THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
185 
serving them. They have spent century after 
century in shedding each other’s blood, in creat- 
ing and spreading poisonous superstitions, and 
in every possible way destroying all that was 
ood. Despising the blessings of creation and 
rovidence, they sought their happiness in the 
employment of fiends, and if the malice of men 
could but have had its way, the race would long 
since have been extinct, and the earth would 
have rolled on to the end of its course, its trea- 
sures unexplored and useless. Science shows 
us that the capacities of the earth have hardly 
begun to be developed, and the human family 
hardly begun to exist, either in numbers or indi- 
vidual enjoyment. Evidently no sort of concep- 
tion has been formed in the minds of more than 
a very few of the swarming millions which this 
earth is capable ofsustaining in luxurious plenty. 
Land and labor have been brought so ignorantly 
together that nothing almost has been the pro- 
duct. The meagre stinted crops which have so 
poorly repaid the labors of the farmer, have ex- 
hibited the measure of man’s ignorance rather 
tha.n of earth’s barrenness. We are opening now 
upon an era when every field will be a scientific 
laboratory, most interesting in its operations to 
every noble feeling. The change will operate to 
compensate the farmers near the great marlcets 
for the competition they endure from the cheap- 
ness of Western land. In proportion as the quan- 
tity of crops is increased, the value of proximity 
to market is increased. If the crop of wheat 
was doubled per acre, the expense of transporta- 
tion per acre would be doubled, and this would 
go to enhance the value of land near to market 
to the amount of the capital upon which this 
saving would pay the interest. But when we 
come to fruits and vegetables, which decay rapid- 
ly, or are injured by much travelling, or are of 
great bulk compared with their value, then we 
have another element of value for land near to 
markets. 
We are indebted for most of these suggestions 
to Mr. Pell, whose fruits, vegetables and grains 
attracted much attention at the late Fair. We 
do not, however, mean to make Mr. Pell respon- 
sible for any blunders which we have committed 
in repeating from memory a little outline of the 
very interesting conversation of hal.f an hour 
which we had with him. We do not suppose 
that these things are as new or interesting to 
every body as they were to us ; but they will, 
perhaps, set some of our readers upon a track 
which will bring them to more thorough and ex- 
act information. 
Southern Independence. 
The South. Carolinian furnishes us with the 
following evidence that the Southern States are 
beginning to avail themselves of the advantages 
of their position. The people of these States 
have it in their power to make all the rest of the 
Union tributary to them. Heretofore, it has been 
just the other way. Every body has had his 
hand in our pocket, and has thriven by either 
plundering or outwitting us. The cotton crop 
of Georgia this year is estimated to bring some 
seventeen millions of dollars. Large as this is. 
Massachusetts will contrive, in various ways, to 
make more than that out of it. And yet we will 
hold up our heads and think we are getting on 
finely in the world. But these things are no t go- 
ing to be so always : 
[From the South Carolinian.] 
CAEOLtNA Flour Exported ! ! ! — The disas- 
trous season of 1845, has not been without its 
good to many of our farmers. Those of them, 
whose corn crops had been ruined by the drought, 
planted plentifully during the last fall of small 
grainy and the result has been highly fortunate. 
Good crops have been made ; and not only have 
©ur farmers been enabled to supply themselves 
with their own flour, but also to sell largely of 
their superabundant supply. Not only is the 
town of Columbia now supplied with flour from 
our own State, but a large amount of it has 
been exported to Charleston and elsewhere. 
Scarcely a farmer visits our town who does not 
bring his tew barrels of flour for sale. Nor has 
he failed to be rewarded tor this new enterprise 
of his industry. During the whole season, he 
has met with ready and good sale for the article- 
Sincerely is it to be hoped, then, that the mar- 
ket for domestic flour, now so favorably com- 
menced in Columbia, will continue to increase 
every year. To encourage it, and fully develope 
this new resource of the wealth of the State, 
our Rail Road Company has very properly re- 
duced the amount of freight on flour from 50 
cents per barrel to 25 cents. 
In a very few years, we expect to sec Charles- 
ton, instead of importinglarge quantities of Nor- 
thern flour, exporting hundreds of thousands of 
barrels of the manufacture of our own mills 
We hope to see this, nor will our hope be dis- 
appointed, if our farmers will only consult their 
true interests. 
Agricultural Bducation. 
Gov. Jones, of Tennessee, in one of his mes- 
sages to the Legislature, makes the following re- 
mark : 
“Ithasbeenjustly remarked that he who con- 
tributed to the agricultural improvement of his 
country, was a greater benefactor than a hero of 
a hundred battles. The Legislature that shall 
adopt a liberal system of encouragement to the 
agricultural interest of the State, will have effect- 
ed more for the honor and prosperity of the coun- 
try, than the establishment of a thousand banks f 
Upon which a writer in the Maine Farmer 
comments thus : 
“ We are happy to perceive that such men as 
Gov. Jones are waking up, and apparently alive 
to the importance of cherishing a more liberal 
spirit in reference to the ‘ one great art.’ During 
the past year, we have noticed, through the en- 
tire length and breadth of our land, an awaken- 
ing and absorbing interest in the promotion of 
our national Agriculture. The old societies —the 
honorable and honored pioneers in the noble 
cause, have happily kept the public awake, and 
the attention of farmers fixed to the principles of 
improved husbandry, while we have witnessed 
North and West the organization of new socie- 
ties in numbers unexampled in this country, and 
whose members, fired with a noble and patriotic 
zeal, have presented iheir first and best fruits to 
the gaze of the admiring multitudes with a devo- 
tion and apparent unanimity of feeling that au- 
gurs well to the cause. Yet there are some who 
holdback, refusing to accord their influence in 
effecting what every candid man, who rightly ap- 
preciates the true elements of national happiness 
and genuine national prosperity, must ever con- 
template as one of the most important move- 
ments of the age — the advancement of the 
AGRICULTURAL ART. 
