THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
31 
wealthier neighbors who enjoy the luxury of the 
boohs themselves. We shall confine ourselves 
mostly to extracts, giving only such remarks as 
we may deeraot importance. 
Instead of taking the work in regular order, 
we shall first give our author’s select listsof the 
different fruits, in order to enable the reader to 
use them in giving orders for trees. 
Apples. — Select list of apples for a small gar- 
den, to ripen in successions 
Summer. 
Early Harvest. 
Red Aslrachan. 
Early Strawberry. 
Drap d’Or. 
Early Red Margaret. 
Williams’ Favorite. 
Autumn. 
Porter. 
Fall Pippin. 
Ross Nonpareil. 
Maiden’s Blush. 
Jersey Sweet. 
Fall Harvey. 
Gravenstein. 
Sammer Sweet Paradise. 
Golden Sweet 
Ramb-o. 
Winter. 
Newtown Pippin. 
Dutch Mignonne. 
Esepus Spitzenburgh. 
Baldwin. 
Ladies’ Sweeting. 
Northern Spy. 
Swaar. 
Boston Rnsset. 
Rhode Island Greening. 
Yellow Belle-Fleur. 
.\merican Golden Russet. 
Lady Apple. 
Peck’s Pleasatit. 
(Herefordshire Pearmain. 
Apples of fine qiialily, suitable to a cold, north- 
ern climate, — Fa mease, Canada Reinette, Pora- 
me de Neige, Rhode Island Greening, Boston 
Russet, Porter, Baldwin, Sw’aar, Red Astrachan, 
Ladies’ Sweeting, Northern Spy, Golden Ball. 
Apples of fine qualiti!, suited to a southern cli- 
mate. — Early Red Margaret, Large Yellow 
Bough, English Golden Pippin, Sheep Nose, 
Lady Apple, Maiden’s Blush, Grevenstein, 
Golden Reinette, Green Newtown Pippin, Eng- 
lish Russet, hlal Carle, Yellow Belle-Fleur, 
Wine Apple, Roman Stem. 
A number of native varieties, which liave 
originated at the extreme South, are found to 
succeed better there than most of our Northern 
apples. Among these are the Horse Apple, 
Mountain Pippin, Father Abram, etc. These 
are not fine at the North, but are well adapted 
to the climate of Georgia, Alabama, &c. 
The names in the nurseries in the East dif- 
fer materially from those of the West, bat 
there are several app’es famous among us that 
are not in this list. The Prior Redstands first of 
all among us. The Golden Russet an-d White 
Belle-Fleur, of Western nurseries, are distinct 
and very popular. The Carolina is a good ap- 
ple w’ith us lor the New Orleans and West In- 
dia markets, though for alkelse valueless. The 
Waxen apple, (Belmont of Hendrick,) is very 
highly esteemed in Ohio as an early winter ap- 
ple, under the name of Gate Apple and White 
Apple. The Red Streak Jane, of some ol our 
nurseries, is believed to be the same as Prince’s 
Harvest. The Blackburn, of our nurseries, is 
an apple of high repute, but we do not know 
its|synonyms. TheNewtovvnPippin,so highlv 
esteemed in the East, is said by some not to 
succeed well in the West. This is, however, 
a mistake. This apple requires everywhere to 
be well manured whenever it shows signs of 
failure. In Mr. Orr’s collection there is an 
apple which he calls the Yellow Prior, but 
which in Indiana is called Yellow Russet. It 
is an apple of extra large size, red, streaked 
with yellow, very showy and attractive. Its 
exterior resembles the Prior Red, and its flesh 
in color and flavor is as nearly as possible the 
same. It is, however, much larger, and the 
growth of the trees different, and much more 
luxuriant. It may be a seedling ol the Prior. 
It cannot possibly be surpassed. 
Apricots — Selection of Apricots for a small 
Garden. — Large Early, Breda, Peach, Moor- 
park. 
Selection for a cold, or Northern climate. — Red 
Masculine, Roman, Breda. 
As the Apricot blooms eariy, il is very liable 
to be killed b}-- frost, but every one should try 
them. They may be had with certainty under 
glass, and trained to a wall they are easily pro- 
tected. while in bloom, by means of matting or 
straw. Planted in an exposed situation they 
often fruit in this climate without protection. 
It is a most delicious fruit, P should alway.s 
be grafted on the plum — never on the peach if 
plum stocks can be procured. 
