THE SOUTHERN CULTIVAl.'OR. 
AUGUSTA, GA. 
VOL. IV., rxiO. 4., 1646. 
New Englaiid Industry. 
We have been exceedingly interested in a pa- 
per, which we find in the National Intelligencer, 
of 7 th March. It is a synopsis of the “Statistics 
of the condition and products of certain branches 
of industry in Massachusetts for the year ending 
April 1, 1345.” And what think you is the ag- 
gregate of the products of the labor of the peo- 
ple of that State in the items enumerated 7 No 
less than $114,473,443— nearly twice as great as 
th'^ value of the whole Cotton crop of the South I 
Look, for a moment, at the items jn the table 
that exceed a million of dollars. They are. 
nieachiiig or coloring cotton goods . ..$2,166,000 
Koo's and Shoes . It. 799, '4'.) 
Butler I,|I6.7'<9 
C.ilico 4.779.9'7 
’ (.'audies... i 0.6l3;9o 
Cars, carriages. &c 1.343, .576 
Chairs and cabinet- ware 1,476,679 
Colton goods of all kinds ..12,193,449 
Fishery, cod and mackerel. 1-184.137 
do Whale 10,371.167 
G-ain 2.228,229 
Hay 5,214,357 
liollow-ware and castings 1 .280,14 1 
Leather 3.836,6.57 
Alachinery 2,022,648 
Paper 1,750.273 
Potatoes 1,309.030 
Rolled and slit iron, and nails 2,7-38,300 
filone squared lor building purposes 1,06-5,599 
Straw bonnets and hats, pa nt leaf hats and 
braids., 1.649 496 
Vessels 1,172.146 
Wood, (file,) bark and charcoal I,0rj8,6.56 
Woollen goods of all kinds 8.^77,478 
Other enumerated goods and produce 5,204,111 
Kon enumerated do do 4,758,581 
Then, in the grand list, are other items, each 
amounting to less than a million of dollars, viz : 
Anchors, chain cables, &c, beef, bricks, tallow 
and soap, caipeting, cheese, chemical prepara- 
tions, copper, cordage, cutlery, engines and boil- 
ers, firearms, truit, glass, glue, hats and caps, 
iron pig, iron railing, &c., jewelry and watches, 
white lead anfi paints, lumber and shingle.^, 
milk, musical instruments, oil, larJ, saddles, har- 
ness and trunks, shovels, spades, forks and hoes, 
sewing silk, snuff, tobacco and segars, refined 
sugar, tacks and brads, tin-ware, upholstery, 
vegetables other than potatoes, w'ooden-ware, 
wool, worsted goods, amounting, together with 
the items over amihion, to the sum of $114, 478,- 
443. And all this immense sum is the result of 
the labor, for one year, of 152,766 persons, em- 
ploying a capital of $59,145,767. 
We are surprised that, in the tables we find 
no mention of ice. This is certainly a very im- 
portant item in any good account of the produc- 
tive industry of Massachusetts. For we were 
informed last summer, in a conversation with a 
gentleman who had the statement, as he said, 
from Mr. Webster, that Vne ice exported by Mas- 
sachusetts, paid for all the cotton consumed in the 
manufactories of that State. 
Besides the grand list, we have a large number 
of tables, exhibiting very interesting statistics 
in detail, of various departments of industry — 
such as the number of mills, manufactories and 
male and female operatives employed therein ; 
consumption and value of different articles used 
in manulactuving ; statistics of the whale, mack- 
erel and cod fisheries ; statistics of sheep and 
wool; number and value of cattle, stock, &c.; 
statistics of grain produced; statistics of other 
agricultural and domestic products. In this last 
table, we find potatoes to amount to nearly five 
millions bushels; fruit, to nearly three millions 
do. ; butter, to nearly eight^raiilions pounds ; 
cheese, over seven millions ; milk, nearly three 
millions of gallons; broom corn and seed to the 
value of $S6, 111 ; and shoe pegs, to iheamountof 
13,608 bushels, valued at $18,206. 
When the citizens of a State have such an ex- 
hibit to show to strangers, they have something 
lobe proud of; and when those who are elected 
to make laws have such minute and accurate 
statistical information before them, they can go 
on in the discharge of their duties boldly and 
fearlessly — and not groping in the dark as with 
us magnificent Southrons. 
To a citizen of the Southern States itis exces- 
sively mortifying, when in New F.ngland, to be 
asked bow many acres of land are in cultivation 
in cotton, rice, sugar, corn, &c., and to be com- 
pelled to answ'er — don’t known What is the 
number of sheep, horses, cows, &c., in Georgia? 
for example — don’t know. What is the amount 
of the cotton crop ? — so many bales. And 
so of everything else. What, no statistics!! 
No ; none except an account of the population. 
How in the world do your members of the Le- 
gislature get along in arranging taxes equitably, 
and doing the many other things that can’t be 
done right, without such statistical information 
as we in New England are so careful to collect ? 
