94 
S 0 U T H E K N 
V. ItnplevKfnts and macJimes fur agricultural operations. 
VI. Fencing and enclosing. 
1. Kinds and costs of fencing. 
2. Advantages and disadvantages of the separate en- 
closing of each field, or each farm, compared to dispens- 
ing with either or both ; and instead, confining live stock 
to enclosed pastures, or herding them, especially in refer- 
ence to hogs, 
VII. Grass, Jmisha7idry, grazing, and g7'een or vegetable 
manuring crops. 
1. Natural meadows on moist ground. 
2. Artificial (or sown) grasses on permanent meadows 
or pastures. 
3. Artificial grasses, peas, or other green or forage 
crops, alternated with tillage crops on arable land. 
4. Mowing and hay, 
5. Crops of grass, peas, or weeds, left to manure the 
land on which they grew. 
VIIT. Live stock. 
1. Teams, or animals for labor. 
2. Animals reared and kept for their products, or fat- 
tened for sale or home consumption, and their manage- 
ment. 
3. Animals purchased from abroad, and general cost 
thereof. 
4. Comparative profits of hogs confined to enclosed pas- 
tures, of to styes, and those ranging at large, 
IX. Dairy management a nd products. 
1. Products consumed or sold. 
2. Supplies of butter and cheese from abroad. 
X. Manures. 
1. Cow-yard and stable manure, and other stock sup- 
plies. Collection and choice of material — preparation, 
and effects. Fermented and unfermented manures. 
2. Straw, leaves, or other unmixed vegetable matters, 
unrotted when applied. 
3. Peat, marsh, or swamp mud as manure. 
4. Fossil shells or marl. 
5. Lime. 
6. Any supply of carbonate of lime from other sources. 
7. Wood ashes — coal ashes. 
7. Bone dust, or phosphate of lime in other materials, 
8. Gypsum. 
9. Guano. 
11. Any earths containing fertilizing ingredients, and 
fit for manures. 
12. Any other neutral salts, or materials containing 
them, useful for manuring. 
13. Composts of different manuring materials, 
XI. Orchards and their products, vineyards, vegetable 
gardens supplying products for sale generally and exten- 
sively. 
- Xil. Woodland. 
1. General description of the growth of different kinds 
of lands. 
2. Uses and value of timber and other products. 
3. Proportion of farms necessary to be kept under 
wood. 
4. Disadvantages and cost of excess of wood-land to 
agriculture. 
XIII. Old and bad, practices, and new or recently intro- 
duced processes or improved practices in agriculture. 
XIV. Notices or suggestions of new or neglected resources 
for agricultural improvement. 
XV. Obstacles to agricultural improvement and profit. 
1 . Obstacles opposed by natural and unavoidable cir- 
cumstances. 
2. Obstacles caused by erroneous governmental policy, 
or by omission of proper legislation. 
3. Obstacles caused by individual action or neglect. 
XVI. Unhealthiness of reddents, caused by climate and 
■condition of the country and its agriculture. 
CULTIVATOE. 
1. Local sources of malaria, tlieir extent, operation, and 
degrees of malignity — such as rapid streams sometimes 
overflowing the bordering land — tide- water marshes, fresh 
or salt — swamps, whether in their natural state or when 
under culture — mill-ponds, atid the passage of transient 
and irregular floods of fresh water over salt marshes. 
2. Accumulation of putrifying matters, animal and 
vegetable, in towns, their injurious effects on health, and 
the means of rendering them innoxious, and useful as 
materials for manure. 
3. Increase or decrease, and greater or less extent and 
virulence of malarious diseases, in past time and now, 
and the supposed causes of change. 
4. Means of removing or dimini.shingthe cause.s of such 
diseases, within the reach of individual proprietors, and 
such means as cannot be used without governmental inter- 
position, and compulsory direction. 
XVII. Any other subjects not here indicated, width may 
be connected with the agriculture or economy of the county 
or other locality treated of, aaid of which the discus.don 
vrould be useful in aid of improvement. 
THE TEXAS OAT GRASS ALIAS THE EESCTJE— EX- 
PERIMENT WITH RYE. 
Messrs. Editors— Owing to the continued dry weather 
which followed my January report in the Cultivator, I 
I did not cut my rye, or the grass, during that month, 
and hence my omission to furnish you with an article 
for the February number ; and in this report I regret to 
say I cannot be as accurate as I desire. The servant ac- 
customed to cutting the rye was not aware that I intend- 
ed to weigh each cutting, and therefore repeated this ope- 
ration without my knowledge. He says, however, that it 
did not fall short of the first cutting more than one-third, 
which weighed, as reported, fifteen pounds. 
The grass, since that time, seems not to have grown one 
inch in height, but is beginning to enlarge its dimensions, 
somewhat, latitudinally. Algernon. 
February, 1655. 
CIRCTJLAR-HERD BOOK. 
Dear Sir — During the past year, I have been inquired 
of, by several Short Horn Cattle breeders, when I intend- 
ed to issue a second volume of the American Herd Book. 
My reply has been, “not until the Short Horn breeders 
would come forward in sufficient number to patronize the 
work, by furnishing the pedigrees of their stock, and to 
buy the book to an extent sufficient to warrant the expense 
of its publication.” The first volume of the American j 
Herd Book, which I published in 1846, is still indebted to 
me in the cost of the book itself, throwing in the time and 
labor I spent upon it. 
At the late “National Cattle Show,” held at Springfield, 
Ohio, a large number of Short Horn breeders were as- 
sembled, from ten or twelve States, and the Canadas. The 
subject of a continuance of the publication of an American 
Herd Book was fully discussed by them. It was agreed 
that, with so large a number of Short Horn Cattle as are 
now owned and bred in the United States, and the Cana- 
das, a Herd Book, devoted to the registry of American 
Cattle was imperatively demanded. The expense and 
trouble of transmitting their pedigrees to England, and 
the purchase of the voluminous English Herd Book, now 
costing at least S200, is no longer necessary ; and that as 
the breeding of pure Short Horn blood must depend much 
upon having a domestic record at hand, when the requis- 
ite information can be obtained, and that of a reliable 
character, a Herd Book is indispensable. 
In pursuance of the unanimous request of the gentle- 
men engaged in breeding Short Horns, above alluded to, 
together witli many individual solicitations which I have 