Cherries. — Seleclion of Cherries for a small 
Garden. — Early Purple Guigne, Baumann’s 
Early, Knight’s Early Black, Mayduke, Bigar- 
rean, Tartarian, Downer’s Late, Elton, Trades- 
cant’s Black, Belle de Choisey, Sxveet Mont- 
morency, Kentish, Morello. 
The hardiest cherries are the Kentish, (or 
Virginian May,) the Morello, and the Mayduke. 
These succeed well at the farthest limits, both 
north and south, in which the cherry can be 
raised, and when all other varieties fail, they 
may be depended on lor regular crops. Next 
to these, in this respect, are the Black Heart, 
Downer’s Late, Downton, and Ellon. 
CoRRANTS.- — The White and Red Dutch are 
recommended as far superior to the common 
Red and the common White. Knight’s Large 
Red is a third larger than the Red Dutch. 
Knight’s Early Red has the merit of ripening 
ten days earlier than the other sorts. May’s 
Victoria, a new English sort, is said to be very 
large. 
Goosberries, — Selection of sorts for a very 
small Garden.— Red: Red Warrington, Keen’s 
Seedling, Crown Bob. Yellow: Early Sulphur, 
Yellow Ball. White: Woodward’s White- 
smith, Early White, Taylor’s Bright Venus, 
WhiteHoney. Green: Pitraaston, Green Gage, 
Green Walnut, Parkinson’s Laurel. 
Grapes. — Selection of foreign Grapes for ho.rdy 
culture.— 'R.oyal Muscadine, Early Black, July 
Early, White Malvaiso, Black Prince. 
Selection of foreign Grapes for a vinery. — Black 
Hamburgh, White Muscat of Alexandria, 
White Fi’ontignan, Royal Muscadine, West’s 
St. Peters, Red Froniignan. 
Selection of native Gapes for a small Garden. 
— Catawba, Bland, Ohio, Lenoir, Isabella. 
Plums. — Selection of choice varielies for a small 
Garden. — Royal Halive, Hud.son Gage, Green 
Gage, Jefferson, La vrrence’s Favorite, HuHng’s 
Superb, Purple Favorite, Purple Gage, Coe’s 
Golden Drop. 
Plums that will bear well in light soils, o.nd 
generally withstand the Curculio. — Lombard, 
Cruger’s, Blue Gage, Roe’s Autumn Gage, 
Red Gage, LongScarlet, Bleecker’s Gage, Coe’s 
Golden Drop, and all the Damsons. 
Plums suitoMe for a cold Northern climate.-- 
81x111^3 Orleans, Bleecker’s Gage, Denniston’s 
Superb, Corse's Nola Bene, Orleans, Cruger’s 
Scarlet, Wa#iington, Duane^ Purple. 
Plums suitable for a Southern climate. — Bing- 
ham, Imperial Gage, Washington, Large Long 
Blue, Hiilling’s Superb, Coe’s Late Red, Coe’s 
Golden Drop. 
Selection of choice Pears fyr a small garden, to 
ripen in succession from July to April. — Made- 
leine, Bloodgood, Dearborn’s Seedling, Bart- 
lett, or William’s Bon Chretien, Andrews, 
Summer Franc Real, White Doyecne, Seckel, 
Fondante d’Autorame, Surpasse Virgalieu, 
Urbaniste, Dunmore, Marie Louise, Van Mons 
Leon le Clerc, Beurre Bose, Dix, Columbian, 
Winter Nelis, Beurre d’Aremberg, Knight’s 
Monarch, and (for deep warm soil,) Beurre de 
Ranz. 
Selection ofveryhomdy and good Pears for a cold 
climate. — Fulton, Bloodgood, Seckel, Stevens’s 
Genesee, Hazel, Marie Louise, Beurre Bose, 
Dix, Hacon’s Incomparable, Buffum, Beurre 
Capiaumont, Andrews, Bartlett, Washington, 
White Doyenne, Beurre Diel, Winter Neiis, 
Beurre d'Aremberg, Piece’s St. Germain. 
Almost all the varieties do well in the in- 
terior; the old French sorts usually better than 
with us, and the following sorts are gererally 
finer in a warmer climate, say that ofMa*'}’- 
land, than here; Beurre de Ranz, Glout Mor- 
ceau, Easter Beurre, Ne Plus Meuris, St. Ger- 
main, &c. 
Perry Pears. — These are little attended to in 
this, country; Perry being made from the most 
common varieties. The best English Perry 
pears are the .following: Oldfield, Barland, 
Longland, and Teinton Squash. 
