THE SOinHERN CULTIVATOR. 
175 
fied to learn that Ohio, our great and growing 
agricultural Stale, would furnish her proportion 
ol students, should the college go into operation ; 
hnd this, we feel confident, will be the case, for 
two or three have already been reported to us as 
feady to enter as soon as it is opened. 
We wofiid suggest that those desiring to send 
their sons, or to obtain further information on 
the subject, would do well to write directly to 
Mr. Gowen. His address is James Gowen, 
(Mt. Airy,) Philadelphia, Pa. 
0’***Agricultural editors, and others, friend- 
ly to the cause, can aid Mr Gowen in his laud- 
able enterprise, by making his intentions known 
to their readers. 
Flronl the Cyclopasdia of Domestic Economy. 
Veiitilatiou. 
Good ventilation is nowhere more important, 
although nowhere more neglected than in our 
bed-chambers. The bad effect of sleeping in 
small and close rooms has been often mention- 
ed ; to which we may likewise add, that of hav- 
ing thick curtains drav/n close round the bed, 
which confine the air that has been exhaled, 
surrounding us with an impure atmosphere. 
Provision should be made for a continual 
change of air in the apartment during the night, 
by the escape of the heated and foul air and the 
introduction of cool and fresh air. The first 
may be effected by some aperture at the top of 
the room ; perhaps keeping the top sash open for 
about an inch may be sufficient: of course care 
must be taken that the fresh air brought in at 
the top of the room, shall not act as a draught 
striking upon the bed, but that it enters by small 
apertures, and diffuses itself as quickly as pos- 
sible, and likewise that there may be ttie means 
of regulating the quantity according to circum- 
stances. It the temperature of the fresh air 
can be regulated it will be belter. 
A little apparatus for ventilating a bed cham- 
ber in the night, invented by Marquis de Cha- 
bannes, though not very effectual for a large 
room, is perhaps worth mentioning for a small 
one. It consists of a little box, or enclosure of 
tin or other metal, having an opening in front, 
in which may be placed a small lamp. The 
upper part or flue is to be inserted in the wall on 
the chimney breast and is to go quite into the 
flue of the chimney. The air which the lamp re- 
quires for combustion will thus pass into the flue 
occasioning fresh air to rush into the room to 
supply its place. This machine is in fact a little 
chimney, in which the lamp is the fire. It 
should be placed near the top of the room. 
It is highly deserving of attention, that al- 
though we never use fires without flues, yet we 
very absurdly have long continued to burn 
lamps of considerable size, which are in fact, 
so many fires, in the middle of our apartments, 
even when small, without the least attempt to 
carry off the burnt air which they are constantly 
generatirg. No wonder then, that the air, in 
such places, is often felt to be oppressive; it is, 
indeed, extremely unwholesome. 
From the Albany Collivator. 
Importauce of Well Directed Liabori 
“ What great effect from little causes spring. 
What wealth does labor well cirected bring.” 
A single stroke of an axe is of little conse- 
quence; yet by the continual application of 
that small power, properly directed, what 
amazing effects are produced! The sturdy oak 
and lofty pine do not simply owfi its power, but 
whole forests fall belore it, and the wilderness 
becomes a garden. 
Industry well directed, will giye A man a 
competency in a few years; The greatest in- 
dustry misapplied is useless. 
As an example, there is my neighbor, Seth 
Steady, the Blacksmith, is not only an industri- 
ous man, but his industry applied to one object. 
His hammer is heard at dawn of day, and the 
fire blazes in his shop during the evenings, from 
the 20lh of September lo ihe 20th of March. 
Go to his shop at any time of the day for any 
kind of work, jou are sure to be waited upon. 
The consequence is, his purse is filled with dol- 
lars, and his cellars well filled with provisions, 
and that’s what I call quite comfortable. Al- 
though suitably libera], and enjoying the good 
things of life as he goes on, ten years of health 
will enable him to purchase a good farm. 
As a contrast, there is my friend Nat. Notion- 
al, the busiest and most industrious mortal in 
existence; as the old saying is, “he has too 
many irons in the fire, ’’and with all his industry 
he goes behind-hand. 
He has a fine farm, but instead of pursuing 
the cultivation of it, he flies and seizes on ev- 
ry new project that occurs. 
A few years ago he concluded to give up the 
dairy business, in consequence of the low price 
of butter and cheese ; sold his cows at a low 
figure, and purchased sheep at a high rate, for 
wool then commanded a high price. By the 
time he got fairly into the raising of wool, down 
went the price of wool, and up went the price 
of butter and cheese. He then sold his sheep 
and purchased cows again, for cheese was up, 
and wool was down. Last year, after sowing 
a number ol acres of grain, he resolved to rent 
his farm, sell the grain on the ground, buy a 
team and go to hauling; for, by a nice calcula- 
tion, he had proved that money might be made 
by it. A team was procured; but alter one or 
two trips, he concluded to sell his team, build a 
saw-mill, and go largely into lumbering. The 
dam was completed, the irons procured, and 
three-fourths of the expense incurred, when by 
a nice calculation, (for no one makes nicer cal- 
cu'alions,) he found that an oil-mill would af- 
ford the best profit; and to work he went with 
great industry, building an oil mill, 
I happened to go there a few weeks after- 
wards, and the whole organization of the mill 
was undergoing an alteration, to fit it up lot 
a cotton and woollen manufactory. 
A quizzical friend intends to propose to him 
toabandon that project and enter largely into 
the manufacture of flour, and I have no doubt 
that he will readily accede to the proposal. 
