THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
153 
ot sand and sedge upon thq Columbia and por- 
tions of the Snake river, are everywhere cover- 
ed with the bunch grass, which, from observa- 
tion, I judge to be a richer, heartier food for an- 
imals than corn, oats and the best pasture of 
the States. It is a fine solid stalk, growing two 
feet high, with fine leaves, holds its freshness 
through the winter, I mean the old stock, which 
mingled with the young growth which usually 
springs fresh in the fall, forms a food for ani- 
mals through the winter, preferable to the best 
hay. Horses and oxen perform labor at all sea- 
sons upon this grass simply without the aid of 
grain, which I now think disposes the animal 
system to various diseases. \Vhen 1 pack, I 
usually travel from 35 to 40 miles a day, each 
horse carries 200 pounds, rest an hour at noon 
without taking down the packs, camp sun two 
hours high, hobble horses, drive up in the morn- 
ing at sunrise, find horses will endure such la- 
bor for 25 or 30 days, resting of course on the 
Sabbath, upon this grass without in juringthem. 
Their wind is evidently betterthan that of horses 
fed on grain and hay. I have rode from Dr. 
Whitman’s station to this, 125 miles, in 19 
hours, starting at nine o’clock at night, driving 
a spare horse before for change, but this was no 
advantage, for I find it is more fatiguing to a 
horse to be drove than to be rode.” 
Agricultural Education. 
In the last volume of the Cultivator, we 
very earnestly urged upon the Legislatures of 
the Southern States the necessity of providing, 
in our State Colleges, the means of enabling 
our young men to become acquainted with the 
principles of Agricultural science. Well, 
what was the result ? The legislatures met — 
wrangled their usual time about party politics, 
passed laws for private ends, or, perhaps, for the 
benefit of what they call the learned professions ; 
but not the first syllable was uttered, so far as 
we know, in reference to enlightening, eleva- 
ting and ennobling that profession whose great 
business it is to convert earth, air and water 
into bread, meat and clothifig. And so we have 
been left, for another year, to mourn over the 
besotted stupidity that has for ages past con- 
trolled the destinies of these Southern States— 
the fairest portion, by far, of Uncle Sam’s he- 
ritage. 
1h Yankee-land it is quite otherwise. The 
people there know which side of their bread is 
buttered. Indeed, they have, both in matters of 
trade, and of national legislation, treated us 
very much as the huzzy is represented in the 
song as treating her poor devil of a husband; 
they have made us butter their bread for them 
on both sides and all around the edges, and have 
left us to get along, as we best can, on "their 
kff off crusses” As an instance of their policy 
of making money out of us, and serving them- 
selves at the same time— boih very commenda- 
ble purposes, so far as they are concerned, but 
most disgraceful to us — we notice the esta- 
blishment of a professorship of Agricultural 
Chemistiy in Yale College. They know very- 
well that every planter in the Southern States, 
who cares properly for the welfare of his chil- 
dren, will have them well educaied, if he can ; 
especially in scientific Agriculture, now that 
the public attention is beginning to be directed 
that way. And as Yale College has always 
been very much frequented by the sons of 
Souihern planters, by furnishing this additional 
inducement to go there, we have no doubt the 
number will be greatly increased ; — thus adding 
largely to the millions of dollars annually spent 
abroad by the South for what, on every princi- 
ple of patriotism, and of sound economy, ought 
to be provided at home. 
But let our Solomons of the South alone — 
let them rest in their glory. For the one party, 
that Polk was made President, for the other, that 
Clay was earnestly sought to be made so, is 
glory enough in their day and generation:— far 
more precious and enduring glory, than to have 
originated and perfected any measure whose 
object is to develope the resources of the coun- 
try, and scatter plenty over a smiling land. 
At a late meeting of the Corporation of Yale 
College, the following resolutions were passed: 
Whereas, It has been represented to this 
Corporation, that a benefactor of the College 
proposes to give five thousand dollars for the 
endowment ol a professorship of Agricultural 
Chemistry and of Vegetable and Animal Phy- 
siology, provided that §20,000 be raised for that 
purpose : 
Resolved^ That there be established in this 
College a professorship ol Agricultural Che- 
mistry and of Vegetable and Animal Physiolo- 
gy, for the purpose of giving instruction to 
graduates and others not members of the under- 
graduated classes; and that the Corporation 
will now proceed to elect a professor of those 
branches of science, that while effects to com- 
plete the endowment are in progress, he may 
devote himself to studies preparatory to his en- 
tering on the duties ol that offije — it being un- 
derstood and provided that the support of this 
professor is in no case to be chargeable to the 
existing funds or resources of the College. 
Resolved, That there be also established a 
professorship of practical chemistry, for the 
purpose of giving instruction to others than 
members of the undergraduate classes, in re- 
spect to the application of chemistry and the 
kindred sciences to the manufacturing arts, to 
the exploration of the resources of the country, 
and to other practical uses; and that a profes- 
sor be now appointed to that office, whose com- 
pensation, till other provision can be matte, 
shall be derived exclusively from fees for in- 
struction and fur other purposes. 