Peaches. — The names of these differ so 
much in the different parts of the country that 
any list is of little value. The Tippecanoe, the 
Baltimore Beauty, and Belle de Vitry,are high- 
ly prized in New Jersey and Delaware. The 
following is Mr. Downing’s lisl : 
Selection of choice Peaches for a small garden, 
to furnish in succession . — Preestones: Early 
Tillotson, White Imperial, Early Newington 
Freestone, Royal George. Grosse Mignonne, 
George IV., Crawford’s Early, Bergen’s Yel- 
low, Noblesse, Brevoort, Malta, Late Red 
Rareripe, DruidHill. Clingstones: Large White 
Clingstone, Oldmixon, and Heath. 
Selection of hardy amd excellent sorts for a North- 
e'ni latitude. — George IV., Yellow Rareripe, 
Early York, Morris Rtd Rareripe, Grosse 
Mignonne, Noblesse, White Imperial, Craw- 
ford’s Early, Favorite, Bellegarde, Brevoort, 
Cooledge’s Favorite, Morris’s, While Rareripe, 
Large White Clingstone. 
The best varieties for forcing, are the Grosse 
Mignonne, Noblesse, Bellegard. Royal George, 
White Imperial, P>.oyal Charlotte, and Barring- 
ton. 
Nectarines. — Selection of choice hardy Nec- 
to,rines, for a small gamden. — Early Violet, El- 
ruge, Hardwicke Seedling, Hunt’s Tawn)', 
Boston, P.oman, New White. 
The Guince. — The apple-shaped is the most 
popular variety. It bears large round fruit, re- 
sembling the apple in shape, of fine flavor when 
cooked. The Portugal is considered superior 
to all others in flavor, its flesh becomes deep 
crimson wiien cooked. It is a shy bearer. 
Raspberries. — The Yellow Antwerp and 
the Red Antwerp are the best of the old va- 
rieties. The Red Antwerp is very different 
from the common red which goes by that name. 
It is rather tender. Ol the new kinds tried in 
this country the Franconia and Fastolff are 
highly esteemed. The Ohio Ever-bearing is 
recommended as deserving a place in every gar- 
den. The Victoria is a new kind, not tried 
fully in this country, said to equal the Red 
Antwerp in flavor, audio bear freely from July 
to December. 
Subsoil Plowing. 
From the Southern Planter. 
Amongst the agricultural discoveries of mo- 
dern times, none perhaps deserves to rank high- 
er than the invention oi'the subsoil plow. The 
value of this implement will, it is true, vary 
much with the nature of the earth to which it 
is applied, but in most situations we believe it 
to be one of the cheapest and most efficient 
means of improving the soil. It is a happy 
expedient, by which all the old opposition to 
deep plowing is at once lemoved. By this 
means, the earth can be stirred and mellowed to 
a great depth, whilst the shallow mould upon the 
surface is kept where it is most desirable to re- 
tain it. If any farmer is so g'rten as to ask, 
what is the use of breaking up the soil below, 
v.'e answ-er, that il is only pulverized earth that 
attracts and retains moisture. If, a lew inches 
below the surface, you have a compact clay, 
into which the roots of plants can never pene- 
trate, when the exhausting heat of the summer 
sun has evaporated the moisture, as it will do 
for several inches, what is to support the plant"? 
Ohi then we have a drought, as it is called ; 
but if you will permit the roots to penetrate 15 
to 20 inches into your subsoil, (and they will 
gladly avail themselves ot the opportunity, they 
will then find inexhaustible supplies of mois- 
ture in which they mav revel, secure from the 
withering rays ol the fiery sun, which seek in 
vain to penetrate their store house. 
But the prevention ol drought is by no means 
all the benefit to be derived Ircm subsoil plow- 
ing. Beneath that portion of the earth’s sur- 
face which has been subjected to cultivation, 
lies a virgin soil, possessed ol different but un- 
exhausted, and frequen.ly very valuable mine- 
ral properties. It sometimes happens that this 
soil in its primitive slate is very inimical tri ve- 
getation, but when fieely operated upon by the 
atmosphere, it undergoes chemical changes 
that assimilate it to the most produciive of the 
virgin soils that are found upon the surface. 
To this operation of the atmosphere, these 
slumbering stores of feriilization areexposedby 
the breakening and loosening efl'ect of the sub- 
soil plow. 
