spending their own long 
winter evenings. Especially, see to it, that you 
carefully look over your agricultural books and 
periodicals, read attentively all they contain re- 
lative to your own business, and note carefully 
how far your own experience corresponds with, 
or differs trom, the information there detailed. If 
you have any valuable facts to add to the gene- 
ral stock of knowledge, prepare and send them 
for publication, as a partial return for the ad- 
vantage you have received f.^m others on simi- 
lar subjects. 
Improve all the clear Irosty weather this 
month to break out hemp, have a care of the 
tobacco, and if the weather be open, continue 
plowing. 
Ktlcken Garden. — Hot beds should now be 
made by those desirous ot having very early 
vegetables. This may be done with a layer ot 
horse manure two feet deep, well settled to- 
gether, over which place a le w inches ot garden 
mould, intermixed with sand, unless there is 
enough in the soil. Around this is placed a 
frame to keep the manure and soil in their place, 
and over it glass frames inclining about 2b deg, 
toward the south. The seeds of all such vege- 
tables as are required tor early use, may then be 
sown, such as cabbages, cauliflowers, radishes, 
lettuce, tomatoes, &.c. The surface should be 
kept sufficiently moist, and during the middle of 
the day in very warm weather, the glass may be 
withdrawn so as to let the sun in upon the plants. 
As much air should be admitted as can saleiy 
be done without injury to the plant Irom redu- 
cing the temperature too greatly, as the growing 
vegetables soon change the air and render it un- 
ht tor nutrition. A great many little comforts 
may be procured by some attention to a hot bed ; 
and if you live near a market, enough may be 
sold Irom your early vegetables to remunerate 
you for all trouble and expense thrice over If 
the ground is frozen, continue preparing' for 
spring, as directed in December. 
Fruit Garden and Orchard. — Examine jmur 
t rchards and cut off all dead limbs close to their 
trunks or branches; scrape off the moss, &,c. 
General pruning should be left until summer, 
Ftour Garajen and PloAxire Grounds. — The 
directions of December will also apply to this 
month. At your leisure hours prepare labels 
tor flowers next season, and get everything in 
order for the work in the spring. 
Planlation. — Let it be remembered that the 
florist, the gardener, and the agriculturist, have 
no remission from labor; tor there is something 
to be done in every week in the year — something 
to attend to, which will add to wealth, amuse 
and in.sinict the mind, interest the imagination, 
and benefit the general tone of mental and phy- 
sical health. 
“ Persevere against discouragement — keep 
your temper — employ leisure in study, and al- 
ways have some work on hand — be punctual 
and methodical in business, and never procras- 
tinate — never be in a hurry — presence self-pos- 
session. and not be talked into conviction — rise 
early and be an economist ot the lime — .maintain 
dignity without the appearance ol pride — man- 
ner is something with everybody, and every- 
thing with some — be guarded in disci.'urse, at- 
tentive and slow to speak — never acquiesce in 
immoral or pernicious opinions — be riot forward 
lo assign reasons to those wno have no right to 
ask — think nothing in conduct unimportant and 
indifferent — rather set than follow example — 
practice strict temperance, and in all your trans- 
actions remember the final account;” 
In the early part of this month, if it has not 
been done in December, select a spot ol ground, 
p.''epare the necessary beds, and sow your tobac- 
co seed. Make the beds, if possible, on land 
newly cleared, or, at all events, on land which 
has not been seeded with grass. Break up the 
ground properly, grub up the small stumps, dig 
out the roots, and carefully remove them with 
the hand. Make the beds from three to four 
inches high, of a reasonable length, and trom 
three to three and a half feet broad, so as to en- 
able the fingers, at arm’s length, to weed out the 
tender plants from both sides of the bed. Be- 
fore the seed is sown, take some dry trash, and 
burn it off upon the beds, to destroy insects and 
grass seeds, q’ake one ounce of tobacco seed, 
mix it with a quart of drv ashes, so as to sepa- 
rate it as much as possible, and sow it broad- 
cast. After it has been thus sown, slightly rake 
the surface, tread it down with your whole 
weight, that the ground may at once closely ad- 
here to the seed; and sprinkle with rain or river 
water. Should the beds become dry, from 
blighting winds or othercauses, watering should 
be consianHy repeated until the young plants 