“ We have much to say on this subject, as it is 
one in which we feel a deep and engrossing inte- 
rest, and in discussing which, we hope to be as- 
sisted, in future, by every farmer in the land. 
The agricultural class have thus far been the 
dupes of pettifoggers and partizan politicians, 
and have but too truly enacted the part of the 
cat’s paw in the hands of the monkey. How 
much longe', brethren of the plow, are we to be 
hood-winked in this way 1 W. 
Southern Crops. 
It is estimated that the crop of cotton of Geor- 
gia will, this year, bring somewhere about 
SEVENTEEN MILLIONS of Dollars Q.uite 
a respectable income this will be to our people, 
for one years’ labor, bestowed on cotton aloiie. 
We would like to be able to add to it the value 
of the lice, sugar and tobacco crop — the value of 
lumber exported, and gold dug. But here, we 
can do nothing, for the want of statistics to be 
depended on. 
In South Carolina, too, th -y are looking at 
their income with satisfaction. Tiie Ch vriest on 
Evening News furnishes us with the following 
statement ; 
The Staples of Carolina, the Exchanges, 
Money, &c. — The year 1347 will be remarkable 
in the commercial annals of South Carolina. A 
higher than an average crop of Cotton, at more 
than average prices, a large crop of Rice, at high 
prices, and an abundant Grain harvest, assure 
the materials of general prosperity. The aggre- 
gate value of our Upland Coiton and Rice crops 
will exceed by nearly 33 per cent., at least, that 
of ordinary years. 
An average annual product of Upland 
Cotton in South Carolina yields a 
value of $6,000,000 
An average crop of Rice in South Ca- 
rolina produces- •• 1,500 000 
$7,500,000 
The Upland crop of the present com- 
mercial year for South Carolina 
alone, is estimated at 275,000 bales 
and the aggregate value, at $30 per 
bale, will be 8,250,000 
The Rice crop of the present year for 
South t arolina exclusively, we esti- 
mate, at 100 000 bbls., which at $3 
per cwt , will produce 1,800,000 
Upl’d & rice erttp of the present year- $10,050,000 
“ “ “ of former years, average- 7,500,000 
2,550,000 
Being an excess of nearly 33 per cent, over 
previous years. The above estimates are only 
approximations, and confined to S. Carolina, as 
the income from her crops is spent mostly with- 
in her own limits. 
Now, if these vast amounts, the proceeds of 
ourindustry, were kept at home, it would be a 
theme for glorification indeed. But how much 
remains, after our people are supplied with the 
necessaries and luxuries which they buy annual- 
ly 1 Will you tell us that 1 Estimate the value 
of the horses, mules, pork and CJtton bagging 
brought from the west — of the carriages and fur- 
niture; cloths and silks; saddles, bridles and 
harness ; hoes and plows ; shoes, boots and hats ; 
tubs, pails and buckets; brooms and brushes ; 
nails and iron; hops and axe handles ; hay and 
apples; potatoes and onions, &c.&c. Ac., that 
are brought from the east, and you will find a 
ready solution of the mystery involved in the 
fact, that while other States, that make no cotton, 
are rapidly increasing in wealth, those where 
cotton is made are either stationary or advanc- 
ing backwards very fast. 
Our Exchanges. 
Papers with which we exchange in Alabama, 
Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina, 
South Carolina and Georgia, are respectfully re- 
quested to publish our Prospectus, and call at- 
tention to our Fifth Volume. 
To Correspondents. — The report of the Ag- 
ricultural Fair in Warren was received too late 
for this number of the Cultivator. 
ERRATA. — In the fifth paragraph of an article headed 
“Respect for Labor,” in our September A'o., eighth line 
from bottom of the paragraph, the name of “Varro” is 
misspelt Varrio; fourth line from bottom, same paragraph 
for “ proven” read and in the line next following, tor 
“ when” read while. 
Some attempts made last ‘■pring to cultivate 
rice in the neighborhood of Rome have fully 
succeeded, and a company has ctnsequently 
been formed for the purpose of growing rice in 
the whole of the plain between Ostia and Porto 
d’Anza, which is 40 leagues long, and can be 
flooded at will by the waters of the lakes Alba- 
no and Lemi. 
Mr. Charles Cameron states, through the 
London Times, that any vegetable substance 
may be rendered explosive in the same manner 
as cotton. He has successfully tried munjeet, 
hemp, fla.x, old rags, old paper, &c. 
