38 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
or other substances. Water the plants morn- 
ing and evening until they have taken root. 
Fill up all vacancies where the plants die, with 
new ones. 
The first fine weather after the 20;h of this 
month, commence planting your cotton seed. 
Put in one-half of your crop ten days before 
the remainder, in ordertiiat you will not be too 
much driven in your harvest. Moisten your 
seed, ana roll it with ashes and earth, and it 
will vegetate earlier, and will require a less 
quantity per acre. 
Alter your ground is well plowed and pre- 
pared by dvkes and ditches for inundation, sow 
your low-loMd rice broadcast, at the rate of a bu- 
shel or a bushel and a halt to an acre, and har- 
row it with a light harrow, having many teeth. 
Immediately after sowing, inundate the ground 
with water lor three or four days, or until the 
rice begins to swell, and then shut it off. As 
soon as the young rice is about three inches 
high, let the water in again so as to leave their 
tops j ust above the surface and let it remain un- 
til ten days or a fortnight previous to harvest, 
when it should be drawn off 
Plant Indian corn if it was not done last 
month. Harrow and weed it, as soon as it is 
large enough. Attend to the sugar cane, hoe 
and keep it clear of weeds. 
Bed out sweet potatoes as early as the season 
will permit. Place them on the level of the 
ground previously dug up and raked even, as 
near as you can without touching ; then cover 
them three or four inches, out of a trench dug 
all around the bed; this trench keeps the super- 
abundance of water drained off, and therefore, 
the bed warmei. A bed 40 feet long and 5 
wide, will plant 15 or 20 bushels of potatoes. 
When there is no danger of frost, scrape off 
part of the covering; and tlius enable them to 
vegetate earlier. Give the ground a liberal 
coat of manure. Have coops in readiness for 
young chickens — early ones are best. 
What was delayed last month may be suc- 
cessfully done in this. Selout your planis from 
your hot beds — plant French beans — all kinds 
of melons, cucumbers and tomato seeds, red 
peppers for pickling — celery seed for next win- 
ter, which must be set out when at a proper 
size, and jet grow all summer, when it must be 
blanched," Transplant aromatic herbs, trim le- 
mon and orange trees, procure the Brazilian va- 
riety of navel orange from St. John’s river. 
East Florida, if possible. Sow millet-grass 
about the 20th of this month, manure the ground 
well, and you will be repaid for the trouble. 
Hoe the cabbages and lettuce which were trans- 
planted last month, every ten days. 
The Model Farm of Ohio. 
From the Ohio Cultivator. 
The model farm of this Stale contains 100 
acres, 75 of which are well cleared, ana the 
whole under fence. 60 acres are embraced in 
one enclosure, and this includes all the arable 
and meadow land upon the farm. The build- 
ings arc all cf stone, neat, durable and commo- 
dious. The dwelling is not large, but capa- 
cious enough for use of the family and a room 
and a bed or two for an occasion?! friend. The 
kitchen and stables are supplied with water 
from the same spring. No stock but hogs and 
sheep are permitted to graze. The cattle and 
horses are constantly kept in their stalls, and 
are always in good order. The cows are at all 
times fat enough for the butchers, and the grow- 
ing stock at two years old attain the weight of 
ordinary steers at four. During the summer 
they aie soiled, with green food, consequently, 
20 acres in grass is?ufRcienl to keep four horses 
and ten cows with their offspring iinn'l the young 
stock are ready for the market at three or foui 
years old, when they ave.''age him S30 per head. 
Of these he makes it a point to sell ten head a 
year. For his stock he raises about one acre of 
roots, sugar beets, mangel-wurtzel and turnips 
each year, which yields hinv on an average 
about 1500 bushels. Of corn he cultivates five 
acres a vear, which, by proper culture and ju- 
dicious rotation, yields him 500 bushels. Five 
acres 'in wheat gives him yearly 150 bushels. 
Five acres of oats, 300 bushels. 
He has an orchard of eight acres, in which 
he has 200 apple trees, 25 pear, 25 plum, 100 
peach, and 50 cherry trees. This is divided 
into foui compartments of two acres each. 
Two of these he plows up every year, and in 
the spring plants them in Jerusalem Artichokes. 
Here he keeps his hegs. In the two that are 
not plowed, he has a clover and orchard grass 
lev, in which the swine feed from the middle of 
May to the first of August, when they are let 
into one of the artichoke yards and range at 
will into the two grass yards and this till win- 
ter, when they are passed into the second arti- 
choke yard, where they are kept till the gra-s 
has sufficiently advanced in one of the fields to 
turn them into that. Thus upon grass, roots 
and fruit the swine are kept so thrifty, that a 
few bushels of grain are sufficient to make 
them ready for the butcher. In this way he ma- 
nages to kill thirty hogs a year, which will av- 
erage 400 lbs. each. He gives them beet win- 
tering. 
His sheep range principally in the woods, 
with a small pasture of five acres. He keeps 
75 head, which yield him 300 pounds of wool 
a year. 
i\s this farmer has raised a large family, and 
raised them all well, having given each child a 
good practical education, 1 was curious to look 
into his affairs, and as he keeps a regular ac- 
count current of his transactions, it gave him 
no trouble to inform me of the result of his 
mode of proceeding, which is briefly as follows: 
Product of the farm — 
10 beef cattle, average S30 per head $300 
25 hogs at $12perhead 'JOO 
200 bushels Corn at 25 cents per bushel 5'J 
Product of Sheep 100 
do. Uiaty 200 
do. Oichard 300 
Other and smaller crops 100 
Total $1,350 
His hired labor cost him on an av. per annum ... . 3U0 
Nett proceeds $1,050 
Thus, from 100 acres ot land, even in Ohio, 
this man has been able to lay by, and invest at 
interest, on an average, S500 a year for the last 
12 years. He has now some eight or ten thou- 
sand dollars at interest, and his home is a home 
indeed. Who does better on a tarm of 1000 
acres 1 Or who has improved his condition by 
going west, more than he has bv staying here ? 
