8 0TTTHKRN CTTLTTVATOK. 
m 
y It ia (liis : An nrt is always soaieiiiing to j 
dime; a science is always soiiieihaig to be ttii wn. 
by svav doin^ what ought to be done, and evef 
what ought to be known, gradually, but certainly 
jTrdace the one st-t of ernpioyinetits to arts, and liie oilier 
sinences. The proper direc.tion of our [ihysicil an4i 
iy<;reslectual noti vity, and the wise ctduire of our moral and 
endowments, are cardinal points to direc.t both t!ie 
^‘oraetice and ihe improvement of the peofile”— one of 
tiss themes upon which I am expected to lecmre, 
Ai^rlciilture has been practiced as an art since the time 
■'iffhett Cain was a tiller of the groutid, and Abko tollowed 
sheep- husbandry for a livelihood. It is a curious fact in 
t>he early history of the human family that the hrst born 
of Ada.m should h.ave divided their occupation into 
Ttibge and Husbandry. The cultivation of cereals, or 
plants, is entirely distinct from the care of sheep, 
l;©Tse,s 5 . neat ca file, swine and poultry; although sound 
©■cfvoanomy demands that stock-husbandry aiid field cul- 
te-re be uniie 1 on the same firm, or plantation. There are 
iSBMie exceptions to this genera! rule, but they do not im- 
psir its v.due as a settled principle of agriculture. The 
iaiina! and vegetable kingdoms sustain, in the perfect 
©■ 3 ® lomy of Nature., peculiar and important relations to 
other; and the mutual dependence of agricultural 
plvmts and domesiicateti animals is demonstrated in the 
©!«.aresl manner under the wise practice of wliat Knglish 
awl German authors cal! a ‘‘Mixed system of Tillage and 
Kosbandry.” If we push tillage too far, and neglect stock- 
Ssisbandry. we destroy the balance of organic nature, liy 
<f^pnving our growing crops of manure, and our soil 
af Use elements of fertility. Such practice violates a law 
itiire ; and if we do not desist from it, sooner or later, 
will smite our abused fields with liarrenness. As the 
of nature are in trutli the laws of God, we are able to 
^aee the principles of scientific tillage and husbandry 
Back ra the unalterable economy of the Creator of both 
eaMh and the living beings that inhabit it. A tr.o- 
merits reflection will satisfy you that every product of 
:iirm industry is in part, or wholly, the offspring of veget- 
®Bk,or animal Life. Life is a productive power of iiies- 
tissalde value; and however much one may neglect other 
'branches of knowledge, he shnuld not fail to study Agri- 
e«‘!jural Physiology. The planter, the husbandman, the 
}!is?den er and the orchardist, alike have to do with tlieac- 
gfiidve agency of vegetable and animal vitality. In myri- 
aid® ©fin sects, it appears as an enemy: and in the growth 
cf pestiferous weeds. it is hardly less injurious to the cul- 
fitvafor of the sod How he can best control and Lse this 
ATstal/power, whether in plants or animfds, will be eiabor 
g; 5 ely di.scussed in the course of lectures of which the pre- 
Siigj.U is lutr-o uctory, and a brief oui line. 
