50 
the southern CUI.TIVATOR. 
i's character, and improyin«? its cullivatiur as 
well as its use. Making with ease a sudicien- 
cy for existing wants, we have been hereUdore 
culpably nesligeni in its cultivation. .There 
must be some radical delect to occasion the 
marked contrast in its production here and in 
the North, Our climate it is said is too hot lor 
its net led growth. True as this may be to 
some extent, it is probable also that our ullage 
is not adapted to the climate. Uur soil can be 
strengthened, and if the heatol otir sun cannot 
be mitigated directly, its worst eflects u.ay be 
evaded'by skilllul management. A hiindied 
bushels ol corn to the acre has been avciaged 
repeatedly on good sized hekls ol native land 
'at the North, while we rarely ^^^her over fi teen 
bushels, and on our unmanured, 
from eight to ten is a lair yield. Their most 
enriched acre, in the gravelly soil of Connecn- 
cut too, turned out in 1844. 151 bushels; and 
laolher in New York produced some years ago 
174 bushels ; and a ten acre lot in Ohio avera- 
ged per acre 193 bushels— while we have reach- 
fKtainly only 89 bushels in this State, and last 
year 113 bushels in North Carolina, and I have 
good reason to believe that Il3 have been made 
©n Savannah river bottom. Still, this result is 
not discouraging. It show.s tne 
closer planting and manuring; and as a thou- 
sand acres may be brought to the same produc- 
tive capacity as one, it proves also, that we ca7i 
do much better than we are doms- 
It is far easier to enrich and till one acre with 
such effect, than to work ten after our present 
fashion. Tie land would improve yearly ; the 
laborers would perform their tasks with more 
cheerfulness and ease, and in housing t be pro- 
duce. our satislaciion would be incomparably 
greater. Supplying annually abundant nutri 
Sphere Mould be no need ol fallow ng. De 
Candolle’s theory ot roots excreting substances 
hurtlul to their repeated growth on tne same 
soil, existing only in conjecture the r.uation 
system might be abandoned. 
could be selected and corn perpetually n, 
each year increasing its produce over the last, 
until thes..il attained what is unknown yet, its 
maximum productive ability. 
But our common culture I lear has its evik , 
and with the hot sun, must share the r^ponsi- 
bility of failure. Perhaps we ^ 
our corn too late in the season, and ib^s cu 
th* roots at the critical periods ol tasseling or 
shooting. We ma v plant too wide J ^ 
stronger lands pariicitlarlv, and lose the ben 
cS ol shading the soil, which checks ^e 
growth of grass and pi otects the roo _ . 
should break the land deep j,. 
roots will not spread so much it ^bey can 
scend, and will be less apt to be ^t vv. 11 gather 
more nutriment when manured b'jl, an^ 
suffer less in a dry season, provided the sur- 
fice has strength to impel them to the e ay sab 
soil where moisture is perpetral. We shouia 
plant early, since it always increases the grain, 
and it is equally imporianlto gather as eailv as 
h can be preserved, lor here likewise the g am 
isau<'menled. In short, by carelul expenmen 
and judicious reflection, I have no d^^bt any i 1 
effects of climate may he overcome, and this 
inJa uable plant grown in its utmost perlection 
on our soil and under our sun; aJid 
corn alone sold in Ike srain, or mnnvfachu ed into 
Zoar or fed away and sold m meat, every 
Planter will soon as nil should do an in- 
tadSurulelopay all kis planlation and family 
'■''K we have other products to aid in subsist- 
inlSur peoXand mU, «tuch hava a„rac,ed 
our attention to some extenj, y V 
and sS are' well"dLTied"o 
Sl.l )00 bShe°s “f Mba This i.s equal to 
ihe highest produce in England, where 
ire an important crop, and its amount greatlv 
increased by spade cultivation, "^bich is proved 
!o be the bek Twenty years ago, 5 to 600 bu- 
shels to the acre was counted an immense yield 
there whereas 15 to 1800 bushels per acre is by 
no meins uncommon now. By adding lo the 
ordinary mode of cow ^ 
neat or dried mud saturated with the drip 
pin^/s of thHlable and 20 or 30 bushe s per 
aerSot pounded bone-s, I am convinced that we 
can equal in amount oi turnips a^y^bing on re- 
cord.^ Bones have indeed become-so b'gbly ap 
meciated, that in the German States, a tarifl is 
hnposedontheirexportation. 