Of course, like'others, he has suffered some- 
what from unfavorable seasons, in some ot his 
crops, but his correct system of culture and in- 
telligent management generally obviates every 
difficulty which springs from this source, and as 
his crops are always better than his neighbors’ 
the advance in price more than makes up the 
deficiency. His system of saving and making 
manures, turns everything inm the improvement 
of his soil, weeds, ashes, the offal of his stock, 
soap suds, bones, and everything that will tend 
to enrich it, are carefully saved and properly 
applied. 
The history of this man is brief, but, to the 
farmer, interesting. He began with the patri- 
mony of good sense, sound health and industri- 
ous habits. Excellent so far. In 1830 he had 
six children and ^3,000, He bought his farm 
in a state of nature in 1830, for which he paid 
S'400. He expended ^460 more in clearing his 
land, in addition to his own labor. He first put 
up a temporary cabin in which he moved his 
family. $1000 he put out at a permanent an- 
nual icterest, and the remaining $1,200 with 
the earlier profits of his farm, he appropriated 
to the erection of his buildings, which were 
complete in 1834. In the selection ot his fruit, 
besought for the best varieties which always 
gave him preference in the market. So of his 
stock. In this he avoided the mania of high 
prices, and has made up in judicious crossing 
and breeding, w'hat others seek at great cost in 
foreign countries. Everything he does is done 
well. Everything he sends to the market com- 
mands the highest price, because it is of the 
best kind. In hi.; parlor is a well selected li- 
brary ot some 300 volumes, and these books 
are read. He takes one political, one religious 
and two agricultural papers, and the N. A. Re- 
view ; refuses all offices, is, with his family, a 
regular attendant at church, and is a pious, up- 
right and conscientious man. He is the peace- 
maker in his neighborhood, and the chosen ar- 
biter in all their disputes ; he loans his money 
at 6 percent., and will take no more. 
He says he wants no more land for his own 
use than he can cultivate well — no more stock 
than he can keep well — more land will increase 
his taxes, his labor and expenses will be less 
profitable. 
Here is a model of a man and of a farmer, 
and the model of a farm. Who will be happy 
and follow his example! Agricola. 
Agriculture. 
The United States owe their great principle 
of power and duration to that spirit ot' honest 
industry and that God-reverencing feeling which 
filled and elevated their forefathers. They 
came from the old world to this new one, (to 
plow, harrow, and hoe it,) looking to God 
alone for his ble.ssing upon their endeavors to 
obey his great command, ot earning their living 
by the sweat of their brows. 
Spain sent out Cortez and Pizarro to gather 
the gold ol Peru and Mexico. They did gather 
it. Spain dropped her spade, her plow, and 
her hoe. She revelled in the pride which thiily 
millions of American dollars a year for a period 
did sustain. Shelostihe will, and of course the 
power, to continue that beauii’ul culture of the 
splendid peninsula in which her lot was cast. 
The hidalgo was loo proud to work; Grenada 
ceased to be what it once was— before the voy- 
age of Columbus — a paradise in its gardens; 
Spain has for lorly years past almost ceased to 
be heard ot, except in her misfortunes. In that 
period ol time, by the .‘weat of her brow, this 
Union has more than doubled the population of 
poor Spain, and grown so rich that the gold of 
the mine.', of Peru, gathered for twenty years, 
will not pay for the produce of our industry in 
one year, nor for that of'England cf last year 
for six morahs ; for, by the Parliamentary re- 
turns, the product of British agriculture in 1844 
was 83,000,000 000! 
There is no lesson in all history like that of 
the great fountain of Roman power. Cato said, 
“Meet the arduous labor ol the farm as you 
would the enemies of your country in battle. 
Summon all yourforces, and the earth v/ill re- 
ward you with all her gifts. Neglect her, and 
you perish.” ^ 
Such was the enthusiasm which gave that 
powerful people the first stand among the na- 
tions. When they became rich, built cities, 
herded in luxurious masses, crowded their am- 
phithoatres, lounged about their magnificent 
baths, trying to alleviate the horrors of the de- 
mon ot idleness ! bawling at every corner of the 
streets to pas.ser.s by, “ Quid Novnrvm! Quid 
whai’sihenews? theyfell a wre'ch- 
ed prey before the Goth and the Vandal, who 
lived a hardy life. 
It is hardly practicable to find between the 
Aroostook and the Rio Grande a sound man 
who idles his years away. All are impelled by 
the spirit of industry which old Cato would clap 
his hands to behold. Onward! onward! is the 
national, heartfelt cry. Labor with invincible 
perseverance. No disappointment can check 
his progress. The axe prostrates the forests of 
ages; on comes the plow; and then the cradle, 
which gathers in the glorious grain to feed all 
ours, and half another nation besides, it neces- 
sary. 
In the eagerness of culiivaiion, we have not 
yet had time to think of the necessary exhaus- 
tion of our vexed fields. Now in ouroMer 
fields we begin to see that in our excessive haste 
we have overdrawn our bank. Science and 
care must be consulted to restore that vegetable 
power which has been too profligately squeez- 
ed from the bosom of the earth ! The means are 