Chemistry has done more for every department of rural 
^Bdustry than I'.ny oAlier science. Indeed, all the industrial 
sshi «ye largely indebted to ciiemical researches and plii- 
Ibosophy for their present advanced condition. It has de- 
'^.sinped many of the mo.st useful principles in almost 
calling and proression known to civilized man. The 
®,«rJi:?acy and delic.acy witli which it weighsand measures 
.■ail pon.derable bodies, are truly surprising. It was not 
tliurVeHAPrAi, and Davy had brought the light of Chemi.s- 
t%y to hear on agricultural affairs that farmers were able 
to enderstand the exact relations that rocks hold to soils, 
jKid soils to plants, and plants to animahs, and lioth atii 
isiirds and plants to their parent soils and parent rocks 
'^tvreen the Primary rocks which appear to form the 
sS:6!ston of the planet and man. the last crowning work of 
©^salive energy, there intervenes an indefinite number of 
S@?ontlary, Testiary. and more recent strata, in which are 
«as«®TObed the remains of an extinct Paurui and FU ro, and 
jaiiiei’als of equal interest and value in scientific agricul- 
Geologists and Naturalists have co-operated with 
Cheini.'ts in tracing the natural history td'the F,ai til's crust 
itriii inhabitants from an early geological age to ilie pre.- 
seritlime.. These sciences are irufjoitaiit in an ag iciil- 
th'ral point of view, because tiipy explain bnih the origin 
ahd the genera! characier of all sods, whatever their qual- 
ity. It isliardiy too much to say that chemistry and ge- 
(ji^i(s>gy foi-ni jAe basis ofagricuhure as a .scietice; aUhnugli 
meteorology, pfivsica! geography, maiheniatics, botany, 
coiiiparative anatomy, eritonioiogv and rnaiq/ o’her scien* 
ces lend assistance to the educated pianier. Sciences, like 
Arts, and like, the niemfiers of a cuitivated and wise com- 
munity, gretilly aid t nc.h ot her ; and while other learned 
piiifessions, and particularly those of divini'y, law and 
medicine, have done much to create a popular taste for 
agricultural literature and refinement, in turn, the profes- 
sion nl agriculture liy fixing a higher standard of general 
intelligence, elevates and [iurifies every other calling. We 
are all alike amenable to pulilic opinion ; and if this be 
low in its moral tone and feeling, rude in iis social, and 
uncultivated in its mental faculties, the professions of 
Medicine, Law and Divinity, and tae Pres.s, must come 
down corresspondingiy to a lower level. By striving to 
raise up agriculture, and other industrial pttrsuits to a 
more honored and improved' condition, we detract from 
the dignity and usefulness of no mere professional calling; 
, but we give each a higher basis, and a sounder founda- 
lion on which to build a more enduring and lofty struc- 
tuie. 
Art, literature and science are integral parts one system 
and so run into each other in their natural growth, and 
reciprotviely impart both strength and beauty, that neithei* 
can be asstiiled without jeoparding the safety of the others. 
What is true ofart, literature, and science in general, is 
emphatically true of the literature, and the several arts and 
sciences which make agrlculmre and those that practice it, 
precisely what they tire. The masses who follow tillage 
and husbandry do not cherish that cordial friendship for 
the infant literature and youtliful science of their occupa- 
tion wliich their own best interests demand. '! hey are 
apt to regard the ideas of science and literature, in connec- 
tion with plowing, planting, hoeing, harvesting, fencing 
and stock husbandry, as incongruous and out of place. 
To many, the words are new, and appear far fetched, 
high-sounding and something like a guilde.d humbug, de- 
signed to cheat honest, old fashioned Industry out of his 
mother wit, or perhaps, his money. A world of prejudice 
has to be met and overcome; and some years must elapse 
before agricultural knnwledji'e, as recorded and taught in 
hooks by the mn.st successful farmers in all civilized na- 
tions, will be estimated at its tme value. Although the 
history of agriculture has been little studied, and cultivated 
but by a very lew, yet it is a niagnificent field, and one 
that presents almost a virgin soil covered with richfiuits 
ready for the harvest. 
No intelligent gentleman is ignorant of the fict that our 
countrymen have long been in the practice of sending to 
England and paying extravagant ly high pnees fur blood- 
ed stock of a!! kinds About (our years since one of the 
most disiinsuislied i mpvovers of Short Horn cattle in the 
kingdom (Thomas Batks, Esq ,)died, and his entire lierd 
was sold at public auction. Such was the world -wide re- 
putation of the neat stock of Mr Batks, and his fame, as 
a breeder, that his executors advertised the sale of his 
famous Short Hornsin the United States, France, Belirium. 
Prussia, Austria and other countries, as well as in Great 
Britain. About five thousand men, and mostly breeders, 
attended the sale ; and almost every nation in which rural 
knowledi e is cultivated at all had its representatives there 
to hid for the prizes. I need not say that this herd sold 
at faliulous prices, taking not recent, but previous sales, for 
comparison. 
In studying the probable causes of this gentleman’s 