Iv of lime and phosphoric acid, they a e valua- 
We likewise tor corn and cotton, but the supply 
is too limited to make it more than an object to 
collect and pound or grind them for our unnips 
The Jerusalem Artichoke is also capital lood 
for cattle, but especially lor hogs. It is planted 
and cul'ivated precisely like corn, and in good 
and ocn 500 m 1.000 bushels ot tubers per 
acre is not unusual. The leaves make equa.ly 
as good Ibdder as those of corn, and abdut a. 
abundant, and the stalks likewise are as good 
absorbents lor our compost heaps. It has been 
asserted that a single acre ol them ^'®b 
lood lor twenty hogs for lour months. Like corn 
and iheiorpea, U would be highly uselul in re- 
storing land.^and being easily destroyed with the 
plow, would never become troublesome lo other 
^"^The Sweet Potatoe is too generally planted, to 
do more than allude to it as excellen food for 
our negroes as well as our stock. It is one- 
fourth as nutritious as meat iiselt, or three lbs. 
are equal to 12 ounces of bread, and 5 ounces 
of meat. Itctriainly merits more extensive 
^“whearand Rice might be 
consumption, and when over supplied at home 
there are Foreign markets Lr them both, whirh 
are Lvcrglulled. Ourheavy loamsand strong 
r>lav lands would yield fair crops ol wheat. 
Sev^enty bushels nave been gathered from an 
arre, and 56 bushels averaged cn 
Eno-land; and an extraordinary yield on a small 
Su properly prepared and drilled at intervals 
six inches, aiiained the enoimous amount of 
S-liO huhel, pro P“ 
bushels have been cut Irom an acre in N. Ytik, 
eS from an acre in Ohio, and (ilbusheds have 
been averaged on large fields; and n isbtlieved 
at the North that drilling and judicious culture 
wi l turn out on good land in this country 100 
bushels to the acre. As with respect to Ind an 
Corn we are far behindthe.se results; but when 
we turn our attention strictly to wheal, 1 see no 
reason why we shouhi not avera e 
production of any other region. Onr climate 
cannot be an ob'^iacle, since in warmer (onn- 
iries in olden lime, in Egypt, 
ly immense drops of it were made, and ihe tben 
k^nown world was mainly supplied from the. e 
s,mme.s, in tie periods of their respective pros- 
''^Floiir is imported very considerably into this 
State. The entire wheat crop ot ^^orgia for 
1844 was little over a million >f bushe b i < 
oeneral crop of near one hundred m'' 'o"*- 
keie is an ample market lor us, and could ue 
by porsibmty over-supply it, England would 
cLsume the^surpliis at a compensating price. 
Her deficiency of crop last year was esinnated 
variously at lU twenty five to fifty mdltons o 
bushels, and her p pulation incrjs n las'e 
than the ahility of her land to leed thern. and 
Imr com laws^ being soon to be repealed, she 
will always offer a good market for fltmr. Our 
Southern flour, loo.' is the richest in the world 
Anaivsis has proved that the flour made in this 
country is eight to ttri per cent richer in the es- 
semial principle of gluten 'ban any made in 
Europe, ^and the farther South it has been ed 
amonsr us the richer is the wheat. 
Ri"; it is said, willgrow wherevercorn w, 1 
and it’ is remarked also, that our up-coun ry 
rice is larger grained, whiter. «nd mote nu.r - 
tioiis than that in the tide-water reg.om Plant 
ed ir our richer drained land, it dii- 
faircrop and although the grass would be dii 
ficullto^kill without flooding, still 'be culuva- 
S would well repay us the labor expended. 