So with all his industry and expense, he is 
neither benefiting himself nor the public. 
The Dew. — The theory of the dew is inte- 
resting to all the admirers of nature, and illus- 
trates in a striking manner the beautiful econo- 
my of the operations of her system. Professor 
Johnson, in his agricultural chemistry, re- 
marks, that: — The dew is celebrated at all 
times and in every tongue for its sweet influ- 
ence; it presents the most beautiful and strik- 
ing illustration of the economy of nature and 
exhibits one of the wise and bountiful adapta- 
tions, by which the whole system of things, an- 
imate and inanimate, is fitted and bound toge- 
ther. All bodies on the surface of the earth ra- 
diate or threw out rays of heat, in straight lines 
— every warmer body to every colder — and the 
entire surface itself is continually sending rays 
upward through the clear air into free space. 
Thus on the earth’s surface all bodies strive, as 
it were, after an equal temj'erature, (an equili- 
brium of heat,) while the surface as a whole 
tends generally towards a cooler state. But 
while the sun shines this cooling will not take 
place, for the earth then receives in general 
mo/e heat than it gives off; and if the clear 
sky be shut out by a canopy of clouds, these 
will arrest and again prevent it from being 
speedily dissipated. At night, then, when the 
sun is absent, ihe earth will cool the most; on 
clear nights, also, more than when cloudy, and 
when clouds only partially obscure the sky, 
those parts will become the coolest which look 
towards the clearest portions ol the heavens. 
Now when the surface cools, the air in con- 
tact must cool also, and like the warm currents 
on the mountain side, must forsake a portion of 
the watery vapor it has hitherto retained. This 
water, like that floating mist on the hills, de- 
scends in particles almost infinitely minute. 
These particles collect upon every leaflet, and 
suspend themselves from every blade of grass 
in drops of “pearly dew.” And mark here a 
beautilul adaptation. Different substances are 
endowed with the property of radiating their 
own heat, and thus becoming cool with differ- 
ent degrees of rapidity; and these substances, 
which, in the air, become cool at first, also at- 
tract first, and most abundantly, the particles of 
falling dew. — Ex. Paper. 
Proper Soil for the Rose. — The proper 
soil for the Rose is strong rich loam, and well 
decomposed vegetable mould, or cow-dung or 
horse dung; but as we are too often already 
provided with the kind of soil we are obliged to 
use, and the garden and situations for our Ro- 
ses are generally ready made, all we must do is 
to modify and supply the deficiency, if any, as 
well as we can. If the soil be light, holes must 
be dug, and loam and dung forked in at the bot- 
tom ot the hole, as well as the hole be filled up 
with the same mixture; for troublesome as this 
may be, it is the only way to secure a good 
growth and bloom, and it is next to useless to 
plant roses in poor light soil without this pre- 
caution. Kitchen gardens well kept up will 
always grow the Rose well, and unless the soil 
be very poor and very light a good spadeful of 
rotten dung mixed with the soil where the Rose 
is planted, will answer all the purpose. Among 
the evils of poor soil for the Rose, it is not the 
least, that i'. frequently makes the flower that 
would otherwise be double come single or semi- 
double, so as to destroy all the riii: y of the 
variety by its bloom; and although many thou- 
sands of roses not worth a penny have been 
sent out, many others which did not deserve it 
have been condemned, because the party vL.) 
was growing them knew nothing about their 
cultivation, and starved them into a f . is- cha- 
racter. As however it isditficult to the 
Rose too rich a soil, It may be as v. ■ f vtt .j 
you think itgood enough, to vvork i:; . - 1 
ot dung with it ; for it will do no hariu, ^ . lu if 
the state ot the ground be ever so good. We 
have no doubt that the Rose would flourish in 
rotten turfs, and when they are to be grown in 
pots it is practicable to give them this invalua- 
ble stuff’to grow in; but unless it be a recently 
turned-up pasture, there is nothing approximat- 
ing to it out of doors, and even this is far less 
supplied with the rotted grass, than when turfs 
are cut thin to rot for use. As a general prin- 
ciple, then, it may be laid down that the Rose 
requires rich soil, and that if you have it not 
you must change the nature of what you have 
by means of dung, or loam, or both . — Farmer 
and Mechanic. 
Weeds.— A very common instance of neg- 
lect in the fall of the year, and through the 
middle and latter part of summer, is the omis- 
sion of the continued destruction of weeds. 
Corn, potatoes, ruta bagas, carrots, and other 
hoed crops, usually receive one or two good 
dressings with the hoe and cultivator early in 
the season, and are afterwards neglected. How 
many fields ot corn, exhibit in autumn, when 
the crop is cut up and cleared off, a smooth, 
clean surface, like a newly plowed field, as 
they ought to 7 instead ot which, we far more 
frequently ses half a ton of luxuriant weeds to 
the acre. 
The old saying is, “ one year’s seeding will 
make five years’ weeding.” But there is ano- 
ther reason why weeds should never be suffered 
to goto seed. The exhaustion caused by grow- 
ing vegetables, which are destroyed on the sur- 
face and not buried in the soil, everyone knows; 
but the exhaustion produced by the formation 
and ripening of seed, is not so well appreciated. 
It has been justly remarked, that it requires 
more strength of soil to form the half ounce of 
seed on a single plant of the turnip, than to 
grow the large succulent bulb in the ground, 
though weighing fifteen pounds. Hence the 
great importance of never allowing a crop of 
weeds to draw the life from the soil in ripening 
a crop of seed. 
The importance of cutting up and destroying 
weeds when only an inch high, before they have 
•shaded and stunted the young crop, and when 