Resolved, That President Day, and Professors 
Silliman, King.sley, Olmsted, W’’oolsey, and 
Salisbury, be a Commiitee to report at the next 
annual meeting of the Corporation, or any in- 
tervening meeting which may be convenient, 
their opinion of the expediency of arranging 
under a disiinct department of the universiiy, 
those courses of instruction which arCj or ma_v 
be given to others than members of undergra- 
duate classes, and which are not included in the 
departments of Theology, Law and Medicine, 
and that if in their opinion such a department 
is expedient, they report such arrangements and 
regulations as may he requisite for the full or- 
ganization of the department. 
Southern Indepeiideuce. 
Step by step— slowly, though su'^ely, we hope 
— ^are the people relieving themselves from their 
hitherto abject dependance on others lor neces- 
saries and luxuries of iife, which they ought to 
produce at home. Canal fi jur is now seldom 
heard of in our Souiliern interior cities. The 
demand forfiour is supplied by an article quite 
as good, in flour manufactured at home, from 
wheal grown on out soil. So, also, will it soon 
be, we hope, with everything else tha' can be 
grown on Southern soil or manuiactlired by 
Souihern industry. So is it already with lime 
as well as flour. So let it speedily be — as 
.speedily as can be— for moral revolutions al- 
ways proceed slowly, often only by generations 
— with potatoes, apples, hay, beef, pork, car- 
riages, saddles, bridles, shoes, plows, hoes, 
spades, &c., &c,, &c., &c., yea, even down to 
hops and axe -handles. Just to think of bring- 
ing hops from INew Yorkto the interior o! Geor- 
gia, as we have known to be done ; and hay 
from the North round the Florida Cape, through 
the Gulf, and up the river to Tuscaloosa 1 — why 
n is almost enough to make a saint swear. 
Mr. Force is entitled to the thanks of every 
friend of the South for his effort to make us in- 
dependent in the article of cheese : 
Cherokee Cheese. — We copy the following 
from the last Coosa Journal, published at Rome, 
Floyd county, in this State; 
“ We have received from Mr. R. J. Johnson 
a specimen of the cheese manufactured at Mr. 
Force’s Dairy, in Chattooga county. We are 
a great lover of cheese, and we pronounce this 
most excellent, equal to any manufactured i:i 
the United States. The taste is very fine and 
the color exceedingly rich. Mr. Force has 
gone into the business u, on the right principle, 
and will do the country much service by its in- 
troduction in our midst. The cheese is equal 
in every respect to the Northern, and can be 
made here at much less expense, as the cows al- 
most all the year subsist entirely upon the 
range. Mr. Force informs us that he will ma- 
nufacture this year twelve or fifteen thousand 
pounds. 
Opiiiious of the Press. 
Among the numerous flattering notic s of 
the Southern Cultivator, which have ap- 
peared in our exchanges, for all of which we 
repeat our acknowledgments, the publishers 
have culled the three following, to which they 
beg to call the alteniion of the reader. We 
should certainly be insensible to the good opin- 
ion of the public, if we did not feel highly flat- 
tered by such notices from those who are so 
competent to pass upon the merits of our publi- 
cation. It was our purpose to have extended 
our remarks in introducing these encomiums 
from our brethren of the press, but the crowded 
state of our columns forbids. Lei the planters 
read and weigh their contents, ani decide how 
far the opinions of such intelligent, practical 
men should influence their goodopinions of the 
Southern Cultivator: 
Fcom the Souihern Planter. 
Dollar Papers. — A newspaper can only be 
furnished at the low price of one dollaf per an- 
num when it is very extensively circulated, and. 
there are very few regions of the Southern coun- 
try that will aflo.rd a patronage sufficient to jus- 
tify a paper at such a price. In Georgia this 
fact has been demonst.ated by the proposed dis- 
continuance cf the “ SouTHE-RN Cultivator,” 
one of the best agricultural papers in the Union, 
which will be stopped, probabl}', for want of pa- 
tronage. When this fact was announced in the 
paper itself, Col. Alexander McDonald, of Eu- 
faula, Ala., with that public spirit for which he 
is so remarkable, determined to make an effort 
lor the support ol a journal so justly e.steemed. 
He proposed to make one of a thousand indi- 
viduals who w'ould procure and pledge them- 
selves for twenty sub-scribers to the paper. 
Other gentlemen have followed suit, and there 
is much reason to hope that the effort will be 
crowned with success. Those who appreciate 
the benefit of agricultural papers are deeply in- 
terested in extendingtheircirculaiion. No man 
will publish a doll.ar paper in the Souihern coun- 
try with the patronage usually bestowed upon 
them, except as a secondary thing, and in a large 
majority of instances we believe they hardly 