Its consumption is increasing evei ywl, ere and 
its great productive regit nsare mainly conhned, 
at least in America, lo the low c uniry ol Ca - 
olina and Georgia. tnm- 
Some ot our planters are already wisely urn 
ing their attention to Tobacco. 1 Ins v ^^d, m hile 
bilieily leviled by many, is yet esteemed b\ a 
large majority of th. se v ho have access to it as 
one of Heaven’schoicesi giltsto man. 1 o mil- 
lions it is a comlort, lor which nothing can be 
l"bs,i.u«<l,ar.<l i. ^a.vb=r.ga.d.d,s ceMa,n 
that its consumption will go on '"ttiea.. g 
the end of lime. We now purchase a.l iha 
we use, and at com[>araiively a high price. It 
isdiscredi'abletoany planter lo buy hi.-^ tobacco, 
and in a lew years it will so be universally con- 
sidered. We can readily giovv it to an extent 
beyond our own demand. Three to lour hiinded 
dollars have been realized in a season m EU'rufa 
irom a single acre in tobacco, b"' Jb^ 
Ibis could be made here we would be lully .at 
i-fied. Eight hundred i minds have beet; ga- 
thered from an acre in this State, and if it weie 
from the Cuba seed, and it is true that ^ 
will make a thousand cigar.s, this vicld wou d. 
nroduce 100,000 cigars; tliese, if sold tor only 
25 c'^nis per hundred, would bi ingihe handsome 
^nount of S250 This crop is so -^b.aust.ij 
l.i land as to abstract in the lair pioduce ot an 
acre, as much as 170 poundsof minetal rnaitei 
vet reasonable succes.s compaied with the cal- 
culations made, wc>uld anthoiizea l< ige exft 
ditare of manure and labor in , 
Indigo, an extir.ct staple, might le revived 
and grown again lo sonieextent. It c< ti manos 
from 30 to 50 ccnis a ® f 
land will produce about 5(.0 we+ght. I 
wild among us, and the weed i f mis wild phin. 
is better than ihaftrom impoiled se. c , ^b< wing 
the perlecl adaptation to luf t ur climate ^nd 
soih Some trouble and ext ense ate if quiied 
in its preparation, but they would be tully com- 
^^^Madder, likewise, would well repay the labor 
of cultivation. It has been 
into Ohio with great success, whe e t ts a^cer 
tamed that strong smls will > f.i n iw o to 
three thousand m umds ot it per acre. It eel s lor 
15 cenisa lb. Thisdemands a.sosi n.eskill and 
much care in its culture and preparation, but un- 
der the system of Agriculture I suggest, ski I 
and eare. now so wholly wanimg m 
our operations, will soon b^buiu anl.y and ha- 
bitnally applied to every kind ol c op. Both 
mese dve-sinfls ate extensively need in^he lac- 
lories at the North and all over the woild, and il 
rnanulacluring continues to "'cmase ere hke* 
wise, as 1 think it cetiamly a htnie mar 
ket would be opened lor them, vhich, at lea.t, 
we should etuleavc r lo sni ply. 
I mould hesitate to recommend any Planter, 
entirely unacquaiTiud with the business, to in- 
vest largely in the cotton 
snrini>ing up in our region, and least ot all, to 
under'lake himself to d.iect one; but tmques- 
liunablv it is our interest to encourage tfipin by 
all the means we can properly use. Such ?*?■"'- 
ers however and other citizens as have risked 
^ 11,1 are now risking themselves in these, to us, 
somewhat novel enterprises, and the stfr.ngers 
come among us lorthe sarr.e pm. pose 
are entitled to our highest gratitude lor their 
enterprise and patriotism, from winch, m g.'ou 
Sson we cannot tail to reap steal advamages. 
'in lime they will becoiiie safe derosiiories lor 
o"; suTluI funds, and uur ^■biUlren may be 
S;stimerVnmUr:i;'orcu^^^ 
LoVelam P.cduction; will introouce ot give 
' me to capital among us, and set us the best ex- 
amples t.l industry, skill, care and economy, m 
r,rrr";7;qi.v,!;i;;:em.H.„ev»',poong 
’°Z"l:/r"t/aSorraralacluree,uMlyap. 
