!28 
SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
How TO BK Happy.— la my apprehension, the best way 
to be useful and happy in this lile is to cultivate domestic 
affections — to love home, and at the same time to be tem- 
perate and just— to pursue lawful business whjjtever it 
may be, with diligence, firmness and integrity of purpose, 
and in the peifect belief that honesty is equally as bind- 
ing in the discharge of public as private trusts ; for when 
public morals are destroyed, public liberty cannot sur- 
vive. 
lurticEltEral leprtraent. 
WQBX FOE THE MOUTH. 
[ApRtr,, (Latin, Aprilis) is so called from aperio, “to 
open,” in allusion to the opening of the young buds of 
trees or flowers, and the general development of vegetation 
at this season. Thisds the only month whose .present 
name seems to have reference to the season in which it oc- 
curs. It corresponds to the Jewish, Z'f ov Ziv, (1 Kings 
VI, 1,) the of their ewiZ and seco7id of their sacred 
year. Its Saxon name was Eoster, or Ostor-monath ; 
“Osd’ signifying East, and the winds, by ancient observa- 
tion, being found in this month most commonly to blow 
from the East.] 
THE PLANTATION. 
Provisions of all kinds still continue scarce and dear, 
and as it is likely that vast quantities of grain will be 
needed for exportation, we repeat urgently our advice of 
last month, viz; to plant heavily of Corn, Sweet Potatoes, 
Cow Peas, [See article on curing Pea Vines, in present 
number,] &c,, &c. It is probable that most of our readers 
have already planted Corn, but if planting has been de- 
layed by any untoward circumstances, lose not a moment 
now in getting a large crop into the ground. Ploio deep 
and manure heawily — plant the earliest and heaviest seed 
you can obtain, and as soon as the young plants have 
made sufficient growth, thin, out to the proper “stand” and 
give the ground a thorough working. A great deal de- 
pends upon the after-culture of Cwn. (supposing it to have 
been properly planted at first) and, in this connection, w'e 
would call attention to the suggestions ofour practical and 
intelligent correspondent, “M ,” on page 108. 
Having fully finished the planting of your Corn ci'op, 
take hold and complete, without delay, the planting of 
Cotton. We would urae upon our readers the necessity 
of deeper and cleaner culture than they generally give this 
all important staple. Unfortunately, ' every man thinks 
his own system of “making cotton” the best known, and 
is seldom willing to profit by the example of even his 
more successful neighbor. The problem -of making, year 
after year, a paying crop of cotton, without greatly im- 
poverishing the land that produces it, is one that very few 
have yet solved. That it can be dcnie, we have not the 
least doubt; but until the generation of anti- progres- 
sionists passes away, we have no hope of seeing it. 
Ultimately it must come, or Cotton culture will have to be 
abandoned ; for with the vast yearly increase of our popu- 
lation, it will not take long to exluiust and w'ear out all 
the available new lands in the Union. We would say, 
then : — Do not try to “cover too much surface” with this 
crop, hut do well whatever you attempt. Better 40 or 50 
acres well cultivated, than 2 or 3 hundred merely “scratch- 
ed” over. Plant only the “improved” varieties, and re- 
member that one bale of fine, long staple, caiefully handled 
and properly ginned, will bring as much money as two 
bales of indifferent, specked and foul “dog tail.” 
Continue to set out Sweet Potatoes — both “sets” and 
“draws.” Ridges for sweet Potatoes should not be thrown 
up until you are ready to plant. Plow the ground deep 
and well, and harrow finel^g before ridging up. Plant 
Melons, Pumpkins, Squashes, &c. Sow Millet, Doura, 
and common Corn for fodder, in drills, once every fort- 
night or three weeks, until late in the summer- you can- 
not make the ground too rich for these forage crops, so do 
not be afraid to put on the manure. 
TEE VEGETABLE G-AEDEN. 
Whatever you have been prevented from doing last 
month by unfavorable weather, or other causes, must now 
be attended to promptly, or it will be too late.' The young 
weeds, “nutgrass,’, “joint grass,” &c., &c., will now be- 
gin to dispute possession of the ground with your early 
vegetables, and unless you attack them vigorously, 
and keep them under, they vrili be sure to get the start of 
your crop. 
Set out early Cabbages, Peppers, Tomatoes, Egg Plants, 
&c. Transplant Lettuce. Force your young vegetables 
into vigorous and rapid growth, by repeated applications 
of liquid manure— to prepare which, use 4 quarts of well 
rotted stable manure ; 4 quarts of hen-house manure ; 3 
gallons of chamber-ley, and 2 quarts of finely pulverized 
guano, to one barrel of rain-water, keeping the barrel 
covered, and the liquid well stirred up. Saturate the earth 
around your plants occasionally with this compound from 
the rose of a watering-pot, early in the morning, or late in 
the afternoon, not allowing the liquid to fall on the plants. 
Plant Watermelons, Music Melons, Cucumbers, Squashes,, 
&c., &c. Plant pole Beans, such as the Lima, or “butter 
bean,” &c., four feet apart each way. Also, bush or 
dwarf Beans, may be planted now, dropping them from 
two to four inches apart in the drill. Sow a full crop of 
Okra in a rich, well drained spot, in beds or ridges 
four feet apart — dropping four or five seeds in each hill, 
and three feet apart on the ridges. "When well up, thia 
out to a single plant, leaving the most thrifty. Keep the 
earth around them well worked, and haul a little soil 
around the stems of the plant from time to time. The 
“ Dwarf” or Prolific Okra is the finest variety w^e know. 
It needs no “topping,” and often produces over 100 pods 
on one stalk. Sow Red Cabbage, for pickling. Sow 
Cavltflmvers and Brocoli early this month, for a full crop. 
Sow, also, in warm borders, in the open ground, Tomatoes^ 
Peppers, &c. Skiw Radishes, in a deep, light soil, every 
three weeks, for a succession. Sow Citron Melons and 
the small Glass for preserves. Cultivate these as 
you would the Water or Musk Melon. Plant Gherkins 
in the middle of this month, and cultivate like Cucumbers, 
Plant an abundance of the the different culinary herb^ 
such as Parsley, Savory, Mar jorum. Fennel, &.c. 
THE OECHAED. 
Examine your Peach trees closely, and if any borera 
yet remain under the bark, just below the surface, remove 
the earth and dig them but carefully with a thin, sharp- 
pointed knife or a piece of iron wire; then apply to the 
excoriated bark (with a white-wash or large paint brushj) 
a mixture composed of 10 parts of lime; 5 of ashes; 2 of 
salt, and 2 of coal or gas tar. Let all these ingredients 
(except the, tar) be mixed with water until the wash is of 
the thickness of cream — then stir in the gae tar, and ap- 
ply the mixture with a liberal hand, from the top or moia 
roots to the height of 10 or 12 inches above the surface. 
When the wash dries and hardens, fill the cavity or basia 
around the tree with fresh earth and heap it up around 
the trunk 8 or 10 inches above the surface. Work or 
loosen the earth around your fruit trees — apply a good 
of well rotted manure — destroy all suckers — cut out dead 
wood, &c., &c. Caitcrpillar nests will now begin to b« 
distinctly visible ; and noiv is the time to destroy myriads of 
them. Take a long, light pole— drive into one end of it 
crosswise, (a quarter of an inch apart, and on all sides,) 8 
or 10 large nails. Let a boy pas along the rows of fruit 
trees, pole in hand, and wheneverhe espies a nest, a thrust 
