THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
67 
size of a marble. A hand will beat three bu- 
shels of a rainy day. Get a coarse wheat grain 
silterand sift them all: 10 per cent, will be fine 
enough to mis with ashes, and put in your tur- 
nep drills. Spread the rest broadcast, 20 bu- 
shels at least to the acre— 100 if you can — and 
then be patient till you see the second cvo'^. On 
the turneps certainly, and if possible, on the po- 
tatoes, I would put bones at the rate of 25 bu- 
shels per annum, or 100 lor four years. Ot 
course every thing else will be much benefitted 
by it. Turneps are a valuable vrinter and 
spring food for cattle and hogs, being cooling 
and diuretic. They would be invaluable to us, 
as they are to others, if our sweet potatoe was 
not far better and more easily grown. I have 
lost three stands ot turneps by the fly this fall, 
and shall put in the fourth as soon as it holds 
up, though it is too late to make any thing but 
tops. It is a very uncertain crop. As to car- 
rots, beets and Irish potatoes, never think of 
planting them outol your garden. By great 
care you may then raise an inferior article lor 
your table, or lor early marketing, but never 
enough to feed a cow, if you planted ten acres 
of them. They do not belong to our clime — 
nor do turneps, in anything like perfection. 
And those wdio work against nature must pay 
for it, as those do w'ho grow pine apples at St. 
Petersburg. I count that your four hands can 
till these crops as well as your 50 acres ; but re- 
member, they will not bear neglect. Every 
spear of grass in your potatoe patch is one potato 
gone, at least. I am of opinion that potatoes 
should be planted in very small beds, and not 
until you have a breathing lime in your corn 
crop. They will do just before your first work- 
ing, or after your second. The common but ve- 
ry erroneous opinion is, that they must be plant- 
ed the first thing. They will do best I believe, 
planted last of April or 1st of May. 
Pindars are very prolific and very valuable. 
You may dig for seed or for market what you 
can sell, and fatten your hogs on them, the arti- 
chokes, and remains of potatoes after digging. 
Read about Ariichokes. 
But I find I have omilted one important item. 
One O' the acres I have given you lor grain I 
must take back, ft must be sown in forage 
corn, which will be woith 20 acres of rye or 
wheat, or oats, for provender. Pul 500 bushels 
ot manure on it, lay off drills, 2 to 2i feet, drill 
your corn (early) as thick as you can, and 
run a small plow through it two or three 
times to keep down the grass. Cut it down in 
the silk, and you may count on, if a fair season, 
20.000 lbs. of dry forage of the best quality, or 
100.000 lbs. of crreen. This and your shucks 
will furnish an ample supply of the most nutri- 
tious forage for all your cows and horses the 
year round, and enable you to sell every blade 
of your (odder— say 30,000 lbs — off your fifty 
acres of corn. Tkis is no fable. 
Now lor the main points: You must keep up 
your hill-side ditches. Study that matter close- 
ly, and see to it minutely. If you let the water 
wash away your soil it will carry with it.all the 
gold it contains, or that you can put on it. 
This point secured, the next is how to get the 
manure which my plan requires— say 30,000 
bushels. 
1st. Fill your stables, stable yard, cow and 
bog pens one foot deep with straw and leaves. 
Do it instantly. Manure, like interest, makes 
day and night, and an hour lost is lost forever. 
Don’t take up the idea of a little, and good. 
Make as much as possible, and if you can only 
gel into trash, dung and urine enough to act as 
leaven, put it on your land; nature will do the 
rest. Once fermentation is started, the work is 
done. After putting on one loot of leaves, &c., 
you must add a little from time to time lor the 
comfort of your animals, until you find the sta- 
bles, &c., inconveniently full. Then clean out, 
and heap it up in a wet time, and sprinkle a few 
bushels of plaster (no lime) over it; and, if you 
can, give a coalof muck six inches thick. Co- 
ver it with a shed besides if convenient. The 
plaster and muck, however, will save nearly all 
the gases; and if you were to put one or Doth 
of these on your yards and stables, from time 
to time, so much the better. By this plan you 
may make 1,000 bushels for each bead of horses 
and cows, and 200 for each hog. But this may 
not be half what you want : Then, 
2nd. You must go to composting. Get all 
the offal from the slaughter houses v/hich are 
convenient to you. Make arrangements to get 
the blood, which is invaluable. Get hair, 
horns, hoofs, bones, dung, everything. It will 
be leaven. Supply to it leaves in abundance, 
and let it cook them. Get all the dead carcas- 
ses about town. One dead mule or cow will 
make you 500 bushels of the best manure, if 
you will cover it with mud and leaves. I have 
no means of estimating the quantity you can 
make in this way, but it must be great. If, 
however, you have not enough yet, then 
3J. Go to Russell —buy JBommer’s patent — 
make Russell teach you how to use it in the 
most economical manner, and then make out 
and out enough manure to complete your 30,- 
000 bushels, lor 30,000 you must have to carry 
on your farm in perfection. 
As to stock: The best foreign herd for us is 
the Ayrshire. Taylor and Hampton both have 
it; but if you cannot procure it from them, Dr. 
J. B. Davis can tell you where it may be ob- 
tained in Fairfield. 1 couldgive you a half blood 
bull, and perhaps in time a full blood of the 
best of that stock. I am inclined to think the 
foreign stock crossed on the native is the best. 
Four to six cows you might keep; perhaps less 
would serve. The question would be whether 
most could be made by selling provender, or 
selling butter. Two cows you might feed on 
offal of the place, and you would hardly feel it. 
Peas, turneps, potatoes, &c., all answer well. 
Don’t have any more stock than you kecy-. atl 
the time and feed. They give double the milk 
when confined, and you have their manure. To 
milk two cows you must have about four. 