Why, they have just to do as well as they can. 
There is no exaggeration in this.. And, trom 
present appearances, we fear such mortification 
will have to be endured for a long time yet by 
our Southern people. 
Soutlieru Indepeiuleiice. 
With a view of showing what people are do- 
ingin Mississippi to relieve them selves from the 
abject thraldom to which the South, too gene- 
rally, has been reduced by depending on Cotton 
for everything, we copy from the Albany Culti- 
vator an extract of Dr. Phillips’ letter to the 
Editor. Shall we hope for the extensive preva- 
lence of the like spirit ? 
“Our people are improving,” the Doctor says, 
“and will improve ; and I tell you more than 
this, that low prices of cotton, and high prices of 
our necessaries, wall open out in this wry clime a 
production that will drive many from our mar- 
ket. Pork can be bought cheaper in Eastern 
Mississippi than iu Cincinnati ; hay or fodder 
can be bought cheaper than in New York, Cin- 
cinnati, or New Orleans. I have sold an excel- 
lent lot (10 steers) of beef cattle at 2^ cents per 
pound. I know of a pretty large lot of two year 
old hogs, purchased at $2 50 to $3 each--they 
would weigh 150 to 200 lbs — say 160 lbs. average. 
I will sell weathers at 5 cents, stalled for two or 
three months. I hope to see the day that Mis- 
sissippi and Louisiana wall supply our own peo- 
ple with every necessary, and I glory in being one 
of Mississippi’s citizens who exerts himself in 
making her thus honorable and independent. I 
tell you, sir, it can be done, and yet send off our 
500,000 bales, worth $10,000,000, or more, and, I 
believe, to some extent, it will be, done in my 
day and time.”. 
Colmaii’s European Agriculture. 
We have received the fifth part of this very 
valuable w'ork, and ha\e read it with very great 
pleasure. We cannot but reyret, on looking over 
the list of subscribers, drat there are so few in 
the Southern States— not more than one in a 
hundred of the whole number, we think. There 
are to be ten numbers in ad, making two vo- 
lumes of about £00 pages each; and we do not 
see how anyone, ha\ing five dollars to spare, can 
make a better use of the money than by the pur- 
chase of Mr. Colman’s work. 
The subjects discussed in this 5lh No., are ; — 
General Markets. 
General Remarks and Divisions of the sul ject 
of English P’armins:, 
The Soil. - - 
Theories of the Ope»ation of the Soff. 
Soils ot Great Britain. 
Classific.ition of Soils. 
Physical Propenies of the Soil. 
Peaty Soil— Loamy Soil. 
Humus, or Vegetable Mould. 
Peculiarities of Soil. 
Application of Chemistry to Agriculture. 
Theory of Agriculture, 
Actual Improvements. 
Plowing'. 
The Perfection of Plow ing. 
Plowing Match at Saffron Walden. 
General Rules for Plowing. 
Improved Machiiiery. 
Moral Considerations. . 
Harrowing— se mif} ing or grubbing. 
General Remarks on the use of Agricultural 
Machinery. 
Particular Exam.ple.s of Improvement. 
Cornwall and the Lands’ End. 
Table of Calculations on Plowing. 
Deep Plowing. 
.Ill 1828, the celeiirated Dr. Cooper, of South 
Carolina, in an article in the Sou hern Review, 
on the “Principles of Agriculture,” made the 
remark, that “ accurate pulverizatioii, and deep 
plowing, are, as yet, very uncommon in our 
Southern States generally, and in South Caro- 
lina in particular.” This was w ritten, printed, 
and published a little more than eighteen years 
ago. And though since then, reasons have been 
immensely multiplied, from the w earing out of 
our Soil, and the diminished value of our chief 
crop — cotlon--\vhy an improved system of Ag- 
riculture should be adopted, yet here wm are, 
driving along in the old beaten track of our ances- 
tors, and spurning, too general])', every proposed 
improvement, especially if it be suspected to 
come from books. 
Blit it is useless to complain. Time Will w’oik 
a cure, after a while, in spite ol all the resistance 
of bigotry and folly. Stern necessity will com- 
pel other generations to profit by the lessons 
taught by science, even though they be recorded 
in books, as has actually happened in England 
in the course of the last hundred years. 
We wish we could transfer to our columns 
the w’hole of Dr. Cooper’s article on ihe “ Prin- 
ciples of Agriculture.” We are compelled, for 
want of room, to confine ourselves to an extract 
of so much of it as relates to pulveiization and 
deep plowdng ; 
“ Jethro Tull, who published in 1731 ard 1733, 
and who died in 1740,. may be considered as the 
father, 1st, of the pratice of pulverizing the soil 
to a degree not in use, before. It is true, he c n-’ 
sideied this practice essential, not only as afford 
ing a more easy passage to ihe tap-ioots, and tl • 
lateral fibres of roots, and encouraging iho' 