As to hogs, 1 am entirely out with all the im- 
proved breeds. They can’t stand our climate. 
1 have cultivated them until I have nearly lost 
my stock. 1 have never seen them thrive, ex- 
cept when two or three sows are kept about the 
yard, and perhaps your best plan would be to 
procure, say three Berkshire so'ws, and let them 
have the run of your stable and other lots, with 
tree access to water. These three ought to 
give you 20 killing hogs per annum, which 
would be an ample supply of bacon. One hog 
of 150 lbs. for each month, little and big, is a 
fair calculation. 
I recommend these small beginnings in the 
slock line, because they are very expensive ar- 
ticles. They eat enormously, and niust be well 
fed to do well, and unless one has a great deal 
of experience and manages well, he will soon 
find they cost more than they come to. Nothing 
is easier than to lose money by cattle and hogs. 
Sheep would be a nuisance to you. They suit 
aone but those who have large old fields and 
idle pasture lands in abundance, and are very 
troublesome and unprofitable then. Hampton 
has the best stock of them in America. When 
droves come in this winter you may purchase a 
few at $1,50, on which you can try your hand. 
You see in all my calculations I give the go- 
by to grains. In some situations, and in some 
soils, they do well. But you see how I esti- 
mate them in comparison with forage corn. If 
you had mills near that were prepared to grind 
flour fit to use, you might, from a couple of 
acres, well manured, grow your supplies. But 
it would be more trouble than profit. I have 
fine mills and am pretty well prepared, and shall 
for the first time this year sow wheat— 4 acres. 
Besides this, I have in two acres of rye, for 
calf pasture. I have not sown an oat in two 
years, and never will again. I have sowed as 
largely as 350 acres at once, I would prefer 10 
acres of forage corn to the whole 350. Where 
nothing else can be made with profit, grain may 
be tried. But you are too near market. You 
can sell every bushel of corn at 50 cents, ave- 
raging one year with another; or you may buy 
poor stock ot all kinds, feed away your corn, 
&c., and sell them at the close of shad lime, 
when beef, &c,, always bears the best price. 
You might easily clear a spot in the branch and 
grow your own rice. Half an acre would suf- 
fice. You might on one of your ten acres grow 
Spanish tobacco with great profit in a small 
way, and time will alsodevelope to you a great 
many changes for the better in the plan 1 sug- 
gest. In the meantime, on this plan your farm 
will be greatly improving, and ready for any 
change you may desire, I only propose a 
scheme for starling you. 
1 think you will want six handsto make your 
crop andyourmanure,and four horses or mules, 
a small wagon, two carts, three Boatwright 
plows, two bull-tongues, four sweeps. It would 
no doubt be the greatest advantage to all your 
land to subsoil it. By writing to A. B, Allen, 
of New York, editor of the American Agricul- 
turist, fan excellent $1 paper,) you can get a 
small one for two horses— such as I have got from 
him, at something underSlO, delivered. It will 
be worth your while to subsoil, if only 10 acres 
annually. 
Alter looking at your letter I return a moment 
to hogs. My trial of pens this year has not 
been a fair one, owing to the extraordinary heat 
and drought. On the v/hole, the hogs have done 
as well in the pens as in the woods, perhaps a 
little better. They have consumed more food, 
but the manure pays the difierence. 1 shall try 
them another year, but on a different system — 
in lots, witn running water, rather than pens — 
feeding them under a shelter well littered, where 
they will be sure to spend most of their leisure 
time, and yield me a fair share of manure. In 
food, hogs require frequent change, when not 
permitted to run out. Boiling is best, on the 
whole, but they lire of it. You may boil any- 
thing, peas, corn, turneps, potatoes, meal, tSrc. 
— and those are the things to feed them on, with 
a little fodder or cured corn stalks, rotten wood, 
charcoal, &c. — salting well and giving salts oc- 
casionally. Three sows in your lots would 
scarcely require more than the shattered corn 
and wastages. The pigs, as soon as weaned, 
should be kept to themselves, and the killing 
hogs to themselves. But in the small stock I 
recommend you to keep, I would make n» di- 
vision unless some of them proved mischie- 
vous. Let the sows pig in a secure sheltered 
place, and remain there separate from the rest 
lor a few days. 
As to woodland pasture, it will be found of 
great service from time to time, for dry cattle, 
jaded mules, hogs, &c. Its chief value will be 
in furnishing leaves for manure. No grains or 
grasses will, in this climate, grow in it to ad- 
vantage, without being thinned so as to destroy 
its value for wood — that is, taking off so much 
thai none could be cut without clearing it. 
Wood is to be cherished, and is more valuable 
where you are than grass pastures. 
Your idea of landscape gardening is a delight- 
ful one. Of course it would not be profitable, 
except in as much as it added to the permanent 
value of the place. Still, as far as you might 
feel inclined to indulge in it as a luxury, 1 would 
commend you to go. Money is a good thing, 
but a man is a fool who runs alteritas an end. 
It is a species of insanity. As a means, to what 
end could you devote it more likely to increase 
your happiness than in gravelled walks, terra- 
ces, and glorious bowers of native oakl 
Remedy for Lockjaw. — Having seen in the 
Argus of the 2lst, an account of the death of 
the son of Mr. Andrews Wasson, from lockjaw 
from a nail accidentally run into his foot, I 
w'ould state for the benefit of those afflicted from 
similar causes, that a common cent, or a piece 
of copper bound firmly upon the wounded part, 
and in actual contact with it, will cause almost 
immediate and entire relief, and cause the 
wound to speedily heal, whether it be made by 
rusty nail, steel instrument, splinter, or any 
other cause, either in foot, hand or other part of 
the body. 
N. B. Rusty or tarnished copper is prefera- 
ble to bright copper, though either will answer. 
